Chapter 7

Mechanical Properties of Solids

1. Two wires are made of the same material and have 5. A rod, length L at room temperature and uniform
the same volume. However wire 1 has cross- area of cross section A, is made of a metal having
sectional area A and wire 2 has cross-sectional coefficient of linear expansion /°C. It is observed
area 3A. If the length of wire 1 increases by x on that an external compressive force F, is applied on
applying force F, how much force is needed to each of its ends, prevents any change in the
stretch wire 2 by the same amount ? length of the rod, when its temperature rises by
[AIEEE-2009] Tk. Young's modulus, Y, for this metal is
(1) 4F (2) 6F [JEE (Main)-2019]
(3) 9F (4) F
F F
2. A metal rod of Young's modulus Y and coefficient (1) A  T – 273  (2)
of thermal expansion  is held at its two ends AT
such that its length remains invariant. If its
temperature is raised by t°C, the linear stress 2F F
developed in it is [AIEEE-2011] (3) (4)
AT 2 AT
1 t 6. A load of mass M kg is suspended from a steel
(1) (2) wire of length 2 m and radius 1.0 mm in Searle’s
(Y t ) Y
apparatus experiment. The increase in length
Y produced in the wire is 4.0 mm. Now th load is fully
(3) (4) Yt immersed in a liquid of relative density 2. The
t
relative density of the material of load is 8.
3. A man grows into a giant such that his linear
dimensions increase by a factor of 9. Assuming The new value of increase in length of the steel wire
that his density remains same, the stress in the is [JEE (Main)-2019]
leg will change by a factor of [JEE (Main)-2017] (1) 4.0 mm (2) Zero
1 (3) 5.0 mm (4) 3.0 mm
(1) 9 (2)
9 7. A steel wire having a radius of 2.0 mm, carrying a
load of 4 kg, is hanging from a ceiling. Given that
1
(3) 81 (4) g = 3.1  ms–2, what will be the tensile stress that
81 would be developed in the wire? [JEE (Main)-2019]
4. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material
(1) 4.8 × 106 Nm–2 (2) 3.1 × 106 Nm–2
of bulk modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a
cylindrical container. A massless piston of area of (3) 5.2 × 106 Nm–2 (4) 6.2 × 106 Nm–2
a floats on the surface of the liquid, covering entire 8. A boy’s catapult is made of rubber cord which is
cross-section of cylindrical container. When a mass
42 cm long, with 6 mm diameter of cross-section
m is placed on the surface of the piston to
and of negligible mass. The boy keeps a stone
compress the liquid, the fractional decrement in the
weighing 0.02 kg on it and stretches the cord by
 dr  20 cm by applying a constant force. W hen
radius of the sphere,   , is [JEE (Main)-2018]
 r  released, the stone flies off with a velocity of
20 ms–1. Neglect the change in the area of cross-
Ka Ka section of the cord while stretched. The Young’s
(1) (2)
mg 3mg modulus of rubber is closest to [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 104 Nm–2 (2) 103 Nm–2
mg mg
(3) (4) (3) 108 Nm–2 (4) 106 Nm–2
3Ka Ka
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9. Young’s moduli of two wires A and B are in the ratio 15. If Y, K and  are the values of Young’s modulus,
