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SRM Institute of Science and Technology

Set -
College of Engineering and Technology
School of Computing
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu
Academic Year: 2024-25 (EVEN)

Test: FT4 Date: 29-04-2025

Course Code & Title: 21CSS303T-Data Science Duration: Two periods
Year& Sem: III Year /VI Sem Max.Marks:50

Course Articulation Matrix:

Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
Outcome
CO3 - - - - 1 - - - - - - -
CO4 - - - - 1 - - - - - - -
CO5 - - - - 1 - - - - - - -
Note: CO3 – To identify data manipulation and cleaning techniques using pandas
CO4 – To constructs the Graphs and plots to represent the data using python packages
CO5 – To apply the principles of the data science techniques to predict and forecast the outcome of real-
world problem
Part – A (10 x 1 = 10 Marks)
Instructions:
1) Answer ALL questions.
2) The duration for answering Part A is 15 minutes (this sheet will be collected after 15 minutes).
3) Encircle the correct answer.

S.No Question Marks BL CO PO PI Code

1 State the data wrangling operation that handles errors, missing data and 1 1 3 5 5.4.1
inconsistencies
a. Validation
b. Data enrichment
c. Cleaning
d. Organization
2 Name the pandas method that can be used to combine DataFrames using one 1 1 3 5 5.4.1
or more keys, as in database join operations
a. pandas.concat
b. pandas.merge
c. DataFrame.combine_first
d. DataFrame.join
3 Define the objective of imputation process 1 1 3 5 5.4.1
a. Remove entire rows or columns containing missing values
b. Remove pairs of observations where at least one value is missing
c. Replacing missing data with estimated values
d. Remove noise from the dataset using some algorithms
4 Identify the reshape process among the following that turns unique values 1 2 3 5 5.4.1
from one column into new column headers, effectively transforming long-
form data to wide -form
a. Melting
b. Stacking
c. Pivoting
d. Unstacking

5 Which among the following is a common measure of dispersion of data 1 2 3 5 5.4.1

a. median
b. standard deviation
 c. histogram
d. skewness
6 In Matplotlib, which of the following correctly creates a subplot at position 5 1 1 4 5 5.5.2
in a 4-row by 3-column grid?
a. plt.subplot(3, 4, 5)
b. plt.subplot(5, 3, 4)
c. plt.subplot(4, 3, 5)
d. plt.subplot(5, 4, 3)
7 From the below list, recall the construct used to add text or markers to 1 1 4 5 5.4.1
specific locations on a plot to highlight particular features
a. Legends
b. Labels
c. Annotations
d. Ticks
8 Among the following statements, recognize the correct statement about 1 1 4 5 5.5.1
Python’s matplotlib.pyplot package
a. pyplot is used only for 3D plotting in Python.
b. pyplot automatically displays plots without the need to call show().
c. pyplot provides a MATLAB-like interface for creating static,
interactive, and animated plots.
d. pyplot cannot save plots in pdf format.
9 Identify the Seaborn package feature that allows you to visualize relationship 1 2 5 5 5.4.1
between all pairs of numeric columns in DataFrames
a. FacetGrid
b. Pairplot
c. Scatterplot
d. subplot
10 Identify the incorrect statement regarding seaborn package 1 2 5 5 5.5.1
a. Seaborn is a data visualization library built on top of Matplotlib
b. Seaborn allow us to represent data points in three-dimensional space
c. Seaborn can be imported using import matplotlib.seaborn as sns
d. Seaborn can be used to visualize textual data by creating wordcloud
 Register
Number

SRM Institute of Science and Technology

College of Engineering and Technology Set -
School of Computing
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu
Academic Year: 2024-25 (EVEN SEM)

Test: FT4 Date:29-04-2025

Course Code & Title: 21CSS303T-Data Science Duration: Two periods
Year& Sem: III Year /VI Sem Max.Marks:50

Part – B (4 x 5 = 20 Marks)
Instructions: Answer ANY FOUR Questions

Q. Question Marks BL CO PO PI
No Code

11 Discuss different data structures that help optimize memory and 5 2 3 5 5.6.1
computation while handling large data volumes. Briefly review their
strengths and weaknesses.

