CNC Machine

Prepared By:

Musaddik Rahman Jaowad

Lecturer
Department of NAME, MIST
 DEFINITION

CNC – Computerized Numerical Control

A CNC machine is a highly automated tool used in manufacturing that relies on pre-programmed software and code to
control the movement and operation of machinery and tools.

1
 FEATURES

Some of the key features of CNC Machine:

• Automation: CNC machines automate manual machining tasks, increasing efficiency and reducing human error.
• Precision: These machines deliver high accuracy and repeatability, which is essential for producing consistent
parts.
• Versatility: CNC machines can work with various materials such as metal, plastic, wood, and composites.
• Customizability: They use CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software
to design and execute complex shapes and patterns.
• Multi-Axis Movement: Advanced CNC machines can move tools in multiple axes (e.g., 3-axis, 5-axis) for
intricate designs and operations.

2
 IMPROVEMENT AREAS
Major areas where CNC users can and should expect improvement includes:

Setup time reduction

Lead time reduction

Accuracy and repeatability

Contouring of complex shapes

Simplified tooling and work holding

Consistent cutting time

General productivity increase 3

 TYPES OF CNC MACHINES
A brief list of some of the groups CNC machines can be part of:

Mills and Machining Lathes and Turning

Flame cutting machines Routers
centers centers

Boring mills and Water jet and Laser

Drilling machines Cylindrical grinders
Profilers profilers

Punch presses and Benders, Winding and

EDM wire machines Welding machines
Shears Spinning machines, etc.

4
 CNC MILLING MACHINE
Milling machine is a machine capable of a simultaneous cutting motion, using an end mill as the primary cutting tool,
along at least two axes at the same time.

Fig. Schematic representation of a CNC vertical machining center

5
CNC MILLING MACHINE - SPECIFICATIONS

6
CNC MILLING MACHINE - SPECIFICATIONS

7
CNC MILLING MACHINE - SPECIFICATIONS

8
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Improved productivity and efficiency

High initial investment cost

Higher precision and quality of parts

Requires skilled operators and programmers

Reduced waste material

Maintenance can be complex

Lower labor costs over time

9
 APPLICATIONS

Naval Architecture: Manufacturing complex boat/ship

components

Aerospace: Manufacturing complex aircraft components

Automotive: Producing engine parts, gears, and custom

components

Medical: Creating surgical tools, implants, and prosthetics

Electronics: Manufacturing circuit boards and enclosures

10
 KEY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE PURCHASING

1. Purpose of the Machine

a. What tasks will the machine perform? (e.g., milling, turning, cutting, engraving, drilling)
b. What materials will you work with? (e.g., steel, aluminum, wood, plastic, composites)

2. Workpiece Specifications
a. Size of the Workpiece: Maximum dimensions (length, width, height).
b. Weight of the Workpiece: Ensure the machine can handle the load.
c. Precision and Tolerance: Required accuracy (e.g., ±0.01 mm).
d. Surface Finish: Quality level needed.

3. Machine Type
a. What type of CNC machine is suitable?
i. CNC Mill, Lathe, Router, Plasma Cutter, Laser Cutter, etc.
b. Number of Axes Required:
i. 3-axis (basic operations)
ii. 4-axis or 5-axis (complex operations, multi-directional cuts)
11
 KEY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE PURCHASING

4. Machine Specifications
a. Work Envelope: X, Y, and Z travel distances.
b. Spindle Speed and Power:
i. Does the spindle have enough power to cut the materials you’ll use?
ii. Required speed range (RPM).
c. Tool Capacity: Number of tools the machine can handle (if it's a milling machine).
d. Control System: Ensure compatibility with your preferred software

5. Software and Programming

a. CAD/CAM Software Compatibility: Is the machine compatible with your design software?
b. G-Code Format: Is the machine’s controller compatible with your post-processor?

6. Production Volume
a. Batch Size: Low-volume (prototyping) or high-volume (mass production)?
b. Cycle Time: Speed of operation for productivity
12
 KEY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE PURCHASING
7. Power and Space Requirements
a. Electrical Requirements: Voltage and power supply.
b. Machine Footprint: Space needed for installation.
c. Weight: Can your facility support the machine’s weight?

8. Support and Maintenance

a. Warranty: Duration and coverage.
b. Service Support: Availability of local technicians and spare parts.
c. Training: Does the seller provide operator training?

9. Budget Constraints
a. Initial Cost: Machine price.
b. Operational Costs: Power consumption, maintenance, tooling, etc.
c. Return on Investment: How quickly can the machine pay for itself?

10. Additional Features

a. Automation: Does it support automatic tool changers (ATCs) or robotic integration?
b. Safety Features: Emergency stops, protective enclosures, etc.
c. Coolant System: Required for machining certain materials like metals. 13