Introduction

This paper defines what is the sustainable development and how it is important to
everyone and to the future generations as well. Sustainability is hard to define it is
a lifestyle that people should act upon as well as the organizations so we can all
live in a healthy environment, the paper cover some important aspects of the
sustainable development, its goals and strategies as it wider than that. Defining the
triple bottom line which is the social, environmental and the economical while
giving examples of how organizations can act to eliminate wastes also to not harm
animals as it would harm the people in return as a simple example that not
everyone know is how important to eliminate the use of plastic bags and use paper
instead and how plastic can harm the environment and other actions like recycling.
The paper also covers the three dimensions of the sustainable development that
would make companies eventually reach a sustained competitive advantage, then
the 17 goals of the sustainable development as when everyone begins with himself
and change his lifestyle to reach sustainability, these 17 goals will be achieved.
And finally the paper examines the circular economy as it is connected to 14 SDG
and its principals and actions that would make the society achieve the 14
connected goals to the circular economy.

Sustainable Development:

The word sustainable refers to the ability to keep going over time, as for
Sustainable Development, it is the development in which achieving the present
needs without declining the future generation’s ability to achieve their own needs.

Triple Bottom Line (3Ps):

The triple bottom line, is an accounting framework which includes three parts,
which are the three types of sustainability: the social, the environmental and the
economical. Some organizations adopt this accounting framework to manage and
evaluate the performance in a broader perspective to achieve business value.
The first part is the social bottom line, For instance, 3M organization in partnership
with the United Way to supply stem education worldwide. This effort is an
example of intellectual self-interest and working to benefit others interest in which
eventually benefiting owns self-interest as this project benefit the community and
the coming generations also the organization 3M itself benefits as this project is its
sources of innovators and scientists.

The second part is the environmental bottom line. For instance, the organization
Apple heavily invest in the environmental sustainability. In 2016, the organization
had announced that 93 percent of their energy comes from the renewable energy.
This action had encouraged other tech organization to increase the usage of the
renewable energy sources to power the facilities as well, like Facebook and
Google.

The last part is the economic bottom line which is the profit. For instance, Swedish
furniture giant IKEA reported sales in 2016 totaling $37.6 billion. The same year
the company turned a profit into some of its bestselling products by recycling the
waste. Until this, the company had lost this waste more than $1 million a year. And
the firm is well on its way to "zero landfill waste" worldwide. Joanna Yarrow,
IKEA's head of sustainability for the UK, says, "We 're not doing this because
we're tree huggers; we 're doing this because it's really cost-effective."

Sustainability in business:

The sustainability in business perspective takes into account the profits and returns
on investment and how the operations of business operations affect the
environment, natural resources, and future generations. Business level
sustainability can be seen as taking steps such as recycling and conserving non-
renewable materials and energy use to reduce the negative environmental impact
of a business' operations. While managing operations for reducing negative impact
on the environment is an important part of business sustainability, these types of
activities are increasingly part of a deeper strategic perspective on business
sustainability.

For a variety of reasons businesses are implementing sustainability within the

organization. The benefits of sustainability pursuits can include:

• Reducing the usage and waste of resources and materials, and the related costs.

An example of this is McDonald's elimination of the packaging of hamburgers and

French fries.

• Elimination of regulatory and liability costs. For example, BP might have

prevented massive liability costs associated with the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, with
some investment in

safety measures to protect against environmental catastrophe.

• Product or service differentiation and brand differentiation;

• Creativity Push to create new products and serve new markets. Seventh
Generation developed new products to address environmental concerns of
households and positioned themselves as the leader in that market, sustainable
consumer household products.

• Improving the company's image and reputation with consumers, especially the
growing number of consumers who are concerned about the environment and their
own environmental impacts.
• Increased investor interest. Increasing numbers of investors take firm
sustainability practices into consideration when making their investment decisions.
Companies that

behave with respect for social and environmental issues operate at lower risk and
can positively impact their potential growth levels. For investors these are both
positive factors.

• Increase the attraction and retention of environmentally and sustainability-care

workers.

The three traditions (the dimensions of Sustainable Development)

1. Resource-based view (RBV):
It is the model that views the resources as the main key factor to achieve
outstanding firm performance. The resources are the factors that enables the firm
to gain and sustain the competitive advantage.

In Resource-based view model. The resources are the major role in helping
companies reach higher organizational performance. There are two types of
resources which are
- The first type is Tangible assets. Such things as land, buildings. machinery,
equipment and capital are physical. thereby giving the company long term
advantage as competitors will quickly obtain the same properties.
- The second type is Intangible assets, are everything else that has no physical
presence but can still be owned by the company. For instance, Brand
reputation, trademarks, intellectual property are all intangible assets. Unlike
physical resources, brand reputation is built over a long time and is
something that other companies cannot buy from the market. Intangible
 resources stay with the company and they are the main sources of sustained
competitive advantage.

The two assumptions of the RBV model are that resources must also be
heterogeneous and immobile.
- Heterogeneous. The first assumption is the skills, the capabilities and other
resources that organizations have that are different from one company to
another. If organizations would have the same amount of resources, they
would apply the same strategies and won’t be able to compete with each
other.
- Immobile. The second assumption of RBV is that resources are not mobile
which means they don’t move from one company to another company. Due
to immobility, companies cannot implement the same strategies.

2. VRIO framework are set of questions that reflect whether the resources are
valuable, rare, costly to imitate and non-substitutable and if the answer is
yes to all the questions, then they have a sustained competitive advantages.
Question of valuable. Resources are beneficial as they help firms provide value
to consumers.

