PRACTICE TEST 434

PART A. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Section 1. Choose the correct option marked A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Not until the last week of the course _______________ the format of the final test.
A. did the teacher mention B. that the teacher mentioned
C. the teacher mentioned D. when did the teacher mention
2. By the time you come back next year, a new stadium _______________ in our province.
A. must have built B. will need being built
C. will have been building D. will have been built
3. I have never seen _______________ before. I’ll definitely take my kids there next time.
A. such good film B. so good film C. so good a film D. such good a film
4. In her time, Isadora Duncan was _______________ today a liberated woman.
A. what calling we would B. who would be calling
C. what we would call D. she would call her
5. David is asking Lora to lend him her mobile phone.
- David: “Do you mind if I use your mobile phone for a while?”
- Lora: “_______________.”
A. It serves you right B. Yes, here you are
C. Don’t mention it D. Be my guest cứ tự nhiên đi
6. Two friends David and Tom are talking about their last driving test. Select the most suitable response to
complete the exchange.
- David: "I failed my driving test yesterday."
- Tom: "_______________ "
A. You should try your hand at it. B. I wish that we could talk about it.
C. Oh well. You're in a good company. D. You want to pass the test. Dream on!
7. When parents are stressed at work, they sometimes _______________ their children.
A. take it out on trút giận B. miss it out on C. have it in for D. make it
out of
8. _______________ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a short presentation.
A. Selecting B. Being selected C. Having been selected D. Having selected
9. I _______________ for them, but I didn't like the way they treated the customers, so I quitted.
A. should have worked B. can’t have worked
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 C. must have worked D. could have worked
10. Although he _______________ being passed over for promotion last year, Mark has decided to focus on
improving his skills rather than holding a grudge.
A. has a chip on his shoulder about B. bursts at the seams for
C. goes to his head for D. beats about the bush about
11. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly _______________ this morning.
A. top-heavy B. off-hand C. slow-witted chậm hiểu D. far-reaching
12. _______________ that Helen was getting married, we were sorry she’d be leaving home.
A. Delighted though we were B. As we were delighted
C. However delighted were we D. As we were so delighted
13. Everyone knows about pollution problems, but not many people have _______________ any solutions.
A. thought over B. come up with C. looked into D. got round to
14. _______________ to school by bus as they are not old enough to ride motorbikes.
A. Many the students go B. Many a student goes
C. Many of the students goes D. Much students go
15. It is the recommendation of many psychologists _______________ to associate words and remember
names.
A. that a learner must use mental images B. mental images are used
C. that a learner uses mental images D. that a learner use mental images
16. Please send us your CV, letter of application, and some kind of identities such as your birth
_______________ or your ID card.
A. diploma B. license C. degree D. certificate
17. I think that Tom was one of the fastest runner in the marathon yesterday, _______________?
A. wasn’t he B. was he C. isn’t he D. did he
18. It is desirable that the hotel manager remember to call the _______________ staff every 6 months to
clean up the air conditioners.
A. maintaining B. maintain C. maintainable D.
maintenance
19. It’s crucial to _______________ a balance between work and personal life for overall well-being.
A. hit B. strike C. beat D. clash
20. As soon as the bomb was discovered by one of the cleaning staff, the police had the area
_______________ off and no-one was allowed within two blocks of the cafe.
A. fenced B. cordoned C. walled D. isolated
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Section 2. Supply the correct form of the word in brackets. Write your answers in corresponding
numbered boxes.
21. As the pace of ___technological__ development advances at ever greater speeds, society has had to come
to terms with some exceedingly rapid changes. (TECHNOLOGY)
22. When a boy, Bob was a very ___unattentive____ student and seemed to spend most of the time looking
out of the window. (ATTEND)
23. We do not ___differentiate__ between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin.
(DIFFER)
24. Many of the immigrants have intermarried with the island's original __inhabitants___. (INHABIT)
25. “How to win friends and influence people” is really a(n) ____unputdownable___ book for all
generations of readers. (PUT)
26. Sometimes a sympathetic friend can be a constant source of discouragement, all __unknowingly_____.
(KNOW)
27. This dictionary has achieved international recognition as a(n) ___indispensable___ reference book for
English learners. (DISPENSE)
28. The sprawling factory compound, all grey dormitories and ____weather-beaten__ warehouses, blends
seamlessly into the outskirts of the Shenzjen megalopolis. (WEATHER)
29. ___non-biodegradable__ items are items that cannot decay or be broken down by living organisms.
(DEGRADE)
30. The Age of Enlightenment was one of the great inventions and revolutionary ___discoveries__.
(DISCOVERY)

