1.) what is angular JS? explain its uses?
AngularJS is a structural framework for dynamic web applications. It is maintained by
Google and is designed to make the development and testing of single-page
applications (SPAs) easier by providing a framework for client-side model-view-
controller (MVC) architecture. Here are some key features and uses of AngularJS :
Uses of AngularJS:
1. Single-Page Applications (SPAs): AngularJS is widely used for building
SPAs, where the entire application runs on a single web page, providing a
seamless user experience without full page reloads.
2. Dynamic Web Applications: It is suitable for applications that require
real-time data updates, such as social media platforms, online
collaboration tools, and dashboards.
3. Enterprise Applications: AngularJS is often used in large-scale enterprise
applications that require complex user interfaces and data management.
4. Content Management Systems (CMS): AngularJS can be used to build
dynamic and interactive CMS platforms that allow users to manage
content easily.
5. E-commerce Websites: Many e-commerce platforms leverage AngularJS
to create interactive product listings, shopping carts, and user account
management features.
6. Mobile Applications: While AngularJS is primarily a web framework, it can
also be used in conjunction with tools like Apache Cordova to build hybrid
mobile applications.
7. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems: AngularJS is suitable for developing
complex ERP systems that require a robust user interface for managing various
business processes, such as inventory, finance, and human resources.
8. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems: AngularJS can be employed to
build CRM applications that help businesses manage customer interactions, track
sales, and analyze customer data effectively.
2.) Angular js models?
In AngularJS, models are a core concept that represents the data in your application. They are
part of the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture that AngularJS follows. Models in
AngularJS are essentially JavaScript objects that hold the data and business logic of the
application. Here’s a deeper look at AngularJS models:
Key Features of AngularJS Models:
1. Data Binding: AngularJS uses two-way data binding, which means that any changes
made to the model are automatically reflected in the view, and vice versa. This makes
it easy to keep the UI in sync with the underlying data.
2. Scope: In AngularJS, models are often associated with a scope object.
The $scope object acts as a bridge between the controller and the view. It holds the
model data and provides methods to manipulate that data.
3. Initialization: Models can be initialized in the controller. You can define properties on
the $scope object, which will then be accessible in the view.
4. Data Manipulation: Models can be manipulated using functions defined in the
controller. This allows you to perform operations like adding, updating, or deleting
data.
5. Validation: AngularJS provides built-in validation for form inputs, which can be tied to
the model. This allows you to enforce rules on the data being entered by users.
Example of AngularJS Models:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<title>AngularJS Model Example</title>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.2/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MyController">
<h1>User Information</h1>
<form>
<label>Name:</label>
<input type="text" ng-model="user.name" placeholder="Enter your name" />
<br />
<label>Email:</label>
<input type="email" ng-model="user.email" placeholder="Enter your email" />
<br />
<button ng-click="submit()">Submit</button>
</form>
<h2>Submitted Data:</h2>
<p>Name: {{ user.name }}</p>
<p>Email: {{ user.email }}</p>
<script>
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.controller('MyController', function($scope) {
// Initialize the model
$scope.user = {
name: '',
email: ''
};
// Function to handle form submission
$scope.submit = function() {
alert('User data submitted: ' + JSON.stringify($scope.user));
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.) Explain angular js expression and directives
In AngularJS, expressions and directives are fundamental concepts that help in building
dynamic web applications. They play a crucial role in data binding, DOM manipulation, and
enhancing the functionality of HTML. Here’s a detailed explanation of both:
AngularJS Expressions
Expressions in AngularJS are snippets of code that are evaluated by the AngularJS framework.
They are used to bind data to the HTML view and can be used to display dynamic content.
Expressions are similar to JavaScript expressions but are written in the context of AngularJS.
Key Features of AngularJS Expressions:
1. Data Binding: Expressions allow you to bind data from the model to the view. For
example, if you have a model property called name, you can display it in the HTML
using an expression like {{ name}}.
2. Simple Syntax: AngularJS expressions use a simple syntax, typically enclosed in double
curly braces ({{}}). For example:
3. Evaluation Context: Expressions are evaluated in the context of the current scope,
meaning they can access properties defined on the $scope object.
4. No Control Flow: Unlike JavaScript, AngularJS expressions do not support control flow
statements (like if, for, etc.). They are meant for simple evaluations and data binding.
5. Filters: You can use filters within expressions to format data. For example:
AngularJS Directives:
Directives are special markers on a DOM element (such as an HTML tag) that tell
AngularJS to attach a specified behavior to that element or even transform the DOM
element and its children. Directives are a powerful feature of AngularJS that allow you
to create reusable components and enhance HTML with additional functionality.
Key Features of AngularJS Directives:
1. Custom Behavior: Directives can be used to create custom HTML elements or
attributes that encapsulate specific behavior. For example, you can create a
directive to handle form validation or to create a custom dropdown.
