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Circuit 2 Report 4 (Final)

The experiment aimed to verify the Superposition Theorem by analyzing a circuit with multiple voltage sources, measuring individual currents, and summing them to find total current. Results indicated that while the theorem holds true in theory, practical deviations arose due to component variations, wiring issues, and instrumental limitations. Overall, the experiment confirmed the theorem's applicability but highlighted the challenges of achieving perfect alignment between theoretical and practical outcomes.

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21 views4 pages

Circuit 2 Report 4 (Final)

The experiment aimed to verify the Superposition Theorem by analyzing a circuit with multiple voltage sources, measuring individual currents, and summing them to find total current. Results indicated that while the theorem holds true in theory, practical deviations arose due to component variations, wiring issues, and instrumental limitations. Overall, the experiment confirmed the theorem's applicability but highlighted the challenges of achieving perfect alignment between theoretical and practical outcomes.

Uploaded by

rezaurrahmanrathul238
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COURSE CODE: EEE-1102

EXPERIMENT NO: 04

EXPERIMENT NAME: Verification of Superposition Theorem

OBJECTIVE:

 Analyze the circuit by considering one voltage source at a time, while replacing the others
with their internal resistances (typically short circuits for ideal voltage sources).

 Measure the individual currents due to each source.

 Sum the individual currents to find the total current in each branch.

INTRODUCTION:

In a linear circuit containing multiple independent sources and linear elements (i.e. resistors,
inductors, capacitors) the current through (or the voltage across) any element when all the
sources are acting simultaneously may be obtained by adding algebraically all the individual
currents (or the voltage) caused by each independent sources acting alone, with all other
sources deactivated.

An independent voltage source is deactivated (made zero) by shorting it and an independent


current source is deactivated (made zero) by open circuiting it.

APPARATUS:

 Two DC power supplies.


 Three resistors.
 One multimeter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig: Circuit for superposition theorem


CALCULATION:

When V1 is active, we get the current I1-

For example, when V1=1V

I1=2mA

Similarly, V1=2V

I1 = 3.6mA

Now, V1 = 3V

I1 = 5.2mA

When V2 is active, the current is I2-

When V2 = 3V

I2 = 2.5mA

Similarly For V2 = 4V, I2 = 3.2mA

For V2 = 5V, I2 = 4.1mA

When both source V1 and V2 are active, the current I-

When V1 = 1V and V2 = 3V

I = 5.8mA

Similarly,

For V1 = 2V and V2 = 4V

I = 7.5mA

For V1 = 3V and V2 = 5V

I = 9.2mA

According to superposition theorem-

∑I = I1+I2

When total V is (1+3) = 4V

I = 2+2.5 = 4.5mA

When total V is (2+4) = 6V

I = 3.6+3.2 = 6.8mA
When total V is (3+5) = 8V

I = 5.1+4.1 = 9.2mA

TABLE:

When both 3V and 5V is active:

V1 V2 I
(ma)
1 3 5.9

2 4 7.5

3 5 9.2

When 3V is active:

V1 V2 I1
(ma)
1 0 2

2 0 3.6

3 0 5.1

When 5V is active:

V1 V2 I2
(ma)
0 3 2.5

0 4 3.2

0 5 4.1

DISCUSSION:

1. Possible Causes of Deviation:


 Component Variation: Differences in the actual resistance values due to
manufacturing tolerances may have caused deviations between calculated and
measured values.
 Wiring and Connection Issues: Imperfect connections or additional resistances
in the circuit wiring could have impacted the measured results.
 Instrumental Limitations: The accuracy of the multimeter used for
measurements may have introduced slight errors, especially when dealing with
small voltage or current values.

2. Practical Insights into Superposition Theorem:


 The experiment demonstrated that the principle of superposition holds true in
theory, as the calculated values align with the concept of summing individual
source contributions.
 However, real-world factors like component imperfections and practical
measurement limitations underscore the challenges of achieving perfect
agreement between theory and practice.

CONCLUSION:

The experiment verified the Superposition Theorem in principle, though practical


deviations highlighted the limitations of real-world components and measurement systems.
Enhanced accuracy in setup and calculations would reduce these errors and further validate
the theorem's applicability.

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