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Section 1: Diversity of Protists
Study Guide B
KEY CONCEPT
Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
VOCABULARY
protist
MAIN IDEA: PROTISTS CAN BE ANIMAL-LIKE, PLANTLIKE, OR
FUNGUSLIKE.
1. Are protists eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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2. Are all protists single-celled? Explain.
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3. Are all protists microscopic? Explain.
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4. How do protists reproduce?
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Write how each category of protists get their food, and whether they are
single-celled, colonial, or multicellular in the table below.
Protist Category How They Get Their Food Body Form
Animal-like protist 5. 6.
7. 8. single-celled, colonial,
or multicellular
9. decomposer (heterotroph) multicellular
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Holt McDougal Biology 0 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 1: Diversity of Protists
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Study Guide B continued
MAIN IDEA: PROTISTS ARE DIFFICULT TO CLASSIFY.
10. What kingdom are protists placed in?
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11. What domain are protists placed in?
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12. Are protists more closely related to animals or to bacteria? Explain.
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13. Look at Figure 1.3. What type of protist is more closely related to animals:
algae or slime molds?
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14. Look again at Figure 1.3. What type of protist is more closely related to plants:
algae or slime molds?
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Vocabulary Check
15. In the 1860s, the scientist Ernst Haeckel first used the term Protista to
categorize all single-celled organisms. How has the meaning of protist
changed since then?
_______________________________________________________________
Sketch it Out
Using the six-kingdom model of classification shown below, draw two circles. One
circle should include all of the prokaryotes. The other circle should include all of
the eukaryotes. Be sure to label both of the groups that you have identified.
Plantae
Animalia
Protista
Archaea
Fungi Bacteria
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Holt McDougal Biology 1 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 1: Diversity of Protists
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Section 2: Animal-Like Protists
Study Guide B
KEY CONCEPT
Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.
VOCABULARY
protozoa cilia
pseudopod
MAIN IDEA: ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS MOVE IN VARIOUS WAYS.
1. What are protists?
_______________________________________________________________
Fill in the table below with characteristics of animal-like protists.
Structure Used for Way of Life Example (sketch and
Movement label)
Flagella free-living, parasites, and 2.
mutualists
3. free-living, parasites 4. amoeba or foraminifera
(draw sketch and label)
5. 6. 7.
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Holt McDougal Biology 2 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 2: Animal-Like Protists
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Study Guide B continued
MAIN IDEA: SOME ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS CAUSE DISEASE.
8. What is the disease caused by the protist Plasmodium?
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9. How is the disease caused by Plasmodium passed to humans?
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10. One protist causes sleeping sickness. What structure does that protist use to
move around?
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11. What protist is common in natural streams and other bodies of water near wild
animal habitats?
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Vocabulary Check
12. A common name that refers to all animal-like protests
_______________________________________________________________
13. Shorter and more numerous than flagella
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14. Means “fake foot”
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Sketch it Out
Use Figure 2.2 and the text to sketch and describe how an amoeba gets its food.
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Holt McDougal Biology 3 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 2: Animal-Like Protists
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Section 3: Plantlike Protists
Study Guide B
KEY CONCEPT
Algae are plantlike protists.
VOCABULARY
algae
MAIN IDEA: PLANTLIKE PROTISTS CAN BE SINGLE-CELLED OR
MULTICELLULAR.
Fill in the table below with characteristics of plantlike protists.
Identifying Single-celled or
Plantlike Protist Where Found Characteristic Multicellular
Euglenoids fresh water, salt 1–2 flagella 1.
water
Dinoflagellates salt water, fresh 2. 3.
water, snow
Diatoms 4. 5. single-celled
Green algae 6. chlorophyll a and b, 7.
carotenoids
Brown algae 8. 9. 10.
Red algae 11. chlorophyll a, 12.
phycoerythrin
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Holt McDougal Biology 4 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 3: Plantlike Protists
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Study Guide B continued
MAIN IDEA: MANY PLANTLIKE PROTISTS CAN REPRODUCE BOTH
SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY.
Choose whether the phrase below best describes asexual reproduction or sexual
reproduction of algae.
asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
________________________ 13. All algae can reproduce this way.
________________________ 14. In Clamydomonas, the entire cycle is haploid
(1n).
________________________ 15. Simple fragmenting.
________________________ 16. In Clamydomonas, this is triggered by
environmental stress.
________________________ 17. Gametes are formed.
________________________ 18. In Clamydomonas, it has both haploid (1n) and
diploid (2n) stages.
Vocabulary Check
19. Are algae plants or protists? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
Sketch it Out
Use Figure 3.7 to sketch the life cycle of a single-celled green algae. Make sure to
label asexual and sexual reproduction.
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Holt McDougal Biology 5 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 3: Plantlike Protists
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Section 4: Funguslike Protists
Study Guide B
KEY CONCEPT
Funguslike protists decompose organic matter.
VOCABULARY
slime mold water mold
MAIN IDEA: SLIME MOLDS AND WATER MOLDS ARE FUNGUSLIKE
PROTISTS.