2. Built-in Directives: AngularJS comes with several built-in directives, such as:
ng-model: Binds the value of HTML controls (input, select, textarea) to
application data.
ng-repeat: Repeats a set of HTML elements for each item in a collection.
ng-if: Conditionally includes or excludes an element from the DOM based on a
boolean expression.
ng-show / ng-hide: Shows or hides an element based on a boolean expression.
3. Custom Directives: You can create your own directives to encapsulate
reusable functionality. Custom directives can be defined using the directive
method in an AngularJS module.
4. Isolated Scope: Directives can have their own scope, which allows them to
maintain their own data and behavior without interfering with the parent
scope.
4.) explain scope and data binding in angular js
In AngularJS, scope and data binding are fundamental concepts that facilitate the interaction
between the model (data) and the view (user interface). Understanding these concepts is
crucial for building dynamic and responsive web applications. Here’s a detailed explanation
of both:
Scope in AngularJS
Scope is an object that refers to the application model. It acts as a bridge between the
controller and the view, allowing data to be shared and manipulated. The scope is an essential
part of the AngularJS framework, as it provides the context for expressions and binds data to
the view.
Key Features of Scope:
1. Hierarchical Structure: Scopes in AngularJS are organized in a hierarchical structure.
Each controller creates a new scope, which can inherit properties from its parent
scope. This allows for a structured way to manage data and behavior in nested views.
2. Two-Way Data Binding: The scope enables two-way data binding, meaning that
changes in the model are automatically reflected in the view and vice versa. This
synchronization simplifies the development process and reduces the need for manual
DOM manipulation.
3. Properties and Methods: You can define properties and methods on the scope object.
These properties can be accessed in the view using expressions, and methods can be
called from the view (e.g., through button clicks).
4. Event Handling: Scopes can listen for events and respond to them. For example, you
can use $scope.$watch to monitor changes to a specific property and execute a
function when that property changes.
5. Isolation: You can create isolated scopes in custom directives, allowing them to
maintain their own data and behavior without interfering with the parent scope.
Data Binding in AngularJS:
Data binding is the process of synchronizing data between the model and the view.
AngularJS provides two types of data binding: one-way and two-way.
Types of Data Binding:
1.) One-Way Data Binding: In one-way data binding, data flows in one direction—from
the model to the view. This means that changes in the model will be reflected in the
view, but changes in the view will not affect the model. One-way data binding is
typically used for displaying data.
2.) Two-Way Data Binding: In two-way data binding, data flows in both directions—
changes in the model are reflected in the view, and changes in the view are reflected
in the model. This is achieved using the ng-model directive, which binds the value of
an input field to a property on the scope.
Benefits of Data Binding:
• Simplicity: Data binding simplifies the process of keeping the model and view in sync,
reducing the need for manual DOM manipulation.
• Reactivity: Changes in the model are automatically reflected in the view, providing a
more dynamic user experience.
• Less Boilerplate Code: Developers can focus on the application logic rather than
writing repetitive code to update the UI.
5.) explain angular js filters
In AngularJS, filters are a powerful feature that allows you to format and transform data
displayed in the view. Filters can be used in expressions, directives, and controllers to
manipulate data before it is presented to the user. They help in enhancing the readability and
presentation of data without altering the underlying model.
Key Features of AngularJS Filters:
1. Data Transformation: Filters can transform data into a more user-friendly format. For
example, you can format dates, currency, or even filter lists based on specific criteria.
2. Chaining: Multiple filters can be chained together to apply several transformations to
the same data. This allows for complex data manipulation in a concise manner.
3. Built-in Filters: AngularJS comes with several built-in filters that cover common use
cases. You can also create custom filters to meet specific requirements.
4. Usage in Expressions: Filters can be used directly in AngularJS expressions within the
view, making it easy to format data on the fly.
Commonly Used Built-in Filters:
1. currency: Formats a number as a currency value.
Ex: <p>Price: {{ price | currency }}</p>
2. date: Formats a date object into a readable string.
Ex:<p>Today is: {{ currentDate | date:'fullDate' }}</p>
3. filter: Filters an array based on a specified condition.
Ex: <ul>
<li ng-repeat="item in items | filter:searchText">{{ item }}</li>
</ul>
4. uppercase: Converts a string to uppercase.
Ex:<p>{{ name | uppercase }}</p>
5. lowercase: Converts a string to lowercase.
Ex:<p>{{ name | lowercase }}</p>
6. json: Converts an object into a JSON string.
Ex:<pre>{{ user | json }}</pre>
7. limitTo: Limits the number of items in an array.