Section 3. Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions, then
correct them. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
31. Ours brains are incredibly agile machines, and it's hard to think of anything they do more efficient than
recognize face.
A. incredibly B. anything C. more efficient D. recognize
32. People who watched a sports event on TV, with all their movement and action, valued the still image as a
reminder of the game.
A. who B. sports event C. their D. a
reminder

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33. The production process from first plan by author until delivery to the printer has been doing electrically
for a while now.
A. production B. delivery C. doing D. for a while
34. Ice covers roughly ten percent of the earth’s land surface, which is about the same number as farms.
A. covers B. percent C. which D. number
35. A panel of uninterested judges who had never met the contestants before judged the singing contest.
A. uninterested B. who C. contestants D. judged
36. Speech is really such integral a form of human activity that it cannot be regarded as an entity in itself.
A. such B. that C. entity D. itself
37. Jane Addams, social worker, author, and spokeswoman for the women’s suffrage Movements, receiving
the Nobel peace prize in 1939 for her humanitarian achievements.
A. author B. spokeswoman C. receiving D. humanitarian
38. In the last 10 years, Vietnamese government has increased its GDP growth rate to about 2,91%.
A. In B. Vietnamese C. has D. growth rate
39. Among other significant contributions the army made to the improvement of the Conditions of life were
the investigation of the relationships among health, climate, and architecture.
A. other B. made C. were D. the
40. Sightings of this species of bird have been few and far behind, even in nature reserves.
A. sightings B. species C. have D. behind

PART B. READING
Section 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
Over the past fifty years or so, the methods used for collecting money from the public to aid the
developing world have changed out for all recognition, along with the gravity of the problems (1)
_______________, and the increasing awareness among the population that something must be done. At the
beginning of this period, it would have been common to put money in a collecting box, perhaps on the street
or at church. The 1960s saw the (2) _______________ of shops which sold second-hand goods, donated by
the public, and which also began to sell articles manufactured in the developing world in charitable projects
set up to guarantee a fair income to local people. The next development was probably the charity ‘event’, in
which participants were (3) _______________ to run, cycle, swim or what have you, and collected money
from friends and relatives (4) _______________ how far or long they managed to keep going. The first hint
of what was to become the most successful means of (5) _______________ money was the charity record,
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where the artists donated their time and talent, and the (6) _______________ from the sales went to a good
cause. This was perhaps a (7) _______________ of the fact that young people felt increasingly concerned
about the obvious differences between life in Europe and the United States, and that in most of Africa, for
example. A feeling of frustration was building up. Why was so little being done? The huge success of Band
Aid, and (8) _______________ televised concerts, showed the power of the media, and of music in
particular, to inspire and shock. It differed significantly in style from other events. People phoned up in their
thousands on the day and pledged money by (9) _______________ their credit card numbers. (10)
_______________, if you have enough money to buy an MP3 player, you can afford something for the
world’s starving children.
1. A. faced B. covered C. opposed D. approached
2. A. occurrence B. entrance C. happening D. advent
3. A. supported B. funded C. sponsored D. promoted
4. A. in as much as B. according to C. with reference to D. as regard
5. A. increasing B. lifting C. boosting D. raising
6. A. produce B. proceeds C. receipts D. returns
7. A. consideration B. reflection C. view D. display
8. A. subsequent B. consequent C. attendant D. relevant
9. A. mentioning B. quoting C. affirming D. recalling
10. A. Anyway B. After all C. Although D. At any rate

Section 2. Read the following passage and think of a word which best fits each space. Use only ONE
word for each space. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
It can take a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however talented you are. One
thing you have to be (11) __aware_ of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world is (12)
___full___ of people who would rather say something negative than positive. If you’ve made up your (13)
___mind___ to achieve a certain goal, such as writing a novel, don’t let the negative criticism of (14)
_____that__ prevent you from reaching your target, and let the constructive criticism have a positive effect
on your work. If someone says you’re totally in the (15) __lack___ of talent, ignore them. That’s negative
criticism. If (16), __however___, someone advises you to revise your work and gives you a good reason for
doing so, you should consider their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars (17) ___who___ were
once out of work . There are many famous novelists who made a complete mess of their first novel – or who
didn’t, but had to keep on approaching hundreds of publishers (18) ___before__ they could get it published.
Being successful does depend on luck, to a (19) __certain__ extent. But things are (20) __more___ likely to
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turn out well if you persevere and stay positive.