7 : 4. Wire A is 2 m long and has radius R. Wire B bulk modulus and modulus of rigidity of any
is 1.5 m long and has radius 2 mm. If the two wires material respectively. Choose the correct relation
stretch by the same length for a given load, then the for these parameters. [JEE (Main)-2021]
value of R is close to [JEE (Main)-2019]
9K 
(1) 1.3 mm (2) 1.9 mm (1) Y  N / m2
3K – 
(3) 1.5 mm (4) 1.7 mm
10. In an experiment, brass and steel wires of length 9K 
(2) Y  N / m2
1 m each with areas of cross section 2  3K
1 mm 2 are used. The wires are connected in
series and one end of the combined wire is Y
connected to a rigid support and other end is (3) K  N / m2
9 – 3Y
subjected to elongation. The stress required to
produce a net elongation of 0.2 mm is,
3YK
[Given, the Young’s Modulus for steel and (4)   N / m2
9K  Y
brass are, respectively, 120 × 10 9 N/m 2 and
60 × 109 N/m 2] [JEE (Main)-2019] 16. A uniform metallic wire is elongated by 0.04 m
(1) 1.8 × 106 N/m2 (2) 1.2 × 106 N/m2 when subjected to a linear force F. The elongation,
if its length and diameter is doubled and subjected
(3) 8.0 × 106 N/m2 (4) 0.2 × 106 N/m2 to the same force will be _____cm.
11. The elastic limit of brass is 379 MPa. What should [JEE (Main)-2021]
be the minimum diameter of a brass rod if it is to
17. The normal density of a material is  and its bulk
support a 400 N load without exceeding its elastic
modulus of elasticity is K. The magnitude of
limit? [JEE (Main)-2019]
increase in density of material, when a pressure P
(1) 0.90 mm (2) 1.16 mm is applied uniformly on all sides, will be :
(3) 1.00 mm (4) 1.36 mm [JEE (Main)-2021]
12. Two steel wires having same length are suspended
from a ceiling under the same load. If the ratio of P K
(1) (2)
their energy stored per unit volume is 1 : 4, the K P
ratio of their diameters is [JEE (Main)-2020]
K PK
(1) 2 :1 (3) (4)
P 
(2) 2 : 1
18. An object is located at 2 km beneath the surface
(3) 1: 2
V
(4) 1 : 2 of the water. If the fractional compression is
V
13. A cube of metal is subjected to a hydrostatic
1.36%, the ratio of hydraulic stress to the
pressure of 4 GPa. The percentage change in the
corresponding hydraulic strain will be _______.
length of the side of the cube is close to
(Given bulk modulus of metal, B = 8 × 1010 Pa) [Given: density of water is 1000 kgm –3 and
g = 9.8 ms–2] [JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 0.6 (1) 1.44 × 107 Nm–2 (2) 2.26 × 109 Nm–2
(2) 20 (3) 1.96 × 107 Nm–2 (4) 1.44 × 109 Nm–2
(3) 1.67 19. Two separate wires A and B are stretched by 2
(4) 5 mm and 4 mm respectively, when they are
subjected to a force of 2 N. Assume that both the
14. A body of mass m = 10 kg is attached to one end
wires are made up of same material and the radius
of a wire of length 0.3 m. The maximum angular
of wire B is 4 times that of the radius of wire A.
speed (in rad s –1) with which it can be rotated
about its other end in space station in (Breaking The length of the wires A and B are in the ratio of
stress of wire = 4.8 × 107 Nm–2 and area of cross- a 1
section of the wire = 10–2 cm2 ) is a : b Then can be expressed as where x
b x
[JEE (Main)-2020] is ____. [JEE (Main)-2021]

