SMART PARKING

SYSTEM

A Synopsis Report Submitted

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering (CSE)

Submitted By

Devanshu Kumar
(21BTECH(CSE)010)

Priyanka Kachhap
(21BTECH(CSE)026)

Sohail Ansari
(22BTECH(CSE)L060)

Shipra Singh
(21BTECH(CSE)029)

Faculty of Computing & IT

Usha Martin University, Ranchi

September, 2024
Introduction:

The growth of urban population and increased vehicle ownership have led to severe traffic
congestion, with parking being a significant contributing factor. The traditional parking
system is inefficient in many metropolitan areas, resulting in increased fuel consumption,
time wastage, and air pollution as drivers circle around in search of available parking spots.
A Smart Parking System leverages IoT (Internet of Things) technology to provide real-time
information about parking space availability. This system improves the parking experience
by reducing the time and effort needed to find an available spot, optimizing the use of
parking areas, and reducing traffic-related pollution.
The Smart Parking System comprises sensors embedded in parking spaces, which detect the
presence or absence of a vehicle. This information is transmitted to a cloud-based server,
where it is processed and displayed on a user-friendly mobile application. The system can
also provide additional features such as automated billing, parking time management, and
security monitoring.

Objectives:

• To design a smart parking system that allows real-time tracking of parking space
occupancy.
• To integrate IoT-based sensors to monitor parking slots, reducing manual monitoring.
• To develop a user-friendly mobile application that guides drivers to the nearest
available parking space, reducing the time spent searching.
• To optimize the management of parking spaces, enabling better space utilization and
traffic flow.
• To reduce environmental impact by cutting down on unnecessary fuel consumption
and emissions caused by cars searching for parking.

Gaps:

• Limited Sensor Range: Ultrasonic sensors might not be reliable in all weather
conditions, such as rain or snow, which could affect accuracy.
• Wi-Fi Dependence: The system's reliance on Wi-Fi for data transmission may lead
to connectivity issues in areas with poor signal strength.
Scalability Challenges: Expanding the system to larger parking lots could require
significant hardware and power resources, potentially increasing costs.
• Security: The data transmission may be vulnerable to hacking, requiring better
encryption for security.

Methodology:

• System Requirements: Define the key functionalities the smart parking system
should offer, such as real-time parking availability, sensor accuracy, and mobile
accessibility.
• Resource Planning: Identify hardware (sensors, controllers) and software (cloud
platforms, mobile app development) needed for the project.
• Block Diagram Development: Create a schematic representing the components of
the system, including sensors, gateways, cloud infrastructure, and user interface.
• Parking Slot Design: Plan sensor placement in parking slots and decide on the sensor
type (ultrasonic or infrared) based on detection accuracy.
• Communication Architecture: Design how data flows between sensors, the cloud
server, and the mobile application. This will include Wi-Fi or LoRa communication
modules for transmitting data.
• Installation of Sensors: Ultrasonic or infrared sensors are placed in each parking slot
to detect the presence of vehicles.
• Microcontroller Setup: A microcontroller such as Raspberry Pi or Arduino collects
sensor data and transmits it via the gateway.
• Power Management: Ensure continuous power supply to the sensors and controllers.
• Wireless Data Transmission: Use Wi-Fi or LoRa modules to transmit data from
sensors to the cloud-based server. LoRa (Long Range) technology is ideal for large
parking lots.
• Data Processing: Develop algorithms to process incoming data, update the
availability status of parking spaces, and push notifications to the mobile app.
• User Interface Design: Create a mobile application (Android/iOS) with a user-
friendly interface showing real-time parking availability, parking lot maps, and
directions to vacant spots.
• User Notifications: Enable push notifications and alerts for users, informing them of
nearby available parking.
• Functional Testing: Test the system under different conditions (peak hours, sensor
calibration, real-time tracking) to ensure accuracy and reliability.
• User Testing: Conduct user trials to gather feedback on the application’s usability
and effectiveness in finding parking spots.
• Performance Testing: Assess the system's ability to handle multiple users and the
speed of data processing.
• Pilot Implementation: Deploy the system in a small parking lot to monitor its
performance and refine it before full-scale implementation.
• Full-Scale Deployment: Install the smart parking system in a large public or
commercial parking lot.
• System Monitoring: Continuously monitor the system’s performance using cloud-
based analytics to track occupancy, spot usage, and user behavior.
• Maintenance Schedule: Perform periodic maintenance of sensors and controllers to
ensure the system remains fully operational.
 Block diagram:

Exit gate control

Servo
Motor IR sensor

Parking slots
Power Supply
IoT
IR sensor - 4 Platform
Arduino Node
UNO IR sensor - 3 MCU
Esp8266
IR sensor - 2

LCD display IR sensor - 1

15*2

Servo
IR sensor .
Motor
End user
Entry gate control

Fig 1. Block diagram of Smart parking system

Description:

