Network Types & Design
By MICHAEL UZOWUIHE
Major Types of Networks
1. Wired Networks:
● Uses cables e.g. the Ethernet.
● Offers a private connection that others can’t access unless they’re
physically connected.
2. Wireless Networks:
● Works without cables, common in homes e.g. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
● Uses frequencies within 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.
Common Wireless Networks
● GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication): powers your phone
network. e.g. 1G-5G
● GPS (Global Positioning System): uses satellites to guide us like maps.
● Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): connects devices like your phone to a network
wirelessly. Hotspots shows the available coverage in a specific area.
● Bluetooth: short-range wireless for connecting gadgets e.g. headphones.
● NFC (Near Field Communication): used in tap-to-pay systems, very short-
range.
Network Architecture
Helps understand vulnerabilities in a network and how attackers exploit them.
● Network Components: devices like computers, routers, and switches that
send and receive data.
● Network Diagrams: visual maps that show how devices are connected in a
network. So, to make sure everything is secure.
Network Devices
● Desktop Computers: each has a unique address to identify it on the
network.
● Firewalls: act as your network’s bodyguard, keeping harmful traffic out.
● Servers: store and share information with other devices.
● Hubs/Switches: direct traffic between devices in a local network. Hubs send
data to all devices, switches to specific ones.
● Routers: connect different networks.
● Modems: connect your home or office to the internet through ISP.
● Wireless Access Points: extends a wireless network for devices to connect.
Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
What are SDNs?: Virtual networks powered by software. Built on basis of the Cloud
Computing Technology
Cloud Provision:
● Software as a Service (SaaS) – Remote access to software.
● Platform as a Service (PaaS) – Tools for application developers.
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – Virtual computer components (e.g., storage)
Benefits:
● Reliable and secure.
● Lower cost and flexible (pay per use model).
● Scalable as your needs grow.
The Home Router
A typical SOHO router has;
● Ethernet Ports: Connect devices like your desktop or printer on the same
local network.
● Internet Port: Links to your modem for internet access.
● Wireless Access Point: Sends Wi-Fi signals around your home.
Router Wireless Settings
Here are the things primarily considered;
● Network Mode: Defines the Wi-Fi standard (e.g., 802.11).
● Network Name (SSID): The Wi-Fi name you see when connecting.
● Channel: The frequency your Wi-Fi uses.
● SSID Broadcast: If others can see your network name or not.
Note: SSID stands for Service Set Identifier.
Configuring a Router: Key Q/A
● What should my network be called? Keep it simple but not too obvious and
avoid use of device models or brand names.
● What type of devices will connect? Ensure they are compatible with the
network standards.
● How to add new devices? Decide on use of security settings like SSID
broadcast or guest access login.
Setting Up a Home Router
● Plug in an Ethernet patch cable between PC and router.
● Connect router's internet port to modem.
● Check for working connection via NIC link lights.
Exercise: Let's finally configure basic things in the router using packet tracer
simulation
Class Activity: Device Connectivity
Task: Configure Wi-Fi, & Bluetooth network on your device.
Security Tips:
● Enable security and use strong encryption like WPA2.
● Never send sensitive info in plain text.
● Use a VPN for extra security.
