CH - SOUND

Define the terms:

1. Sound: It is a form of energy which produces in us the sensation of hearing.

2. Amplitude: The maximum distance through which a vibrating body is displayed

from its normal or mean position.

3. Frequency: It is the number of vibrations made by a vibrating body in 1 second.

4. Time period: It is the time taken by a vibrating particle to complete one

vibration.

5. Ultrasonic: Vibrations having frequency above 20,000 Hz.

TEXTUAL EXERCISE

Q.1-Q.4 Refer to text book

Q.7. Identify the part which vibrates to produce the sound in the following
instruments.

A.7. Musical instrument Vibrating part producing sound

I ) Dholak Stretched membrane

ii) Sitar Stretched string

iii) Flute Air column

iv) Veena Stretched string

v) Tabla Stretched membrane

Q.8. What is the difference between noise and music? Can music become noise
sometimes?

A.8. Noise Music

ii) It causes discomfort to the It has a soothing effect on the

human ear. ear.

iii) It can lead to health problems No health problems are associated

with it.

If the sound becomes too loud, it would be unpleasant to hear and it becomes
noise.

Q.9. List sources of noise pollution in your surroundings.

A.9. The disturbance produced in our environment by the presence of excessive

Or undesirable loud sounds of various kinds /forms is referred to as

Noise pollution.

Major causes of noise pollution are -

i) The motor vehicles running on the road produce noise pollution by blowing

horns and sounds of their engines.

ii) The bursting of crackers on various social and religious occasions.

iii) The playing of loud speakers and bands at marriages and other social
functions.

iv) The construction of buildings in the surroundings.

v) The loud playing of stereo-systems and television (at high volume)

vi) Some household appliances like mixer, grinder and air conditioners.

Q.10. Explain in what way noise pollution is harmful to human beings.

A.10. Excessive noise in the surroundings can cause many health related problems
 The effects of noise pollution are:

i) Lack of concentration of mind.

ii) Lack of sleep, hypertension, nervousness, anxiety, decrease in ability to

memorize, extreme emotional behavior irritation and headache.

iii) A person who is exposed to loud sounds continuously may get temporary

or permanent impairment of hearing.

Q.11. Your parents are going to buy a house. They have been offered one on the
roadside and another three lanes away from the roadside. Which house would
you suggest your parents should buy? Explain your answer.

A.11.Parents should buy a house three lanes away from the roadside because

Roadside house has many disadvantages as

i) Lot of noise due to the passing vehicle.

ii) Smoke and dust produced by running vehicles.

iii) Sound of loud horns of vehicles at the time of traffic jam.

Q.12. Sketch larynx and explain its function in your own words.

A.12. Sketch of larynx.

Functions of larynx:

In humans the sound is produced by the voice box or the larynx present

at the upper end of the windpipe.

i) Two vocal cords are stretched across the voice box or larynx in such a
way that it leaves a narrow slit between them for the passage of air.
ii) When the lungs force air through the slit, the vocal cords vibrate ,
producing sound.
 iii) The change in the frequency of sound is due to the action of muscles

attached to the vocal cords in the voice box. When the muscles contract

and stretch, the vocal cords become tight and thin, and a high frequency

sound is produced. When the muscles relax, the vocal cords become loose

and thick, and a sound of low frequency is produced.

Q.13. Lightning and thunder take place in the sky at a same time and at a same
distance from us. Lightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later. Can you
explain why?

A.13.Both lightning and thunder really occur together.

i) The reason for the delay in hearing the thunder is due to the difference in

speed of sound and light.

ii) The speed of sound in air is nearly 330m/s, whereas speed of light is as

high as 3 lakh km/sec. Light thus reaches us faster than the sound.

iii) Hence when lightning and thunder occur together the flash of light
 reaches us in zero time, whereas the sound of thunder takes a few
seconds to reach us.

We therefore hear the thunder a little later after seeing the flash of light.

EXTRA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the uses of ultra sonic sound?

i) In medical field: The ultra sound waves are used in the treatment of
muscular pain, arthritis.
They are used to study the growth of foetus (developing baby) inside
the mother’s womb.
ii) In agriculture: They are used to control pests in the fields.

2. Which property of vibrations determines the pitch of the sound? Explain by

The frequency determines the shrillness or pitch of a sound.

I) If the frequency of vibration is higher the sound has a higher pitch, if it is

Lower the sound has a lower pitch.

ii) For example the drum vibrates with a low frequency and therefore produces

a low pitched sound.

iii) A whistle has a high frequency and therefore produces a high pitched sound.

iv) A bird makes a high pitched sound whereas a lion makes a low pitched

sound.

However the roar of a lion is very loud while the sound of the bird is quite feeble.
 \

Numericals:

Q.5. A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and
frequency.

A.5. No. of oscillations = 40

Total time = 4 seconds

Frequency= number of oscillation per second

= 40/4=10 Hz

Time period= time taken to complete one oscillation

= total time

Total number of oscillations in a second( frequency)

= 4/40=0.1 second

[OR]

Time period = 1/Frequency

= 1/10

= 0.1 second

Q.6.The sound from a mosquito is produced when it vibrates its wings at an

Time taken =1 second

So, frequency = 500 Hz

Time period = Time taken to complete one vibration.

= total time/total number of vibration in a second( frequency)

= 1/500=0.002 sec

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