Ex:<ul>
<li ng-repeat="item in items | limitTo:3">{{ item }}</li>
</ul>
6.) Angular js client side and server side validation
In AngularJS, validation is an essential aspect of ensuring that user input is correct and meets
specific criteria before it is processed or sent to the server. Validation can be performed on
both the client side and the server side. Here’s a detailed explanation of both types of
validation:
Client-Side Validation
Client-side validation is performed in the user's browser before the data is sent to the server.
This type of validation provides immediate feedback to users, improving the user experience
and reducing unnecessary server requests.
Key Features of Client-Side Validation:
1. Immediate Feedback: Users receive instant feedback on their input, allowing them to
correct errors before submitting the form.
2. Reduced Server Load: By validating data on the client side, you can reduce the number
of invalid requests sent to the server, which can help improve performance.
3. Built-in Validation: AngularJS provides built-in validation directives that can be easily
applied to form controls. Some common directives include:
• ng-required: Specifies that an input field is required.
• ng-minlength and ng-maxlength: Specify the minimum and maximum length
of input.
• ng-pattern: Validates input against a regular expression.
• ng-email: Validates that the input is a valid email address.
4. Custom Validation: You can create custom validation logic using
AngularJS's $validators service.
Server-Side Validation
Server-side validation is performed on the server after the data has been submitted. This
type of validation is crucial for ensuring data integrity and security, as client-side validation
can be bypassed by users.
Key Features of Server-Side Validation:
1. Data Integrity: Server-side validation ensures that the data received from the
client meets the required criteria before it is processed or stored in a database.
2. Security: It helps protect against malicious input, such as SQL injection or
cross-site scripting (XSS), by validating and sanitizing user input.
3. Business Logic Enforcement: Server-side validation can enforce complex
business rules that may not be feasible to implement on the client side.
4. Error Handling: If validation fails on the server, appropriate error messages can
be returned to the client, allowing users to correct their input.
7.) Angular JS Services
In AngularJS, services are a core concept that allows developers to create reusable
components that encapsulate business logic, data access, and other functionalities. Services
are singleton objects, meaning that they are instantiated once and shared across the
application. This promotes modularity, reusability, and separation of concerns in your code.
Key Features of AngularJS Services
1. Singleton: A service is created once and shared across the application. This means that
the same instance of a service is used wherever it is injected, allowing for shared state
and behavior.
2. Dependency Injection: AngularJS uses dependency injection to manage service
instances. This allows you to easily inject services into controllers, directives, and other
services, making your code more modular and testable.
3. Encapsulation: Services encapsulate specific functionality, which can include data
retrieval, business logic, or utility functions. This helps keep your controllers and other
components clean and focused on their primary responsibilities.
4. Modularity: Services help organize code into reusable modules, making it easier to
maintain and test. You can create services for different functionalities and inject them
where needed.
Commonly Used AngularJS Services
1. $http:Used for making HTTP requests to communicate with a server. It supports
various request types (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and returns promises for handling
asynchronous operations.
Example:
$http.get('/api/data').then(function(response) {
$scope.data = response.data;
});
2. $scope:Represents the application model and acts as a bridge between the controller
and the view. It allows data binding and provides methods for event handling.
Example:
$scope.name = 'John Doe';
3. $route:Used for routing in single-page applications (SPAs). It allows you to define
routes and associate them with specific templates and controllers.
Example:
$routeProvider.when('/home', {
templateUrl: 'home.html',
controller: 'HomeController'
});
4. $location:Provides a way to interact with the browser's URL. It allows you to get or set
the current URL, manage query parameters, and handle URL changes.
Example:
$location.path('/newPath');
5. $timeout:A wrapper around the native setTimeout function that returns a promise. It
is used for executing code after a specified delay.
Example:
$timeout(function() {
$scope.message = 'Hello after 2 seconds!';
}, 2000);
6. $interval:A wrapper around the native setInterval function that returns a promise. It
is used for executing code repeatedly at specified intervals.
Example:
$interval(function() {
$scope.counter++;
}, 1000);
7. $filter:Provides a way to format data in the view. It allows you to apply filters to data,
such as formatting dates, currency, or filtering lists.
Example:
var formattedDate = $filter('date')(new Date(), 'fullDate');
8. $q:A service for creating and managing promises. It provides a way to handle
asynchronous operations and allows you to create custom promises.
Example:
var deferred = $q.defer();
deferred.resolve('Success!');
9. $log:A simple logging service that provides methods for logging messages to the
console. It supports different log levels (info, warn, error).
Example:
$log.info('This is an info message.');
10. $window:A wrapper around the browser's window object. It provides access to
browser features such as local storage, session storage, and the document object.
