Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Natural Resource Management

What are natural resources? • Things that we find in the

environment that are not made by
man.

List natural resources found in Botswana • Soil

• Vegetation
• Water
• Animals
• Minerals

State the uses of soil • Building

• Making pots
• Growing crops
• Provide vegetation for animals

State the uses of vegetation • Building

• Sources of materials for weaving
baskets
• Source of medicine
• Source of food for people and
animals
• Beautify the environment

State the uses of water • For drinking

• Irrigation
• Generates electricity
• Used in homes to clean, cook,
bath

What are minerals used for? • Source of energy

• Source of money

• Rivers
List the sources of water in Botswana • Dams
• Wells
• Boreholes
• Pans

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Explain the conservation of natural • This means using natural

resources resources carefully so that they are
protected from danger or
destruction.

How can we conserve water? • Repair leaking taps

• Re-using water
• Collect rainwater
• Grow drought resistant crops

How can we conserve vegetation? • Avoid cutting down trees

• Avoid veld fires
• Plant more trees
• Farmers should practice rotational
grazing

How can we conserve soil? • Avoid overstocking animals

• Avoid overgrazing animals
• Plant more trees
• Plough across the slope
• Practice crop rotation

How can we conserve wild animals? • Hunting should be controlled.

• Animals in game reserves and
national parks should be protected.
• Hunting should not be allowed in
game parks.
• People who hunt without a licence
(poachers) should be arrested and
punished.

Why is it important to conserve natural • They are a source oof food,

resources? medicine, water, raw materials and
money.

• If we destroy or damage natural

resources, we will have none left to
meet our needs now and in future.

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Explain Community Based Natural • This refers to communities coming

Resource Management (CBNRM) together to manage the natural
resources of their environment.

What are the benefits of CBNRM? • Communities and individuals earn

money from the natural resources
found in their environment.
• Encourages communities to
protect the natural resources.
• Gives people to start different
kinds of businesses.
• Tourists attraction.
• Creates jobs in rural areas.

List communities benefitting from CBNRM • Chobe Enclave Conservation Trust

People of Kavimba, Kakchikau, Satau.

• Kgetsi ya tsie
People in Tswapong Hills.

•Ngwao Boswa Women’s

Cooperative
People of Gumare, Danega, Nokaneng.

• D.kar Kuru Trust

The Basarwa

List local conservation organisations • Chobe Wildlife Trust

• Kalahari Conservation Society

• Okavango People’s Wildlife Trust

• Veld Products Research and

Development

• Somarelang Tikologo
(Environment Watch Botswana)

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

List international conservation • International Union for

organisations Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources (IUCN)

• World Wide Fund for Nature

(WWF)

• United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP)

• International River Society (IRS)

Mention the international agreements on • Protection of heritage sites by the

natural resources World Heritage Convention (WHC)

• Conservation of natural resources

by the Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD)

• Protection of wetlands by the

Ramsar Convention

• Avoiding the spread of deserts by

the United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

• Protection of animals and plants by

the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of
wild fauna and flora (CITES)

Explain renewable resources • These are resources that can be

used over and again or can be
replaced.

Explain non-renewable resources • These cannot be replaced once it

is used up and will eventually run
out.

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Location

Describe latitude lines • Imaginary lines drawn on maps and globes.

• Run in an east to west direction.

• They are horizontal.

• They are parallel and never meet.

• Measured in Degrees (°).

Describe the main lines of 1

• Artic Circle 66 ° N
latitude 2
• The Equator 0°
1
• Tropic of Cancer 23 ° N
2
1
• Tropic of Capricorn 23 °S
2
1
• Artic Circle 66 °S
2

The main lines of latitude

Describe longitude lines • Drawn from the top to the bottom of the globe
in a north-south direction.

• The lines meet or converge at the North Pole

and South Pole.

• They are called Meridians.

• They are measured in Degrees (°)

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

• The Prime Meridian, also known as the

Describe the main lines of Greenwich Meridian, is the most important
longitude line of longitude. It divides the earth into the
Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

• The Prime Meridian is 0°. All other longitudes

are measured according to how far east or
west they are from the Prime Meridian.

• Longitudes east of the Prime Meridian are

numbered 1°E to 180°E.

• Longitudes west of the Prime Meridian are

numbered 1°W to 180°W.

The main lines of longitude

Locate Botswana using lines • Botswana is located between latitudes 18°S

of latitude and longitude and 26°S and longitudes 20°E and 30°E

What is the name of the 23

1
°S line of latitude that passes • Tropic of Capricorn
2
through Botswana?

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

A map of Botswana showing

districts, major villages, towns,
and cities

Name the districts found in • Central

Botswana • North East
• Chobe
• Ngamiland
• Ghanzi
• Kgalagadi
• Southern
• Kweneng
• South East
• Kgatleng

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Villages Towns Cities

Major villages, towns and
cities in Botswana Serowe Orapa Gaborone

Masunga Sowa Francistown

Maun Selibe
Phikwe
Gantsi
Lobatse
Tsabong
Jwaneng
Kanye

Ramotswa

Molepolole

Mochudi

Kasane

A map showing Botswana’s

neighbouring countries

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Botswana’s neighbouring • Namibia in the West

countries • Zambia in the North
• Zimbabwe in the North-East
• South Africa from the South-West, South and
South-East

What is a landlocked country? • A country surrounded by other countries and

has no access to the sea.

List problems experienced by • Goods have to pass through other countries

landlocked countries for shipping.

• If there is war in the country, it will be difficult

to export or import goods.

• Landlocked countries pay a lot of customs

duty to countries which have seaports.

Ways of solving problems in • Maintain good relationships with neighbouring

landlocked countries countries.

• Develop good roads and networks between

other countries.

• Have good diplomatic relationships with other

countries.

• Landlocked countries should encourage

countries they depend on for access to the
sea to solve their conflicts and live in peace.

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

Ward

What is a ward? • It is a small unit withing a village in

which people live.

Who is the leader of a ward? • Headman (Kgosana)

Draw the structure of a traditional ward

Kgosi

Kgosana

Ward
Members
Figure 1 Structure of a traditional ward

Differentiate between a traditional ward Traditional Council

and a council ward
-Led by a -Led by a
headman councillor
-Leadership is -Formed by the
hereditary government to
allow people to
elect councillors
-Many people are -People are not
related. related.

-It is smaller. -It is bigger.

-There is a kgotla. -No kgotla.

-Found only in -Sections of a

villages. district, town or
city.

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Social Studies PIAS STD 5

List some of the changes taking place in • The Chief used to allocate land,
a traditional ward nowadays it is the duty of the land
board.
• Homes are no longer built to form
a semi-circle.
• A ward does not only consist of
relatives, but everyone can live
where they choose.

How can peace and tolerance be • Respect one another.

promoted in a ward? • Obeying the country’s laws.
• Treat each other fairly and equally.
• Working together to solve
problems in a ward.
• Accept people who are different
from us.

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