1
1 Iron is extracted by heating a mixture of coke (carbon), limestone and iron ore in air in a blast
furnace.
A diagram of the blast furnace is shown.
coke (carbon)
+ limestone
+ iron ore
firebrick lining
air in
slag
molten iron
(a) Name the ore of iron added to the blast furnace.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The impurities in the iron ore are removed as slag.
(i) What information in the diagram shows that slag is less dense than molten iron?
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Which one of the substances added to the blast furnace helps to remove the impurities?
Explain how it does this.
substance ..............................................................................................................
explanation ............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [3]
(c) Hot air is blown into the blast furnace.
Explain why.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
2
2 Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis.
(a) Explain why aluminium cannot be extracted by reduction with carbon.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Describe the role of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Name the product formed at the positive electrode.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
3 Aluminium oxide is a compound present in aluminium ore.
(a) Name an ore which contains aluminium oxide.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Predict the products of the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide at:
the positive electrode ........................................................................................................
the negative electrode ...................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Suggest why aluminium is extracted by electrolysis and not by reduction with carbon.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