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20. The value of tension in a long thin metal wire has 24. Wires W 1 and W 2 are made of same material
been changed from T1 to T2. The lengths of the having the breaking stress of 1.25 × 109 N/m2. W 1
metal wire at two different values of tension T1 and and W 2 have cross-sectional area of 8 × 10–7 m2
T2 are l1 and l2 respectively. The actual length of
and 4 × 10–7 m 2, respectively. Masses of 20 kg
the metal wire is [JEE (Main)-2021]
and 10 kg hang from them as shown in the figure.
T1l1  T2 l2 The maximum mass that can be placed in the pan
(1) T1T2l1l2 (2) T1  T2 without breaking the wires is ___ kg.
(Use g = 10 m/s2) [JEE (Main)-2021]
T1l2  T2l1 l1  l2
(3) T1  T2 (4)
2
21. The length of a metal wire is l1, when the tension W1
in it is T1 and is l2 When the tension is T2. The
natural length of the wire is: [JEE (Main)-2021] 20 kg
W2
l1T2  l 2 T1
(1) l1l 2 (2) 10 kg
T2  T1

l1  l 2 l1T2  l 2 T1 pan
(3) (4)
2 T2  T1
25. A uniform heavy rod of weight 10 kg ms–2, cross-
22. Two wires of same length and radius are joined sectional area 100 cm 2 and length 20 cm is
end to end and loaded. The Young’s modulii of the hanging from a fixed support. Young's modulus of
materials of the two wires are Y1 and Y2. The the material of the rod is 2 × 1011 Nm–2. Neglecting
combination behaves as a single wire then its
the lateral contraction, find the elongation of rod due
Young’s modulus is [JEE (Main)-2021]
to its own weight : [JEE (Main)-2021]
2Y1Y2 Y1Y2
(1) Y  (2) Y
3  Y1  Y2  2  Y1  Y2  (1) 5 × 10–8 m

2Y1Y2 Y1Y2 (2) 5 × 10–10 m

(3) Y  (4) Y
Y1  Y2 Y1  Y2 (3) 2 × 10–9 m
23. Two blocks of masses 3 kg and 5 kg are (4) 4 × 10–8 m
connected by a metal wire going over a smooth
pulley. The breaking stress of the metal is 26. Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of mild
24 steel support a big structure of mass 50 × 103 kg.
 102 Nm2 . What is the minimum radius of the The inner and outer radii of each column are 50 cm

wire? (take g = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2021] and 100 cm respectively. Assuming uniform local
distribution, calculate the compression strain of
each column. [JEE (Main)-2021]
[use Y = 2.0 × 1011 Pa, g = 9.8 m/s2]
(1) 3.60 × 10–8
(2) 1.87 × 10–3
(3) 7.07 × 10–4
3 kg
(4) 2.60 × 10–7

5 kg 27. A steel rod with y = 2.0 × 10 11 Nm –2 and

 = 10 –5 °C –1 of length 4 m and area of
(1) 1250 cm
cross-section 10 cm2 is heated from 0°C to 400°C
(2) 125 cm
without being allowed to extend. The tension
(3) 1.25 cm produced in the rod is x × 105 N where the value
(4) 12.5 cm of x is ______. [JEE (Main)-2021]

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28. The bulk modulus of a liquid is 3 × 1010 Nm–2. The 33. A square aluminium (shear m odulus is
pressure required to reduce the volume of liquid by 25 × 109 Nm–2) slab of side 60 cm and thickness
2% is [JEE (Main)-2022]
15 cm is subjected to a shearing force (on its narrow
(1) 3 × 108 Nm–2 (2) 9 × 108 Nm–2 face) of 18.0 × 104 N. The lower edge is riveted to the
(3) 6 × 108 Nm–2 (4) 12 × 108 Nm–2 floor. The displacement of the upper edge is
______m. [JEE (Main)-2022]
29. The elastic behaviour of material for linear stress and
linear strain, is shown in the figure. The energy
34. A steel wire of length 3.2 m (Ys = 2.0 × 1011 Nm–2) and
density for a linear strain of 5 × 10–4 is ____ kJ/m3.
Assume that material is elastic upto the linear strain a copper wire of length 4.4 m (Yc = 1.1 × 1011 Nm–2),
of 5 × 10–4. [JEE (Main)-2022] both of radius 1.4 mm are connected end to end.
When stretched by a load, the net elongation is found
to be 1.4 mm. The load applied, in Newton, will be:

22
(Given   ) [JEE (Main)-2022]
7

(1) 360

(2) 180

(3) 1080

30. The elongation of a wire on the surface of the earth is (4) 154
10–4 m. The same wire of same dimensions is
elongated by 6 × 10–5 m on another planet. The 35. In an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus,
acceleration due to gravity on the planet will be ___ steel wires of five different lengths
ms–2. (Take acceleration due to gravity on the surface
(1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m) but of same cross section (2 mm2)
of earth = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2022]
were taken and curves between extension and load
31. A wire of length L is hanging from a fixed support. The
length changes to L 1 and L 2 when masses were obtained. The slope (extension/load) of the
1 kg and 2 kg are suspended respectively from its curves were plotted with the wire length and the
free end. Then the value of L is equal to following graph is obtained. If the Young’s modulus
[JEE (Main)-2022]
of given steel wires is x × 1011 Nm–2, then the value of
(1) L1L2 x is ______. [JEE (Main)-2022]