Example:
$window.alert('Hello, World!');
8.) Give an example program for angular js
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="todoApp">
<head>
<title>AngularJS To-Do List</title>
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.2/angular.min.js"></script>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
margin: 20px;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
li {
padding: 5px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
margin: 5px 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body ng-controller="TodoController">
<h1>To-Do List</h1>
<input type="text" ng-model="newTask" placeholder="Add a new task" />
<button ng-click="addTask()">Add Task</button>
<h2>Tasks</h2>
<ul>
<li ng-repeat="task in tasks">
{{ task }} <button ng-click="removeTask($index)">Remove</button>
</li>
</ul>
<script>
// Step 2: Create the AngularJS Application
var app = angular.module('todoApp', []);
// Step 3: Create the Controller
app.controller('TodoController', function($scope) {
// Initialize the tasks array
$scope.tasks = [];
// Function to add a new task
$scope.addTask = function() {
if ($scope.newTask) {
$scope.tasks.push($scope.newTask);
$scope.newTask = ''; // Clear the input field
}
};
// Function to remove a task
$scope.removeTask = function(index) {
$scope.tasks.splice(index, 1);
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
9.) Registration page using angular js
Check the pdf given………(registration page using angular js)
10.) Explain NG model, NG binding, NG initialization in angular js
In AngularJS, ng-model, ng-bind, and initialization are essential concepts that
facilitate data binding and interaction between the model and the view. Here’s
a detailed explanation of each:
1. ng-model
ng-model is a directive in AngularJS that binds the value of HTML controls (like input, select,
and textarea) to a property on the $scope object. This creates a two-way data binding
between the model and the view, meaning that changes in the input field will update the
model, and changes in the model will update the input field.
Key Features of ng-model:
• Two-Way Data Binding: When you use ng-model, any changes made to the input
field are automatically reflected in the model, and vice versa.
• Form Control: It can be used with various form controls, including text inputs,
checkboxes, radio buttons, and dropdowns.
• Validation: It can be used in conjunction with AngularJS's built-in validation features
to validate user input.
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<title>ng-model Example</title>
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.2/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MyController">
<h1>ng-model Example</h1>
<input type="text" ng-model="user.name" placeholder="Enter your name" />
<p>Hello, {{ user.name }}!</p>
<script>
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.controller('MyController', function($scope) {
$scope.user = {
name: ''
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
2. ng-bind
ng-bind is a directive that binds the inner text of an HTML element to a property on
the $scope object. It is used to display data from the model in the view without using curly
braces ({{ }}) for expressions. This can be useful for improving performance, especially in
scenarios where you have a lot of data binding.
Key Features of ng-bind:
• One-Way Data Binding: Unlike ng-model, ng-bind creates a one-way data binding
from the model to the view. Changes in the model will update the view, but changes
in the view (like user input) will not affect the model.
• Cleaner HTML: It helps to keep the HTML cleaner by avoiding the use of curly braces
for expressions.
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<title>ng-bind Example</title>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.2/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MyController">
<h1>ng-bind Example</h1>
<p ng-bind="user.name"></p>
<input type="text" ng-model="user.name" placeholder="Enter your name" />
<script>
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.controller('MyController', function($scope) {
$scope.user = {
name: 'John Doe'
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.Initialization in AngularJS
Initialization in AngularJS refers to the process of setting up the initial state of the
application, including defining the initial values for the model properties on
the $scope object. This is typically done within a controller.
Key Features of Initialization:
• Setting Default Values: You can initialize properties on the $scope object to set
default values for your application.
• Creating Objects: You can create objects or arrays to hold data that will be used in
the application.
• Configuring Services: You can also initialize services or other components that your
application will use.
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<title>Initialization Example</title>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.8.2/angular.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MyController">
<h1>Initialization Example</h1>
<p>Name: {{ user.name }}</p>
<p>Age: {{ user.age }}</p>
<script>
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.controller('MyController', function($scope) {
// Initialization
$scope.user = {
name: 'John Doe',
age: 30
};
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
11.) Angular js Box model
In AngularJS, the term "box model" typically refers to the CSS box model rather than a
specific AngularJS concept. The CSS box model is a fundamental concept in web design and
development that describes how elements on a web page are structured and how their
dimensions are calculated. Understanding the box model is essential for styling elements
correctly in AngularJS applications, as it affects layout and design.
CSS Box Model Overview
The CSS box model consists of several components that define the space an element
occupies on a web page. These components are:
1. Content: This is the innermost part of the box model, where text and images appear.
The size of the content area can be controlled using the width and height properties.
2. Padding: Padding is the space between the content and the border of the element. It
creates space inside the element, pushing the border away from the content.
Padding can be set using the padding property.
3. Border: The border surrounds the padding (if any) and the content. It can be styled
with various properties such as border-width, border-style, and border-color.
4. Margin: Margin is the outermost space that separates the element from other
elements on the page. It creates space outside the element and can be set using
the margin property.
12.) form validation in angular js
Check the pdf given………(Form validation using angular js)