1. How are funguslike protists different from fungi?
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2. What are the two types of slime molds?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. The protist that causes malaria is called Plasmodium. How is a funguslike
protist plasmodium different than this disease-causing Plasmodium?
_______________________________________________________________
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4. What happens to a plasmodial slime mold when it is under environmental
stress?
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5. What is unusual about the spores released by a slime mold?
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_______________________________________________________________
6. A cellular slime mold produces a pseudoplasmodium, which means “fake
plasmodium.” How is a pseudoplasmodium of a cellular slime mold different
from a plasmodium of a plasmodial slime mold?
_______________________________________________________________
7. What was the cause of the Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1800s?
_______________________________________________________________
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Holt McDougal Biology 6 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 4: Funguslike Protists
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Study Guide B continued
Write where the different funguslike protists can be found, their ecological roles,
and their possible body forms in the table below.
Funguslike
Protist Where Found Ecological Role Body Forms
Plasmodial slime 8. decomposer plasmodium, spore
mold producing
structure, spores
that can move
Cellular slime 9. 10. 11.
mold
Water mold 12. 13. 14.
Vocabulary Check
slime mold water mold
_________________________ 15. can grow as large as a meter or more
_________________________ 16. has a resistant, resting stage
_________________________ 17. can have a cottony appearance
_________________________ 18. releases chemical signals that cause the
cells to swarm together
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Holt McDougal Biology 7 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 4: Funguslike Protists
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Section 5: Diversity of Fungi
Study Guide B
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.
VOCABULARY
chitin fruiting body
hyphae mycorrhizae
mycelium sporangia
MAIN IDEA: FUNGI ARE ADAPTED TO ABSORB THEIR FOOD FROM THE
ENVIRONMENT
1. What are the three informal groups that fungi can be divided into?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What is one way that fungi are similar to insects?
_______________________________________________________________
In the chart below, compare fungi and plants.
Characteristics Fungi Plants
How do they get their 3. 4.
food?
What structures make up hyphae, mycelium, 5.
their bodies? fruiting body
What makes up their cell 6. 7.
walls?
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Holt McDougal Biology 8 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 5: Diversity of Fungi
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Study Guide B continued
MAIN IDEA: FUNGI COME IN MANY SHAPES AND SIZES.
Sketch and label an example of each of the following: sac fungi, bread mold, and
club fungi. Pick figures throughout the chapter as examples for your sketches.
8. Sac Fungus 9. Bread Mold 10. Club Fungus
MAIN IDEA: FUNGI REPRODUCE SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY.
11. List the three ways that yeast can reproduce.
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12. Why are single-celled yeasts classified as sac fungi?
_______________________________________________________________
13. Where can the reproductive structures of a club fungi, called basidia, be found
on a mushroom?
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Vocabulary Check
________________ 14. spore-forming structures of fungi
________________ 15. aboveground reproductive structure of a fungus
________________ 16. a tough polysaccharide that makes up the
cell walls of fungi
________________ 17. symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi
________________ 18. long strands that make up the bodies of
multicellular fungi
________________ 19. a tangled mass of hyphae
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Holt McDougal Biology 9 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 5: Diversity of Fungi
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Section 6: Ecology of Fungi
Study Guide B
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.
VOCABULARY
lichen
MAIN IDEA: FUNGI MAY BE DECOMPOSERS, PATHOGENS, OR
MUTUALISTS.
1. How does the decomposing activity of fungi help ecosystems?
_______________________________________________________________
2. How are fungi well adapted as decomposers?
_______________________________________________________________
3. Fungi are the main decomposers of what two tough plant materials?
_______________________________________________________________
4. What negative effect to human industry may fungi decomposers have?
_______________________________________________________________
5. What are organisms that always cause disease called?
_______________________________________________________________
6. How does overuse or incorrect use of antibiotics contribute to infection by
fungi?
_______________________________________________________________
7. What are two fairly mild infections to humans that are caused by fungi?
_______________________________________________________________
8. What are three diseases of plants that are caused by fungi?
_______________________________________________________________
9. What is usually the source of the chemicals used in antifungal medicines?
_______________________________________________________________
10. Use Figure 6.3 to sketch and label the structure of a lichen in the space
provided.
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Holt McDougal Biology 10 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 6: Ecology of Fungi
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Study Guide B continued
11. What does an associated alga provide to a lichen?
_______________________________________________________________
12. What two roles do lichens play in an ecosystem?
_______________________________________________________________
13. Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi. What
does the fungi provide in this relationship?
_______________________________________________________________
14. How does the fungus benefit by being associated with plant roots as
mycorrhizae?
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15. What are two ways mycorrhizae are beneficial to a plant?
_______________________________________________________________
MAIN IDEA: FUNGI ARE STUDIED FOR MANY PURPOSES.
Fill in the concept map below with details of how humans use fungi for different
purposes.
Uses of fungi
16. 17. molecular biology
18. 20. antibiotics model systems
19.
Vocabulary Check
21. A lichen is a mutualistic relationship between what two types of organisms?
_______________________________________________________________
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Holt McDougal Biology 11 Protists and Fungi
Study Guide B Section 6: Ecology of Fungi
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