L1  L2
(2)
2
(3) 2L1 – L2
(4) 3L1 – 2L2
32. A wire of length L and radius r is clamped rigidly at
one end. When the other end of the wire is pulled by
a force F, its length increases by 5 cm. Another wire
of the same material of length 4L and radius 4r is
pulled by a force 4F under same conditions. The
increase in length of this wire is ___ cm.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
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36. The force required to stretch a wire of cross-section 39. A metal wire of length 0.5 m and cross-sectional area
1 cm 2 to double its length will be: 10–4 m2 has breaking stress 5 × 108 Nm –2. A block of
10 kg is attached at one end of the string and is
(Given Young’s modulus of the wire = 2 × 1011 N/m 2)
rotating in a horizontal circle. The maximum linear
[JEE (Main)-2022] velocity of block will be _____ ms–1.
(1) 1 × 107 N (2) 1.5 × 107 N
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(3) 2 × 107 N (4) 2.5 × 107 N
40. A uniform heavy rod of mass 20 kg, cross sectional
37. A string of area of cross-section 4 mm2 and length area 0.4 m2 and length 20 m is hanging from a fixed
0.5 m is connected with a rigid body of mass 2 kg. support. Neglecting the lateral contraction, the elongation
The body is rotated in a vertical circular path of radius in the rod due to its own weight is x × 10–9 m. The value
0.5 m. The body acquires a speed of 5 m/s at the of x is _____
bottom of the circular path. Strain produced in the
(Given Young’s modulus Y = 2 × 1011 Nm –2 and
string when the body is at the bottom of the circle is g = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2022]
______×10–5.
41. The area of cross section of the rope used to lift
(use Young’s modulus 1011 N/m 2 and g = 10 m/s2) a load by a crane is 2.5 × 10–4 m2. The maximum
[JEE (Main)-2022] lifting capacity of the crane is 10 metric tons. To
38. If the length of a wire is made double and radius is increase the lifting capacity of the crane to 25
halved of its respective values. Then, the Young’s metric tons, The required area of cross section of
modulus of the material of the wire will : the rope should be

[JEE (Main)-2022] (take g = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2022]

(1) Remain same (1) 6.25 × 10–4 m2
(2) Become 8 times its initial value
(2) 10 × 10–4 m2
1
(3) Become th of its initial value (3) 1 × 10–4 m2
4
(4) Become 4 times its initial value (4) 1.67 × 10–4 m2



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Chapter 7

Mechanical Properties of Solids

1. Answer (3) 4. Answer (3)

F l dP
Y K  V
A l dV

dV dP mg
lA2 lA2   
 F= Y = Y V K Ka
Al V
3dr mg
 F  A2  
r Ka
F 1
 = dr mg
F 9  
r 3Ka
 F  = 9F 5. Answer (2)
2. Answer (4) LThermal = L0  T (+ve)
F
l
 t
l
FL0
LMechanical = ( ve )
Stress = Yt AY
3. Answer (1)
Leff = 0  L  T  FL0
0
AY
vf
 93
vi F F
 Y = A  T  A  T
 Density remains same
6. Answer (4)
So, mass  Volume Area of wire A = r 2
mf Mg 
 93  Y
mi r 2 0

Mg 4  10 3
(Area)f   ·Y ...(i)
 92 r 2 2
(Area)i
8v00 = M
Now when load is immersed in liquid then
(Mass)  g
Stress =
Area 8v 0 0 g  2v 0 0 g 
 Y ...(ii)
r 2 0
2  mf   Ai 
 6v 0 0 g 
1  mi   Af    Y
r 2 0

