B. 36.45 Ω D. 38.

45 Ω

PET No.10: Power Systems

A single-phase transmission line 35-km long is

composed of two solid round conductors having a
radius of 0.45-cm each. If the conductors are spaced 4. Determine the GMR of 7-stranded conductor
3.5-m, calculate as shown having a radius of r.
1. The value of the inductance per conductor A. 8.1787r C. 2.1787r
A. 48.35 mH C. 68.35 mH B. 4.1787r D. 6.1787r
B. 58.35 mH D. 78.35 mH

5. A 7-km long, three-phase line has a horizontal

configuration of 5-ft Spacing. The conductor
has a GMR of 0.0355 ft and a resistance of
0.306 Ω per mile. Calculate the line
impedance.
A. 7.04 ∠ 34° Ω C. 5.04 ∠ 74° Ω
B. 3.04 ∠ 64° Ω D. 8.04 ∠ 24° Ω

2. The inductance of the line.

A. 86.7 mH C. 56.7 mH
B. 46.7 mH D. 96.7 mH

A complete transposed 60-Hz three-phase

transmission line has a flat horizontal configuration
and spaced 3-m between adjacent conductors. Each
conductors has a diameter of 1.25 inches. If the
length of the transmission line is 120 km, calculate
6. The capacitance to neutral of the line in farad.
A. 3.22x10-6 Farad C. 9.22x10-6 Farad
B. 1.22x10 Farad D. 5.22x10-6 Farad
-6

3. The reactance of the line.

A. 35.45 Ω C. 37.45 Ω
 B. 97.17% D. 95.41%

9. Conductors which connect the consumer’s

terminals to the distribution
A. Distributors C. Feeders
B. Service mains D. None of these

10. Which of the following materials is not used

for transmission and distribution of electrical
power?
A 3-Φ 3-wire transmission line has an impedance per A. Copper C. Steel
wire of 5+j15Ω. The receiving end has the following B. Aluminum D. Tungsten
loads:
1) 3-Φ induction motor drawing 2,500 kW at 0.8 11. The phenomenon of rise in voltage at the
lagging. receiving end of the open circuited or lightly
2) A capacitor bank drawing 125-amps. loaded line is called the
If the receiving end voltage is 13.8 kV, calculate. A. Seeback effect C. Raman effect
B. Ferranti effect D. Skin effect
7. The sending end voltage
A. 15.86 kV C. 13.86 kV 12. Which of the following is NOT a standard high
B. 14.86 kV D. 12.86 kV voltage (HV)?
A. 115 kV C. 230 kV
B. 138 kV D. 345 kV

13. In short circuit study, the impedance of a 50 MVA,

34.5 kV transformer is 2%. What is the percent
impedance of the transformer at 100 MVA base?
A. 4% B. 2% C. 3% D. 1%

14. A utility supplies electrical energy to an industrial plant

at 13.2 kV from a 20 MVA transformer whose
impedance is 8%. The utility short circuit capacity at
the primary of the transformer is 500 MVA. It is
desired to add 3-phase current limiting resistor on the
secondary of the transformer to limit the initial fault
capacity from the utility to 133 MVA. The reactance in
ohms of the reactor required is
A. 0.333 ohms C. 2.2 ohms
B. 0.261 ohms D. 0.187 ohms

8. The line efficiency

A. 92.71 % C. 95.14%
15. The 33 kV busbars of a station are in two sections A One conductor of a three phase line is open. The current
and B separated by a reactor. A is fed from four 10 flowing to the ∆-connected load through line a is 10 A. With the
MVA generators and each having a reactance of 20% current in line a as reference and assuming that line c is open,
and B is fed from the grid through 50 MVA find the symmetrical components of the line currents.
transformer of 10% reactance. The circuit breakers 18. Find Ia0, Ia1 & Ia2.
have each a capacity 500 MVA. Find the reactance of A. 0, 5.78 /-30o A, 5.78 /30o A
the reactor to prevent the circuit breakers from being B. 0, 8.67/30o A, 8.67/-30o A
overloaded if a symmetrical fault occurs on an C. 0, 2.89/-30o A, 2.89/30o A
outgoing feeder connected to A. Use a base of 50 D. 0, 7.45/30o A, 7.45/-30o A
MVA
A. 0.0946 p.u. C. 0.0508 p.u.
B. 0.0667 p.u. D. 0.0832 p.u.