Section 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered
boxes.
Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures,
especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems
unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds
almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is
considered supremely edible by gourmets?
For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet
of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet under rocks in shallow water, or on
the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores it has the ability to suck
up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.
Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-color and
nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber- shaped-hence
their name-and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables
them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.
Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to
become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate-feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the
marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they
would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.
But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies
are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached
structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even
touched; it will do the same if surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too
polluted.
21. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The reason for the sea cucumber's name B. What makes the sea cucumber unusual
C. How to identify the sea cucumber D. Places where the sea cucumber can be found
22. In line 3, the word "bizarre" is closest meaning to _______________.
A. odd khác thường B. marine C. simple D. rate
23. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?
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 A. It helps them to digest their food
B. It helps them to protect themselves from danger
C. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud
D. It makes them attractive to fish.
24. The words "this faculty" in paragraph 4 refer to the sea cucumber's ability to _______________.
A. squeeze into crevices B. devour all available food in a short time
C. suck up mud or sand D. live at a low metabolic rate
25. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses _______________.
A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers B. the food sources of sea cucumbers
C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers D. threats to sea cucumbers’ existence
26. The phrase "casts off" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______________.
A. grows again B. grabs C. gets rid of D. uses as a weapon
27. Of all the characteristics of the sea cucumber, which of the following seems to fascinate the author most?
A. What it does when threatened B. Where it lives
C. How it hides from predators D. What it eats
28. What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?
A. They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli B. They are almost useless
C. They require group cooperation D. They are similar to those of most sea
creatures.
29. Which of the following would not cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?
A. A touch B. Food C. Unusually warm water D. Pollution
30. Which of the following is an example of behavior comparable with the sea cucumber living at a low
metabolic rate?
A. An octopus defending itself with its tentacles B. A bear hibernating in the winter
C. A pig eating constantly D. A parasite living on its host's blood

Section 4. The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs
B-G from the list of headings below. Write your answers A, B, C or D in the corresponding numbered
boxes.
BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN
A. One misguided legacy of over a hundred years of writing on bilingualism is that children’s intelligence
will suffer if they are bilingual. Some of the earliest research into bilingualism examined whether bilingual
children were ahead or behind monolingual children on IQ tests. From the 1920s through to the 1960s, the
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tendency was to find monolingual children ahead of bilinguals on IQ tests. The conclusion was that bilingual
children were mentally confused. Having two languages in the brain, it was said, disrupted effective
thinking. It was argued that having one well-developed language was superior to having two half-developed
languages.
B. The idea that bilinguals may have a lower IQ still exists among many people, particularly monolinguals.
However, we now know that this early research was misconceived and incorrect. First, such research often
gave bilinguals an IQ test in their weaker language – usually English. Had bilinguals been tested in Welsh or
Spanish or Hebrew, a different result may have been found. The testing of bilinguals was thus unfair.
Second, like was not compared with like. Bilinguals tended to come from, for example, impoverished New
York or rural Welsh backgrounds. The monolinguals tended to come from a more middle-class, urban
families. Working-class bilinguals were often compared with middle-class monolinguals. So, the results were
more likely to be due to social class differences than language differences. The comparison of monolinguals
and bilinguals was unfair.
C. The most recent research from Canada, the United States, and Wales suggests that bilinguals are, at least,
equal to monolinguals on IQ tests. When bilinguals have two well-developed languages (in the research
literature called balanced bilinguals), bilinguals tend to show a slight superiority in IQ tests compared with
monolinguals. This is the received psychological wisdom of the moment and is good news for raising
bilingual children. Take, for example, a child who can operate in either language in the curriculum in the
school. That child is likely to be ahead on IQ tests compared with similar (same gender, social class and age)
monolinguals. Far from making people mentally confused, bilingualism is now associated with a mild
degree of intellectual superiority.
D. One note of caution needs to be sounded. IQ tests probably do not measure intelligence. IQ tests measure
a small sample of the broadest concept of intelligence. IQ tests are simply paper and pencil tests where only
‘right and wrong’ answers are allowed. Is all intelligence summed up in such right and wrong, pencil and
paper tests? Isn’t there a wider variety of intelligences that are important in everyday functioning and
everyday life?
E. Many questions need answering. Do we only define an intelligent person as somebody who obtains a high
score on an IQ test? Are the only intelligent people those who belong to high IQ organizations such as
MENSA? Is there social intelligence, musical intelligence, military intelligence, marketing intelligence,
motoring intelligence, political intelligence? Are all, or indeed any, of these forms of intelligence measured
by a simple pencil and paper IQ test which demands a single, acceptable, correct solution to each question?
Defining what constitutes intelligent behavior requires a personal value judgement as to what type of
behavior, and what kind of person is of more worth.
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F. The current state of psychological wisdom about bilingual children is that, where two languages are
relatively well developed, bilinguals have thinking advantages over monolinguals. Take an example. A child
is asked a simple question: How many uses can you think of for a brick? Some children give two or three
answers only. They can think of building walls, building a house and perhaps that is all. Another child
scribbles away, pouring out ideas one after the other: blocking up a rabbit hole, breaking a window, using as
a bird bath, as a plumb line, as an abstract sculpture in an art exhibition.
G. Research across different continents of the world shows that bilinguals tend to be more fluent, flexible,
original and elaborate in their answers to this type of open-ended question. The person who can think of a
few answers tends to be termed a convergent thinker. They converge onto a few acceptable conventional
answers. People who think of lots of different uses for unusual items (e.g. a brick, tin can, cardboard box) are
called divergers. Divergers like a variety of answers to a question and are imaginative and fluent in their
thinking.
H. There are other dimensions in thinking where approximately ‘balanced’ bilinguals may have temporary
and occasionally permanent advantages over monolinguals: increased sensitivity to communication, a
slightly speedier movement through the stages of cognitive development and being less fixed on the sounds
of words and more centered on the meaning of words. Such ability to move away from the sound of words
and fix on the meaning of words tends to be a (temporary) advantage for bilinguals around the ages four to
six. This advantage may mean an initial head start in learning to read and learning to think about language.
LIST OF HEADINGS
i No single definition of intelligence
ii Faulty testing, wrong conclusion
iii Welsh research supports IQ testing
iv Beware: inadequate for testing intelligence
v International research supports bilingualism
vi Current thought on the advantage bilinguals have
vii Early beliefs regarding bilingualism
viii Monolinguals ahead of their bilingual peers
ix Exemplifying the bilingual advantage
Sample: Paragraph B ____ii____
Question 31. Paragraph D ______vi_________
Question 32. Paragraph F _______iv________
Question 33. Paragraph C ________i_______
Question 34. Paragraph E ________ix_______
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Question 35. Paragraph G ________v_______

Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? Write
TRUE, if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE, if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN, if there is no information on this
Question 36. Balanced bilinguals have more permanent than temporary advantages over monolinguals.
Question 37. Often bilinguals concentrate more on the way a word sounds than on its meaning.
Question 38. Monolinguals learn to speak at a younger age than bilinguals.
Question 39. Bilinguals just starting school might pick up certain skills faster than monolinguals.
Question 40. According to research, bilinguals are fluent, adaptable, creative, and elaborate in their
responses to open-ended inquiries.

PART C. WRITING
Section 1. Rewrite the sentences with the given word(s) or beginning in such a way that their meanings
remain unchanged.
1. Thanks to recent research, the causes of the disease have been found. CAST
→ Recent research has cast light on the causes of the disease
2. Noboday expected it of him but Sam was laid off. RANKS
→ Against all expectations, Sam was forced to join the ranks of the unemployed.
3. The first candidate impressed the interviewers immediately. MADE
→ The first candidate made an immediate impression on the interviewers.
4. I have got such a lot of work at the moment that I can't afford to take the day off. SNOWED
→ I am snowed under with work at the moment so I can't afford to take the day off.
5. The new plans for the school have been approved by the authorities. MET
→ The new plans for the school have met with the authorities.
6. Driving at that speed is dangerous whether you are an experienced driver or not.
→ However experienced you are, driving at that speed is dangerous
7. It was to be another twenty-five years before Michael returned to his home town.
→ Not until twenty-five years later did Michael return to his home town
8. His condition improved so rapidly that he went home four days after the operation.
→ There was so rapid a improvement in his condition that....
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9. The suggestion to increase the entrance fee at the disco came from Tony.
→ It was Tony who suggested increasing the entrance fee at the disco
10. People say that the driver was listening to his walkman at the time of the crash.
→ The driver is said to have been listening to his walkman at the time of the crash

Section 2. Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic.

The use of e-cigarettes (vaping) has become increasingly popular, especially among young people.
Many argue that this is a dangerous habit that needs to be stopped.
Discuss the harmful effects of e-cigarette use on health and propose solutions to curb this issue.
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