viii ◆ Preface

▶ ◆ FIGURE P–2 Section checkup

A typical section opener and section ends each Troubleshooting ◆ 469

section.
review. SECTION 9–6
CHECKUP
1. Describe a basic CMOS inverter.
2. What type of two-input digital CMOS circuit has a low output only when both inputs
are high?
3. What type of two-input digital CMOS circuit has a high output only when both inputs
are low?

Introductory
9–7 T ro u b lE s h o oT i n g
paragraph begins
each section. A technician who understands the basics of circuit operation and who can, if neces-
sary, perform basic analysis on a given circuit is much more valuable than one who is
limited to carrying out routine test procedures. In this section, you will see how to test
a circuit board that has only a schematic with no specified test procedure or voltage
levels. In this case, basic knowledge of how the circuit operates and the ability to do a
quick circuit analysis are useful.

Performance-based After completing this section, you should be able to

Troubleshoot FET amplifiers
section objectives
❑

❑ Troubleshoot a two-stage common-source amplifier

◆ Explain each step in the troubleshooting procedure ◆ Use a datasheet
◆ Relate the circuit board to the schematic

A Two-Stage Common-Source Amplifier

Assume that you are given a circuit board containing an audio amplifier and told simply
that it is not working properly. The circuit is a two-stage CS JFET amplifier, as shown in
Figure 9–50.

+12 V ◀ FIGURE 9 –5 0
A two-stage CS JFET amplifier circuit.
R2 R5
1.5 kV C3 1.5 kV C5

C1 Vout

Vin Q1 0.1 mF Q2 10 mF

0.1 mF
R1 R4
10 MV R3 C2 10 MV R6 C4
240 V 100 mF 240 V 100 mF

The problem is approached in the following sequence.

Step 1: Determine what the voltage levels in the circuit should be so that you know
what to look for. First, pull a datasheet on the particular transistor (assume both
Q1 and Q2 are found to be the same type of transistor) and determine the gm
so that you can calculate the typical voltage gain. Assume that for this particu-
lar device, a typical gm of 5000 mS is specified. Calculate the expected typi-
cal voltage gain of each stage (notice they are identical) based on the typical

Worked Examples, Related Problems, and Circuit Simulation Exercises Numerous

M09_FLOY4447_10_SE_C09.indd 469 28/07/16 5:15 PM

worked-out examples throughout each chapter illustrate and clarify basic concepts or spe-
cific procedures. Each example ends with a Related Problem that reinforces or expands on
the example by requiring the student to work through a problem similar to the example.
Selected examples feature a Multisim® or LT Spice exercise keyed to a file on the compan-
ion website that contains the circuit illustrated in the example. A typical example with a
Related Problem and a Multisim® or LT Spice exercise are shown in Figure P–3. Answers
to Related Problems can be found at: www.pearsonhighered.com/careersresources/

▶ ◆ FIGURE P–3
A typical example with a related The Common-Source Amplifier 447
◆

problem and Multisim®/LT Spice Both circuits in Figure 9–14 used voltage-divider bias to achieve a VGS above threshold.
The general dc analysis proceeds as follows using the E-MOSFET characteristic equation
(Equation 8–4) to solve for ID.

exercise. VGS = a
R2
R1 + R2
b VDD

ID = K(VGS - VGS(th))2
VDS = VDD - IDRD
Examples are set off from The voltage gain expression is the same as for the JFET and D-MOSFET circuits that have
standard voltage-divider bias. The ac input resistance for the circuit in Figure 9–14(a) is

text Rin 5 R1 } R2 } RIN(gate) Equation 9–6

where RIN(gate) = VGS >IGSS.

EXAMPLE 9–9 A common-source amplifier using an E-MOSFET is shown in Figure 9–17. Find VGS, ID,
VDS, and the ac output voltage. Assume that for this particular device, ID(on) = 200 mA
at VGS = 4 V, VGS(th) = 2 V, and gm = 23 mS. Vin = 25 mV.
▶ FIGURE 9 –1 7
VDD
+15 V

Each example contains a R1

4.7 MV
RD
3.3 kV
C2
Vout

related problem relevant

C1
10 mF
Vin
0.01 mF R2 RL

to the example. 820 kV 33 kV

R2 820 kV
Solution VGS = a b VDD = a b 15 V = 2.23 V
R1 + R2 5.52 MV
For VGS = 4 V,
ID(on) 200 mA
K= = = 50 mA>V2

Selected examples include

(VGS - VGS(th))2 (4 V - 2 V)2
Therefore,

a Multisim®/LT Spice ID = K(VGS - VGS(th))2 = (50 mA>V 2)(2.23 V - 2 V)2 = 2.65 mA

VDS = VDD - IDRD = 15 V - (2.65 mA)(3.3 kV) = 6.26 V

exercise coordinated with Rd = RD 7 RL = 3.3 kV 7 33 kV = 3 kV

The ac output voltage is

the circuit simulation files Vout = AvVin = gmRdVin = (23 mS)(3 kV)(25 mV) = 1.73 V

Related Problem For the E-MOSFET in Figure 9–17, ID(on) = 25 mA at VGS = 5 V, VGS(th) = 1.5 V, and
on the website. gm = 10 mS. Find VGS, ID, VDS, and the ac output voltage. Vin = 25 mV.

Open the Multisim file EXM09-09 or the LT Spice file EXS09-09 in the Examples
folder on the website. Determine ID, VDS, and Vout using the specified value of Vin.
Compare with the calculated values.

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