19. Find Ib1, Ib2 & Ib0.

A. 5.78/-150o A, 5.78/150o A, 0
B. 3.45/150o A, 3.45/-150o A, 0
C. 8.90/-150o A, 8.90/150o A, 0
D. 7.12/150o A, 7.12/-150o A, 0

20. Find the Ic1, Ic2 & Ic0

A. 6.45/90o A, 6.45/-90o A, 0
B. 5.78/90o A, 5.78/-90o A, 0
C. 8.89/-90o A, 8.89/90o A, 0
D. 3.56/-90o A, 3.56/90o A, 0

16. A 34.5 kV station is being planned. The short circuit

study shows that the short circuit impedance at the
point is Z = 0.21 p.u. at 100 MVA base. What shall be
the interrupting capacity of the 34.5 kV breakers to be
installed at the substation?
A. 505.6 B. 422.5 C. 606.6 D. 476.2
21. Which is the worst fault for a power system?
A. Single line to ground fault
B. Line-to-line fault
C. Double line to ground fault
D. Symmetrical fault

22. The rating of a circuit breaker is generally determine

on the basis of
A. Single line to ground fault current
B. Line-to-line fault current
C. Double line to ground fault current
17. The available short circuit MVA at a certain point on D. Symmetrical fault current
an electric system is 400 MVA. A 25 MVA, 34.5
kV/6.24 kV, 2% reactance, Y-Y transformer is 23. A balanced 3-phase system consists of
installed at the location. The short circuit MVA at the A. Positive sequence components only
secondary side of the transformer is nearest to B. Zero sequence currents only
A. 310 B. 303 C. 307 D. 314 C. Negative and zero sequence currents
D. Zero, negative and positive sequence currents

24. When ‘a’ is the operator, then 1 + a + a 2

A. 1 B. 0 C. -1 D. √3
25. The purpose of using reactors in electrical circuits is
A. Absorb reactive power in transmission lines
B. Limit the magnitude of short-circuit current
C. Suppress arcing grounds
D. Any of the above

26. Reactors for the protection of transmission lines are

connected in
A. Series C. Delta
B. Parallel D. Star
27. The positive, negative, and zero sequence respectively. Determine the ohms of inductive
reactances of a 20 MVA, 13.2 kV unloaded reactance to be inserted in the neutral
alternator are 0.30 p.u., 0.20 p.u. and 0.10 p.u., connection of the generator to limit the
respectively. The generator is solidly grounded. subtransient line current for a single line to
A single line-to-ground fault occurs on one ground fault to that for a 3-phase fault
phase. Determine the fault current A. 0.182 ohm C. 0.320 ohm
A. 3464 A C. 3838 A B. 0.242 ohm D. 0.363 ohm
B. 4374 A D. 4562 A
For the single line to ground fault
For single line to ground fault, 1
1 1 I a 1=
I a 1= = Z 0 + Z1 + Z 2+3 Z n
Z 0 + Z1 + Z 2 .10+.30+.20 3
I a 1=¿ 1.667 p.u. I a=3 I a 1=
0.05+0.2+0.2+3 Z n
For three phase fault
Ipu = 3 I a 1 = 3(1.667) = 5 p.u. 1 1
I a= =
S base 20,000 kVA Z 1 0.2
I base= =
√3 (V base) √ 3(13.2 kV )
Equate the p.u. of single line to ground fault and
I base=¿ 874.77 A three phase fault
3 1
If = Ibase Ipu = (874.77 A)(5) =
0.05+0.2+0.2+3 Z n 0.2
If = 4373.87 A
Z n=¿ 0.05 p.u.
28. A generator rated 100 MVA, 20 kV has positive,
negative and zero sequence reactances of 20%, Z actual
20% and 5%, respectively. Its neutral is Z n= 2
grounded through a reactor of 0.32 ohm. The ( V base )
generator is operating at rated voltage without Sbase
load and is disconnected from the system when
subtransient current in the faulted phase
Z actual
0.05=
A. 15226.35 A C. 14227.60 A ( 22 kV )2
B. 17598.67 A D. 12551.46 A
100 MVA
At Sbase = 100 MVA, Vbase = 20 kV Z actual=¿ 0.242 Ω
Solve for the p.u. of reactor
Z actual
Z n= 2
( V base ) 30. A 10000 kVA, 6.9 kV has percentage reactances
Sbase to positive, negative and zero sequence currents
of 10%, 7% and 3%, respectively and its neutral
0.32 Ω is solidly grounded. Calculate the fault current
Z n=
( 20 kV )2 occurs between phases b and c. Phase
sequence is a-b-c.
100 MVA A. 7985 A C. 8252 A
Z n=¿ 0.08 p.u. B. 9135 A D. 8521 A

For single line to ground fault, For line to line fault,

1 1 1
I a 1= I a 1= = =5.88
Z 0 + Z1 + Z 2+3 Z n Z 1 +Z 2 0.10+0.07
1 I a 2=− I a 1=−5.88
I a 1=
.2+.2+.05+ 3 ( 0.08 )
I a 1=¿ 1.4493 p.u. At phase b,
2
I pu=a I a1 + a I a 2
Ipu = 3 I a 1 = 3(1.4493) = 4.3478 p.u. I pu=¿ (1 ∠ 240)(5.88) + (1∠ 120)( – 5.88)
S base 100,000 kVA I pu=¿10.184 ∠ - 90
I base= =
√3 (V base) √ 3(20 kV )
S base
10,000 kVA
I base=¿ 2886.75 A I base= =
√ base √ 3(6.9 kV )
3 (V )
If = Ibase Ipu = (2886.75)(4.3478) I base=¿ 836.7395 A
If = 12551.09 A
If = Ibase Ipu = (836.7395 A)(10.184)
If = 8521.36 A
29. A 60-Hz turbo generator is rated 100 MVA, 22
kV. It is Y-connected and solidly grounded and
is operating at rated voltage and no load. It is 31. A 20-MVA. 13.8 kV alternator has X 1 = X 2 =
disconnected from the rest of the system. Its
positive, negative, and zero sequence 20%, and X 0 = 5%. Its neutral is grounded
reactances are 0.20, 0.20 and 0.05, p.u., through a reactance of 0.162 ohm. The
generator is operated at rated voltage without
 ( )
load when a line-to-line fault develops terminal b Z2
and c. Determine the fault current I a 0=I a 1
A. 3623 A C. 3872 A Z 0 +Z 2