Ans:
Data structures have different storage requirements, but also
influence the performance of CRUD (create, read, update, and
delete) and other operations on the data set

• Tree is a hierarchical data structure where each node has a parent

and may have child nodes, used for searching and sorting. Trees are
a class of data structure that allows you to retrieve information much
faster than scanning through a table
• Hash is a key-value data structure that provides fast lookups using
a hash function. A key for every value in your data and put the keys
in a bucket. This way you can quickly retrieve the information by
looking in the right bucket when you encounter the data.
Dictionaries in Python are a hash table implementation, and they’re
a close relative of key-value stores
• Sparse data refers to datasets with mostly zero or missing values,
stored efficiently to save memory.
12 Given the following scenario, perform appropriate data cleaning, 5 3 3 5 5.5.2
transformation, and merging steps:

Dataset A contains employee records with columns: EmpID, Name, Age,

and Department. Some age values are missing, and department names
have inconsistent casing (e.g., "HR", "hr", "Hr").

Dataset B contains salary details with columns: EmpID, MonthlySalary.

Write Python code (using pandas) to:

1. Clean the Age using suitable imputation
2. Clean the Name by removing unnecessary spaces
3. Apply standardize capitalization on the column Department.
4. Merge the two datasets on EmpID.
5. Display the total salary aggregated on the Department column

(You may assume dummy data for illustration.)

Ans:
1. Convert datasets to DataFrames
df_a = pd.DataFrame(data_a)
df_b = pd.DataFrame(data_b)

2. Clean the Age column using suitable imputation

df_a['Age'].fillna(df_a['Age'].mean(), inplace=True)

3. Clean the Name column by removing unnecessary spaces

df_a['Name'] = df_a['Name'].str.strip()

4. Standardize capitalization of the Department column

df_a['Department'] = df_a['Department'].str.capitalize()

5. Merge the two datasets on EmpID

merged_df = pd.merge(df_a, df_b, on='EmpID')

6. Display the total salary aggregated by the Department

total_salary_by_dept =
merged_df.groupby('Department')['MonthlySalary'].sum().reset_in
dex()

7. Display the result

print(total_salary_by_dept)

13 Distinguish between Z-score normalization and Min-max normalization. 5 2 3 5 5.6.1

Under what data conditions would each method be more appropriate?

Ans:
Z-score normalization is a data preprocessing technique that
transforms numerical data to have a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1. This is particularly useful when dealing with features
that have different scales or units, as it ensures that all features
contribute equally to the model.

Advantages:
1. Handles different Scales
2. Improves Machine Learning Models
3. Reduce Bias
4. Helps with outliers
 Min-max normalization is a data preprocessing technique that
scales numerical data to a specific range, typically between 0 and 1.
It's useful when you want to preserve the relative distances between
data points while ensuring that all features have a similar scale

14 Write the python code for creating s 2 X 2 grid of plots with the 5 3 4 5 5.5.2
following subplots using matplotlib.pyplot
1. Grid 1 – line plot
2. Grid 2 – Scatter plot
3. Grid 3 – Bar
4. Gid 4 – histogram

(You may assume dummy data (Qno:12) for illustration.)

Ans:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

#Data
x = np.arange(1, 6)
y = x ** 2
categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
values = [5, 7, 3, 8, 6]
hist_data = np.random.randn(1000)

#Plotting
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))

plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
plt.title('Line Plot')

plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.scatter(x, y, color='green')
plt.title('Scatter Plot')

plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.bar(categories, values, color='orange')
plt.title('Bar Plot')

plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.hist(hist_data, bins=20, color='purple')
plt.title('Histogram')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
15 You are given a dataset that contains the daily temperature (Temp), 5 3 5 5 5.5.2
humidity (Humidity), and air quality index (AQI) recorded over 5 days
.
Days = [1,2,3,4,5]
Temperature = [23,25,28,32,35]
AQI = [3,5,4,2,5]
 Write Python code using Seaborn and Matplotlib to visualize the
relationship among these three variables using a 3D line plot, where:
• X-axis → Day (as a sequence)
• Y-axis → Temperature
• Z-axis → AQI