- Question of Rarity. Resources that are used by one or few number of

companies are rare.
- Question of Imitability. The resource must be costly to imitate to achieve
sustainable competitive advantage
- Question of Organization. Only the organizations that are capable to exploit
the valuable, rare and imitable resources can achieve sustained competitive
advantage.

3. Competitive advantage
RBV is an approach to achieving competitive advantage that emerged in 1980s and
1990s. The supporters of this view argue that organizations should look inside the
company to find the sources of competitive advantage instead of looking at
competitive environment for it.

Activity based view present information of the quantitative and qualitative

information of the social, the environmental, and the economic impacts that
happens in the internal transformation process, therefore, generate useful
information for decision making and integral sustainability management at all
levels of the organization. It identifies the improvement actions of impacts on the
external environment by considering the objectives of sustainable development.
Furthermore, it offers greater transparency through the communication of the
actions of organizations.
Sustainable development 17 goals (SDGs):

✔ No poverty
✔ Zero hunger
✔ Good wealth and well being
✔ Quality education
✔ Gender equality
✔ Clean water and sanitation
✔ Affordable and clean energy
✔ Decent work and economic growth
✔ Industry innovation and infrastructure
✔ Reduces inequalities
✔ Sustainable cities and communities
✔ Responsible consumption and production
✔ Climate action
✔ Life below water
✔ Life on land
 ✔ Peace and justice strong institutions
✔ Partnership for the goals

Aspects and Goals of Egypt 2030 strategy

Economic KPI (2013) (2030)

GDP growth Rate 2% 12%

Investment rate 14% 30%

Contribution of services 46% 70%

to GDB

Unemployment rate 13% 5%

Sustainable Development Strategy-Sustainable Development Goals

Goal (8.1) Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national
circumstances, and in particular at least 7% per annum GDP growth in the least
developed countries. Goal (8.6) by 2030 substantially reduce the proportion of
youth not in employment, education or training.

Administrative reforms

An efficient and effective administrative body of government, marked by integrity,

openness, fairness and responsiveness, offers quality services and can be kept
accountable, can increase citizen satisfaction, and contributes strongly to the
achievement of the development goals of Egypt and to the improvement of the
status of the Egyptian people. • Improving the working conditions of civil servants
and improving the accountability of government services and increasing citizens'
confidence in public administration • Improving working conditions and wages for
civil servants • New pay structure • Active, impartial and reliable appraisal system
• Early retirement system

ENERGY REFORM MEASURES

• As part of a phased medium-term strategy to reduce these subsidies, the

Government put in place steps to rationalize all subsidies during 2014/15. •
Government released tariff feed renewables to Feed-in-Tariff promote private
investment in this sector Energy Subsidies law • New regulations would help to
slowly deregulate the market

Sustainable Development Strategy-Sustainable Development Goals

Goal (7.1) by 2030 ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern
energy services Goal (7.2) increase substantially the share of renewable energy in
the global energy mix by 2030 Goal (7.3) double the global rate of improvement in
energy efficiency by 2030

Education KPI

Illiteracy decreased to zero (7 per cent), The high enrollment ratio for children
between the ages of 4 and 6 is 80%, The top 500 universities in Egypt have at least
ten institutions, Egyptian universities among the 20 best institutions of higher
education listed in foreign newspapers, Egypt will become one of the TIMMS
evaluation top 10 countries.

Sustainable Development Strategy-Sustainable Development Goals

Goal (4.1) by 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and
quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning
outcomes.

Goal (4.6) by 2030 ensure that all youth and at least x% of adults, both men and
women, achieve literacy and numeracy

Health KPI

Reduce by 50 percent neonatal, infant and under 5 mortality rates, reduce maternal
mortality by 60 percent, achieve equitable access to 80 percent of essential health
interventions, increase government health spending to 5 percent of total GDP,
ensure 100 percent coverage for each vaccination and expand national
immunization schedule.

Sustainable Development Strategy-Sustainable Development Goals

Goal (3.2) by 2030 end preventable deaths of newborns and under-five children
Goal (3.8) achieve universal health coverage (UHC), including financial risk
protection, access to quality essential health care services, and access to safe,
effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all

Social justice/ current achievement

1. Growing Pension 2 for Social Security. Starting a cash transfer system and
rising the number of beneficiaries to 3 million poor families 3. Establishment of
grain exchange and storage logistics hubs to contribute to food security 4. Starting
a social security system-utilizing smart cards 5. Amendment of the social insurance
law to provide farmers with more than one faddan acquisitions with self-employed
social insurance 6. Extending medical care to farmers and farm workers who have
no access to public health care 7. Implementing Takafol and Karama Programs 8.
Launching a comprehensive action plan to develop poorest villages

Sustainable Development Strategy-Sustainable Development Goals

Goal (5) adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the
promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all
levels

Results

1. The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that

someone else will save it.”
2. If it can’t be reduced, reused, repaired, rebuilt,
refurbished, refinished, resold, recycled, or composted,
then it should be restricted, designed or removed from
production.”

Conclusion
science is all about finding ways to live more sustainably, which means using
resources today in a way that maintains their supplies for the future. Environmental
sustainability doesn’t mean living without luxuries but rather being aware of your
resource consumption and reducing unnecessary waste. For instance, items that
you no longer need can get an extended life through resale and donation. By
extending the life of any product, you help reduce dependence on disposable or
cheaply made single-use products that end up in landfills.
REFERENCE
Rourda, N. (2012). Fundamentals of Sustainable Development. Routledge
Publishing.,
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/15262El-Megharbell,%20Egypt%20NSDS
%2020150527.pdf