( 0.1+0.20.2 )
B. 3023 A D. 3434 A
I a 0=(2.727)
For line to line fault,
1 1 I a 0=¿ 1.818
I a 1= = =2.5
Z 1 +Z 2 0.2+ 0.2
I a 2=− I a 1=− 2.5 I pu=3 I a 0 =¿ 3(1.818) = 5.454
S base 20,000 kVA
I base= =
At phase b,
2
√3 (V base) √ 3(13.2 kV )
I pu=a I a1 + a I a 2 I base=¿ 874.77 A
I pu=¿ (1 ∠ 240)(2.5) + (1∠ 120)( – 2.5)
I pu=¿4.33 ∠ - 90 If = Ibase Ipu = (874.77 A)(5.454)
If = 4771 A
S base20,000 kVA
I base= =
√ base √ 3(13.8 kV )
3 (V )
I base=¿ 836.7395 A 34. A 15 MVA, 6.6 kV, wye connected generator has
X 1 = X 2 = 20% and Z0 = 10%. The neutral of
If = Ibase Ipu = (836.7395 A)(4.33) = 3623.08 A the generator is grounded through a reactor of
5% reactance based on the generator rating. A
double line-to-ground fault occurs at terminals b
32. A 20 MVA, 13.2 kV synchronous generator has
and c. What is the current in the ground?
X 1 = X 2 = 25% and X0 = 5%. The neutral of the A. 6630 A C. 5624 A
generator is grounded through a reactance of B. 4825 A D. 5996 A
0.20 ohm. The generator is operated without
load and at rated voltage. A line-to-line fault For double line to ground fault
occurs at its terminals. The fault current is 1
nearest to I a 1=
A. 2845 A C. 2525 A (Z ¿ ¿ 0+3 Z n)
Z 1 +Z 2 ¿
B. 3535 A D. 3030 A Z 2+ Z 0 +3 Z n
1
For line to line fault, I a 1=
1 1 ( 0.2 ) ( 0.1+3 ( 0.05 ) )
I a 1= = =2 0.2+
Z 1 +Z 2 0.25+0.25 0.2+0.1+3 ( 0.05 )
I a 2=− I a 1=− 2 I a 1=¿ 3.214 p.u.

( )
At phase b, Z2
2
I pu=a I a1 + a I a 2 I a 0=I a 1
Z 0 +3 Z n + Z 2
I pu=¿ (1 ∠ 240)(2) + (1∠ 120)( – 2)
I pu=¿3.464 ∠ - 90 I a 0=(3.214)
( 0.2
0.1+3 ( 0.05 ) +0.2 )
S base I a 0=¿ 1.429
20,000 kVA
I base= =
√3 (V base) √ 3(13.2 kV ) I pu=3 I a 0 =¿ 3(1.429) = 4.286
I base=¿ 874.77 A S base 15,000 kVA
I base= =
If = Ibase Ipu = (874.77 A)(3.464) √3 (V base) √ 3(6.6 kV )
If = 3030.21 A I base=¿ 1312.16 A

If = Ibase Ipu = (1312.16 A)(4.286)

33. A double line-to-ground fault occurs on the If = 5623.54 A
terminals of the generator from problem no. 1.
Determine the line-to-ground current. The
35. Interrupting medium in a circuit breaker may be
generator is unloaded
A. 5236 A C. 4545 A A. air C. SF6
B. 4771 A D. 5045 A B. oil D. Any of these

For double line to ground fault 36. A fuse is normally a

1 1 A. Current limiting device
I a 1= = B. Voltage limiting device
Z2 Z0 ( 0.2 )( 0.1 ) C. Power limiting device
Z1+ 0.3+ D. Power factor correcting device
( Z 2 +Z 0 ) 0.2+0.1
I a 1=¿ 2.727 p.u. 37. MHO relay is used for
A. Transmission lines
B. Feeders
C. Alternators
D. Transformers

38. The most common type of three phase in

unsymmetrical fault is
A. Single line to ground
B. Line to line
C. Double line to ground
D. Three phase

39. A relay performs the function of

A. Fault isolation
B. Fault detection
C. Fault prevention
D. All are correct

40. What is the relay no. of differential relay?

A. 83 B. 85 C. 86 D. 87