DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

CLASS: 12th
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
UNIT No. & NAME: 1st Reproduction
CHAPTER No. & NAME: 3rd Human Reproduction
TOPIC: Oogenesis

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 DATE: 06.06.2021

INTRODUCTION

Ovum or egg is the female gamete produced in the primary sex organ or
gonad; OVARY of female mammal. The process of formation of haploid egg or
ovum from diploid sex or germinal cell is called oogenesis. Oogenesis starts
in females by the time female foetus is only 25 weeks old, in the womb of her
mother. It is interesting to note here that mature ovum or ootid is formed only
after its meeting with the sperm in the fallopian tube.

Page 1 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

OOGENESIS:

• It is a growth process in which primary egg cell which we call as ovum

becomes a mature ovum.

• The three phases are MULTIPLICATION STAGE, GROWTH STAGE and

MATURATION STAGE.

• It produces oocytes and ultimately yields mature ovum.

❖ During embryogenesis, in development at the time of the

gastrulation a small group of cells are "put aside" to later form oocytes and
spermatozoa. This population of cells is described as the primordial germ
cells (PGCs).
❖ These cells also migrate initially into the posterior endoderm that
forms the hind gut and from there into the genital ridge that will be the site of
the developing gonad, from this time there occurs a multiplication phase
leading to the formation of oogonia which is diploid in nature.

PROCESS OF OOGENESIS

The process of formation of a mature gamete or ovum is called

oogenesis. Oogenesis consists of the following three phases:-

1. Multiplication Phase: Oogenesis is initiated during the embryonic

development stage when a couple of million gamete mother cells (oogonia)

are formed within each foetal ovary. No more oogonia are formed and

Page 2 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

added after birth. These cells start mitotic division and change into primary

oocytes.

2. Growth Phase: Each primary oocyte then gets surrounded by a layer

of granulosa cells. This structure is called primary follicle. A large number

of these follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to puberty. At

puberty only 60 to 80 thousand primary follicles are left in each ovary. The

primary follicle gets surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells to form

secondary follicle.

3. Maturation Phase: In the maturation phase, the secondary follicle soon

transforms into tertiary follicle. The primary oocyte within the tertiary

follicle grows in size and completes the first meiotic division to form a

large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body. In second

meiotic division secondary oocyte change into ovum and second polar

body release. The tertiary follicle changes into a mature follicle. The

graffian follicle which ruptures to release the ovum from the ovary by a

process called ovulation.

Page 3 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

OOGENESIS

Page 4 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

LET US KNOW WHAT WE HAVE LEARNT!

PART-A VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

a) MCQs:
Q1. The stage of the cell cycle at which primary oocyte are arrested?
a) Prophase I b) Metaphase I
c) Prophase II d) Metaphase II

Q2. How many chromatids are present in Secondary Oocyte?

a) 46 b) 23
c) 48 d) 92

Q3. The division of primary oocyte into the secondary oocyte and first polar
body is an example of:
a) Symmetric division b) asymmetric division
c) Cell death d) asexual reproduction

Q4. Secondary oocyte divides into:

a) Ovum and first polar body
b) Ovum and second polar body
c) First polar body and second polar body
d) Primary oocyte and second polar body

Q5. How much number of mature ova is produced from one oogonium in
oogenesis?
a) Four b) Six
c) One d) Two

Page 5 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

b) FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. The process of release of ovum from mature follicle is called
________.
2. The mature _______ follicle release female hormone estrogen.
3. Oogenesis takes place in ________.
4. The matured ovum is released from _________.

c) TRUE/ FALSE
1. Product of oogenesis is four mature egg.
2. Longest phase of oogenesis is multiplication phase.
3. Two polar bodies are formed during oogenesis.

ANSWER KEY: PART-A

a) MCQs:
A1: a
Explanation: Oogonia are formed during foetal development. Soon they start
undergoing meiosis but are arrested at Prophase I awaiting further cues of
division. Oogonia at this stage are called primary oocytes.

Page 6 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No. 23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

A2: a
Explanation: Secondary oocyte is formed after the first round of meiosis and
thus has a haploid set of chromosomes i.e., 23 chromosomes. But
eachchromosome has two daughter chromatids, thus making a total of 46
chromatids. Ova are formed after the second round of meiosis, and each
chromosome gets a single chromatid, thus having a total of 23 chromatids.
A3: b
Explanation: Asymmetric division refers to the unequal distribution of
cytoplasm between the daughter cells. Primary oocyte undergoes the first
round of meiosis, producing a large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first
polar body. Thus this is an instance of asymmetric division.

A4: b
Explanation: Secondary oocyte is formed as a result of the asymmetric
division of primary oocyte, which also produces a tiny first polar body.
Secondary oocyte further undergoes another asymmetric division producing
a larger ovum and a smaller second polar body.

A5: c
Explanation: Only one matured ovum is produced in oogenesis.
b) FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. Oogenesis

2. Graffian

3. Ovaries

4. Secondary oocyte.

Page 7 of 8
 DAILY DOSE: SIMPLIFIED LEARNING MATERIAL 2021-22

ASSIGNMENT No.23 CLASS: 12th SUBJECT:BIOLOGY DATE: 06.06.2021

c) TRUE /FALSE :
1. False, product is 1 mature egg.
2. False, longest phase is growth phase.
3. True.

PART-B SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1. What is the process of oogenesis?
Q2. How many stages are there in oogenesis?
Q3. What is the importance of oogenesis in females?

PART-C LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1. Explain Oogenesis with the help of diagrams.

Prepared by: Harleen Kaur, 9464015594, Lecturer

Biology, GSSS Boys Ferozepur.
Under the Guidance of: Sh. Arwinder Singh,
9417980408, GSSS Nurpur Sethan, Ferozepur.
Supervised by: Smt. Jasvinder Kaur (Assistant Director)
PPPP Science Sen. Sec. State Coordinator.

Page 8 of 8