Question 2
MATLAB Code
clc;
clear all;
close all;
Re = 6378;
mu = 3.986*10^5;
r1 = 350 + Re;
r2 = 35786 + Re;
vc1= sqrt(mu/r1);
fprintf('Circular Velocity of home orbit: %.3f km/s\n', vc1 );
T1 = (2*pi*(r1)^(3/2))/(sqrt(mu));
hrs = floor(T1 / 3600); mins = floor(mod(T1, 3600) / 60); secs = mod(T1, 60);
fprintf('Time Period of Home Orbit: %d hrs %d mins %.2f secs\n', hrs, mins, secs);
vc2 = sqrt(mu/r2);
fprintf('Circular Velocity of target orbit: %.3f km/s\n', vc2 );
T2 = (2*pi*(r2)^(3/2))/(sqrt(mu));
hrs = floor(T2 / 3600); mins = floor(mod(T2, 3600) / 60); secs = mod(T2, 60);
fprintf('Time Period of Target Orbit: %d hrs %d mins %.2f secs\n', hrs, mins, secs);
rp = r1;
ra = r2;
a = (rp+ra)/2;
fprintf('Semi major axis: %d km\n', a)
vp=sqrt(mu*((2/rp)-(1/a)));
fprintf('Velocity at periapsis: %.3f km/s\n',vp)
delta_v1 = vp-vc1;
fprintf('1st burn: %.3f km/s \n', delta_v1)
va=sqrt(mu*((2/ra)-(1/a)));
fprintf('Velocity at apoapsis: %.3f km/s\n',va)
delta_v2 = vc2-va;
fprintf('2nd burn: %.3f km/s \n', delta_v2)
e = (ra-rp)/(ra+rp);
fprintf('Eccentricity: %.4f\n',e)
T = (pi*(a)^(3/2))/(sqrt(mu));
hrs = floor(T / 3600); mins = floor(mod(T, 3600) / 60); secs = mod(T, 60);
fprintf('Time for this maneuver: %d hrs %d mins %.2f secs\n', hrs, mins, secs);
Total = delta_v1 + delta_v2;
fprintf('Total change in velocity: %.4f km/s \n' ,Total)
theta = linspace(0, pi, 150); % Half-transfer orbit (0 to π)
% Define circular orbits
x_home = r1 * cos(linspace(0, 2*pi, 300));
y_home = r1 * sin(linspace(0, 2*pi, 300));
x_target = r2 * cos(linspace(0, 2*pi, 300));
y_target = r2 * sin(linspace(0, 2*pi, 300));
% Define elliptical transfer orbit (only half)
r_transfer = a * (1 - e^2) ./ (1 + e * cos(theta)); % Polar form
x_transfer = r_transfer .* cos(theta);
y_transfer = r_transfer .* sin(theta);
% Plot Earth
figure;
hold on; axis equal; grid on;
[xE, yE, zE] = sphere(50);
surf(Re * xE, Re * yE, Re * zE, 'FaceColor', 'b', 'EdgeColor', 'none'); % Earth
% Plot Initial Orbit
plot3(x_home, y_home, zeros(size(x_home)), 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Plot Target Orbit
plot3(x_target, y_target, zeros(size(x_target)), 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Plot Transfer Orbit (Only Half)
plot3(x_transfer, y_transfer, zeros(size(x_transfer)), 'm--', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Plot the Burn Points
plot3(r1, 0, 0, 'bo', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', 'b'); % First Burn at Periapsis
plot3(-r2, 0, 0, 'ro', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r'); % Second Burn at Apoapsis
% Labels
xlabel('X (km)'); ylabel('Y (km)'); zlabel('Z (km)');
title('Hohmann Transfer Visualization (Half-Orbit)');
legend({'Earth', 'Home Orbit', 'Target Orbit', 'Transfer Orbit', '1st Burn (Periapsis)', '2nd Burn
(Apoapsis)'}, 'Location', 'best');
hold off;
Output:
Question 3
MATLAB CODE