Ans:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Data
Days = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Temperature = [23, 25, 28, 32, 35]
AQI = [3, 5, 4, 2, 5]

# Create 3D plot
sns.set(style="whitegrid")
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Plotting the 3D line

ax.plot(Days, Temperature, AQI, marker='o', color='blue',
label='Temp vs AQI')

# Label axes
ax.set_xlabel('Day')
ax.set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
ax.set_zlabel('AQI')
ax.set_title('3D Line Plot of Day vs Temperature vs AQI')

# Show plot
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Part – C (2 x 10 = 20 Marks)
Instructions: Answer ALL questions.

Q. Question Marks BL CO PO PI
No Code
16 a How missing values are represented in a dataset? With examples, 10 2 3 5 5.5.1
describe the various imputation techniques used for handling of missing
values so that there is minimum loss of information.

Ans:
Imputation is the process of replacing missing data with estimated
values to maintain dataset integrity.

Mean/Median/Mode Imputation: Replace missing values with

the mean, median, or mode of the respective column. This is a
simple approach but can introduce bias if the distribution is
skewed
When to Use:
•Mean: Best for normally distributed data.
•Median: Preferred when data is skewed or has outliers.
•Mode: Used for categorical data.
 K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Imputation: Impute missing
values using the average values of the k nearest neighbors. This
method can be effective for numerical data.

Regression Imputation: Use regression models to predict

missing values based on other features. This is suitable for
numerical data with strong relationships between features.

Multiple Imputation: Create multiple imputed datasets by filling

in missing values with different plausible values. This method can
help to account for uncertainty in the imputation process

Choosing the right approach

The best approach for handling missing values depends on the

nature of your data, the amount of missing data, and the specific
requirements of your analysis. Consider the following factors:

• Amount of missing data: If there are many missing values,

imputation might be preferable to deletion.
• Distribution of missing data: If missingness is random,
imputation might be suitable. If missingness is related to
other variables, more sophisticated techniques might be necessary.
• Impact of missing data on the analysis: If missing values are
likely to bias your results, it's important to address
them.

Give a simple example.

(OR)

16 b You are given a Pandas DataFrame containing a column Customer_Info 10 3 3 5 5.5.2

with inconsistent entries like:

" Mr. Ramesh K , Chennai - 600001 "

"Ms. PRIYA D,COIMBATORE-641002"
"Dr. Arjun,Madurai - 625001"
"Mrs. Leela S , Chennai - 6251 "

Perform the following tasks using Pandas string manipulation methods:

1. Strip leading and trailing whitespaces from the entire
Customer_Info column.
2. Replace all hyphens - with a single space and convert multiple
spaces to a single space.
3. Extract the following components into new columns:
o Title (Mr., Ms., Dr., etc.)
o Name (in uppercase)
o City (in title case)
4. Pad the PIN code column (if needed) so that all valid entries
have 6 digits (e.g., "6251" becomes "006251").

Ans:
import pandas as pd

# Create dataframe
data = {
'Customer_Info': [
" Mr. Ramesh K , Chennai - 600001 ",
 "Ms. PRIYA D,COIMBATORE-641002",
"Dr. Arjun,Madurai - 625001",
"Mrs. Leela S , Chennai - 6251 "
]
}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

1. Strip leading and trailing whitespaces

df['Customer_Info'] = df['Customer_Info'].str.strip()

2. Replace hyphens with space and normalize multiple

spaces
df['Customer_Info'] = df['Customer_Info'].str.replace('-', ' ',
regex=False)
df['Customer_Info'] = df['Customer_Info'].str.replace(r'\s+', ' ',
regex=True)