The Smart Parking System Using IoT is designed to provide an efficient, automated solution
for managing parking spaces in urban environments. As vehicle ownership increases, cities
face the growing challenge of traffic congestion and inefficient parking space usage. This
project leverages IoT (Internet of Things) technology to create a real-time parking
management system that enhances the user experience, optimizes space utilization, and
reduces time spent searching for available parking spots.
The system works by installing IoT sensors in each parking space to detect the presence of a
vehicle. These sensors send data to a microcontroller (such as a Raspberry Pi or Arduino),
which processes the information and transmits it to a cloud server via Wi-Fi or LoRa
communication. The cloud server stores and processes the real-time data, making it accessible
to users through a mobile application. The app displays the availability of parking spots,
provides navigation to the nearest vacant space, and optionally support online payment for
parking. The following components which is used:
Arduino UNO: The Arduino UNO acts as the central controller for the system. It is
responsible for managing inputs from sensors and controlling outputs to components such
as motors and displays. It processes all the sensor data and triggers actions accordingly.
IR Sensors (Parking Slots): A set of Infrared (IR) sensors is deployed across the parking
slots to detect the presence or absence of vehicles. There are four IR sensors, each
representing an individual parking slot IR Sensor 1: Monitors the status of the first
parking slot. IR Sensor 2, 3, and 4: Monitor the other slots similarly. When a vehicle
occupies or vacates a slot, the sensor sends signals to the Arduino.
Entry Gate Control: Servo Motor: Controls the physical movement of the entry gate. It
raises the gate when a parking space is available and a vehicle approaches. IR Sensor:
Detects the arrival of a vehicle at the entry gate and triggers the servo motor to open the
gate. It sends data to the Arduino for further processing.
Exit Gate Control: Servo Motor: Similar to the entry gate, the servo motor controls the
movement of the exit gate. IR Sensor: Detects when a vehicle is exiting the parking area
and triggers the servo motor to lift the gate.
NodeMCU ESP8266 (IoT Platform): The NodeMCU ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi module that
connects the system to the IoT platform. It transmits real-time data about the parking slot
status (occupied or vacant) to the cloud. End users can access this data through mobile or
web applications to check parking availability remotely.
LCD Display (15*2): The LCD Display is used to show real-time information about the
number of available parking spots. This display helps drivers easily identify if there are
vacant slots and guides them to park their vehicles.
Power Supply: The Power Supply unit provides the necessary voltage and current to
power the Arduino, sensors, and other components of the system.
End Users: End users, such as drivers, access the system through a mobile or web
interface. This interface communicates with the IoT platform to provide real-time parking
availability information and other related data.

Hardware & Software Requirements:

Hardware Components :-

• IoT Sensors: Ultrasonic or infrared sensors for vehicle detection.

• Microcontroller: Raspberry Pi or Arduino for processing sensor data.
• Communication Module: Wi-Fi or LoRa module for wireless data
transmission.
• Power Supply: For the continuous operation of sensors and controllers.
The system requires a reliable power supply to maintain continuous
monitoring and communication.

Software Components :-

• IoT Cloud Platform: Platforms like ThingSpeak or Blynk are used to store
and visualize the parking data. The IoT platform processes the data
received from the sensors and provides a user-friendly dashboard to
display parking availability.
• Mobile Application: A custom app or web interface is developed to allow
users to view the real-time availability of parking slots. The interface is
connected to the IoT cloud platform, ensuring accurate and up-to-date
information.
• Programming Languages: Python for microcontroller programming,
JavaScript/HTML for app interface.
Conclusion:

This smart parking system provides an efficient, reliable, and user-friendly solution to the
problems faced in urban parking management. By leveraging IoT technology, it reduces
traffic congestion, optimizes parking space usage, and contributes to environmental
sustainability by cutting down emissions related to parking searches. With its scalable
design, the system can be adapted for use in various environments, from shopping malls to
city-wide public parking infrastructures. The use of IR sensors for vehicle detection, servo
motors for gate control, and NodeMCU for IoT connectivity ensures that the system is
automated, user-friendly, and scalable for large parking facilities. The integration with an
IoT platform allows remote monitoring, making it convenient for users to find available
parking spaces before arriving at the location.
Reference :

• Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2021). "A Review of Smart Parking Systems Based on IoT
Technology." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 8(2), 141-154.
• Khatun, M., & Chowdhury, M. (2020). "Smart Parking System: A Review on
Technologies and Approaches." International Journal of Computer Applications,
975, 1-7.
• Rahman, A., & Maula, A. (2019). "IoT-Based Smart Parking System: Design and
Implementation." IEEE Access, 7, 148400-148413.
• Boulila, W., & Khamassi, M. (2020). "IoT Smart Parking: A New Approach to
Urban Mobility." Journal of Urban Technology, 27(1), 43-60.
• Zeng, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2020). "An IoT-Enabled Smart Parking System Based on
Edge Computing." Sensors, 20(12), 3440.
Project: Smart Parking System using IoT

Roles:

• Devanshu Kumar (21BTech(CS)010): Software Developer and Data Analyst

• Sohail Ansari (22BTech(CS)060): Hardware Implementation
• Priyanka Kachhap (21BTech(CS)026): Software Developer
• Shipra Singh (21BTech(CS)029):
• Hardware Implementation