clc;
clear all;
close all;
Re = 6378;
mu = 3.986*10^5;
r1 = 20000 + Re;
r2 = 1000 + Re;
vc1= sqrt(mu/r1);
fprintf('Circular Velocity of home orbit: %.3f km/s\n', vc1 );
T1 = (2*pi*(r1)^(3/2))/(sqrt(mu));
hrs = floor(T1 / 3600); mins = floor(mod(T1, 3600) / 60); secs = mod(T1, 60);
fprintf('Time Period of Home Orbit: %d hrs %d mins %.2f secs\n', hrs, mins, secs);
vc2 = sqrt(mu/r2);
fprintf('Circular Velocity of target orbit: %.3f km/s\n', vc2 );
T2 = (2*pi*(r2)^(3/2))/(sqrt(mu));
hrs = floor(T2 / 3600); mins = floor(mod(T2, 3600) / 60); secs = mod(T2, 60);
fprintf('Time Period of Target Orbit: %d hrs %d mins %.2f secs\n', hrs, mins, secs);
ra = r1;
rp = r2;
a = (rp+ra)/2;
fprintf('Semi major axis: %d km\n', a)
va=sqrt(mu*((2/ra)-(1/a)));
fprintf('Velocity at apoapsis: %.3f km/s\n',va)
delta_v1 = vc1-va;
fprintf('1st burn: %.3f km/s \n', delta_v1)
vp=sqrt(mu*((2/rp)-(1/a)));
fprintf('Velocity at periapsis: %.3f km/s\n',vp)
delta_v2 = vp-vc2;
fprintf('2nd burn: %.3f km/s \n', delta_v2)
e = (ra-rp)/(ra+rp);
fprintf('Eccentricity: %.4f\n',e)
T = (pi*(a)^(3/2))/(sqrt(mu));
hrs = floor(T / 3600); mins = floor(mod(T, 3600) / 60); secs = mod(T, 60);
fprintf('Time for this maneuver: %d hrs %d mins %.2f secs\n', hrs, mins, secs);
Total = delta_v1 + delta_v2;
fprintf('Total change in velocity: %.4f km/s \n' ,Total)
theta = linspace(pi, 2*pi, 150); % Half-transfer orbit (pi to 2pi)
% Define circular orbits
theta_full = linspace(0, 2*pi, 300);
x_home = r1 * cos(theta_full);
y_home = r1 * sin(theta_full);
x_target = r2 * cos(theta_full);
y_target = r2 * sin(theta_full);
% Define elliptical transfer orbit (only half)
r_transfer = a * (1 - e^2) ./ (1 + e * cos(theta)); % Polar form
x_transfer = r_transfer .* cos(theta);
y_transfer = -r_transfer .* sin(theta); % Flip the orbit to be above
% Plot Earth
figure;
hold on; axis equal; grid on;
[xE, yE, zE] = sphere(50);
surf(Re * xE, Re * yE, Re * zE, 'FaceColor', 'b', 'EdgeColor', 'none'); % Earth
% Plot Initial Orbit
plot3(x_home, y_home, zeros(size(x_home)), 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Plot Target Orbit
plot3(x_target, y_target, zeros(size(x_target)), 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Plot Transfer Orbit (Only Half) - Now Above!
plot3(x_transfer, y_transfer, zeros(size(x_transfer)), 'm--', 'LineWidth', 2);
% Plot the Burn Points
plot3(-r1, 0, 0, 'bo', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', 'b'); % First Burn on Left Side
plot3(r2, 0, 0, 'ro', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r'); % Second Burn on Right Side
% Labels
xlabel('X (km)'); ylabel('Y (km)'); zlabel('Z (km)');
title('Reverse Hohmann Transfer (Transfer Orbit Above)');
legend({'Earth', 'Initial Orbit', 'Target Orbit', 'Transfer Orbit', '1st Burn (Apoapsis)', '2nd Burn
(Periapsis)'}, 'Location', 'best');
hold off;
Output
Scenario of Hohmann Transfer