3. Extract Title, Name, City, and PIN using regex

df[['Title', 'Name', 'City', 'PIN']] = df['Customer_Info'].str.extract(
r'(Mr\.|Mrs\.|Ms\.|Dr\.)\s+([A-Za-z\s]+),?\s*([A-Za-
z]+)\s+(\d+)', expand=True
)
4. Format extracted fields
df['Name'] = df['Name'].str.upper().str.strip()
df['City'] = df['City'].str.title().str.strip()

5. pad PIN with zeros if less than 6 digits

df['PIN'] = df['PIN'].str.zfill(6)

print(df[['Title', 'Name', 'City', 'PIN']])

17 a Explain the features of Seaborn library. Also describe the importance 10 2 4 5 5.5.1
of Facet Grid, joint plot and pair plot with example implementation.

Ans:
• Seaborn is a library mostly used for statistical plotting in
Python.
• It is built on top of Matplotlib and provides beautiful default
styles and color palettes to make statistical plots more
attractive.

Features of Seaborn

Statistical Graphics: Seaborn is specifically designed for

creating statistical graphics, providing built-in functions for
common visualizations like scatter plots, line plots, histograms,
and more. This makes it easier to create visually appealing and
informative plots for data analysis.

Data Visualization Themes: Seaborn offers pre-defined styles

and themes that can quickly change the overall appearance of your
 plots. This helps create consistent and aesthetically pleasing
visualizations without requiring extensive customization.

Integration with Pandas and NumPy: Seaborn seamlessly

integrates with Pandas and NumPy, making it easy to work with
dataframes and arrays directly. This simplifies the workflow and
reduces the amount of code needed for data analysis and
visualization.

FacetGrid and Pair Plots: Seaborn provides FacetGrid for

grouping data and creating subplots based on categorical
variables. This is useful for comparing distributions or
relationships across different groups. Pair plots allow you to
visualize the relationships between all pairs of numeric columns
in a DataFrame, helping you identify correlations and patterns.

Customization and Flexibility: While Seaborn provides a high-

level interface, it's built on top of Matplotlib, giving you access to
its extensive customization options. This allows you to fine-tune
your plots to meet your specific needs.

Ease of Use: Seaborn's API is designed to be user-friendly and

intuitive, making it easier to learn and use compared to
Matplotlib. Its documentation is also well-written and provides
clear examples.

3D Plots

FacetGrid: Group data by a categorical variable and plot

individual subplots for each category.

g = sns.FacetGrid(df, col="hue", height=4)

Jointplot: Visualize the relationship between two variables and

their distributions.

sns.jointplot(x='x', y='y', kind="scatter", data =data)

Pairplot: Visualize the relationships between all pairs of numeric

columns in a DataFrame.

sns.pairplot(df)

(OR)

17 b You are provided with a sample dataset of product sales in a CSV file 10 3 5 5 5.5.2
named product_sales.csv. The dataset contains the following columns:

Product_ID Category Region Units_Sold Sale_Price

P001 Electronics South 120 14500
P002 Furniture North 75 9800
P003 Electronics East 10 13200
P004 Clothing West 160 3200
P005 Furniture South 90 8900
P006 Electronics East 110 15000
P007 Clothing North 140 3000
 Using Seaborn, generate:
Ans:
Import Libraries

import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Load the CSV file

df = pd.read_csv('product_sales.csv')

# Set Seaborn style

sns.set(style='whitegrid')

#1. Histogram of Units_Sold

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
sns.histplot(df['Units_Sold'], bins=10, kde=True, color='skyblue')
plt.title('Distribution of Units Sold')
plt.xlabel('Units Sold')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

#2. Box plot of Sale_Price by Category

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
sns.boxplot(data=df, x='Category', y='Sale_Price', palette='Set2')
plt.title('Sale Price by Product Category')
plt.xlabel('Product Category')
plt.ylabel('Sale Price')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
• A histogram showing the distribution of Units_Sold for all
products.
• A box plot comparing Sale_Price across different Category
values.

Course Outcome (CO) and Bloom’s level (BL) Coverage in Questions

CO Coverage
60% 55%

50% 45%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%