93  6v 0 0 g
 2
9 
9 3 8v 0 0 g
4  10
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 11. Answer (2)
6
    4  10 3 m
8 400
Stress = 2
 379  106 N/m2
  = 3 × 10–3 m = 3 mm r
7. Answer (2) 400
2
 r 
F 4  3.1 379  106 
Stress    3.1  106 N/m2 2r  1.15 mm
A   (2  10 3 )2
12. Answer (1)
8. Answer (4)
1
1  YA  1 Energy desnsity = stress × Strain
 2
 ( l )  mv
2 2
2  L  2
1F F
2 Energy density = 
mv L 2 A AY
 Y
A ( l )2 4
u1  d 2 
 
0.02  400  0.42  4 u2  d1 

  36  10 6  0.04
d1
= 2.3 × 106 N/m2  (4)1/ 4
d2
So, order is 106.
9. Answer (4) d1
 2 :1
FL d2
L =
YA 13. Answer (3)
LA LB v p 1
 Y r2  Y r2 v

B

20
A A B B

l 1 p 1
2 LA YB  
 rA  ·
LB YA
· rB l 3 B 60
l 5
 100   1.67%
2 2 4 l 3
  2 mm
37 14. Answer (4)
4 T = ml2
  2  1.7 mm
4.58 T ml 2
 
10. Answer (3) A A
ml 2
 48  107
Brass steel F A
(48  107 )A
Corresponding to the stress ()  2 
ml
L1 L2
Total elongation  Inet   2 (48  107 ) (10 –6 )
Y1 Y2     16
10  3
 YY   max = 4 rad/s
  I  1 2 
 Y1  Y2  15. Answer (3)
9K
 120  60   Y
 0.2  103     10
9
  3K
 180 
Y
N  K
 8  106 9  3Y
m2
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16. Answer (2) 20. Answer (3)

FL Let k be constant
l =
AY k(l1 – l0) = T1
l2 L2 A1 k(l2 – l0) = T2

l1 A 2 L1
T1 T2

 L   A1  1 ( l1  l0 ) ( l2  l0 )
l2   2    l1  2   4  2 cm
 L1   A 2  4
 T l  T2 l1 
17. Answer (1) l0   1 2 
 T1  T2 
P
K
 V  21. Answer (2)
– 
 V  T1 = k(l1 – l0) (i)

V  T2 = k(l2 – l0) (ii)

 – 
V  From (i) and (ii)

P l1T2  l 2 T1
 K l0 
   T2  T1
 
  
22. Answer (3)
 P L = L1 +L2
 
 K
F F F
P   
    YA   Y1A   Y2 A 
K      
 2L   L   L 
18. Answer (4)

Stress P 2L L L
   
Strain  V  YA Y1A Y2 A
 
 V 
2 L L
  
gh Y Y1 Y2

 V 
 
 V  2Y1Y2
 Y
Y1  Y2
103  9.8  2  103

 1.36  23. Answer (4)
 
 100 
5g  3g
Acceleration, a 
= 1.44 × 109 N/m2 8
19. Answer (32)
2g g
F  
  8 4
Ay

 A  A rB2 2 A T
   2    16
 B  B rA 4 B 5g
FBD of 5 kg g/4  5g  T 
4
A 1
 
 B 32  x = 32 5g

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 15g 10  0.20
T 
4 2  100  104  2  1011

= 0.50 × 10–9
Now, T  24  102
r 2 
= 5 × 10–10

15g 5 26. Answer (4)

r2  r  m
4  24  10 2 4  10

rmin = 12.5 cm

24. Answer (40)

(m  30)g
1  7
 1.25  109
8  10 mg
Compressive force on each column 
4
 m + 30 = 100

m = 70 F
Stress 
A
(m  10)g
2   1.25  109
4  107 F
Strain 
AY
m + 10 = 50
m = 40 mg

 40 kg is safest maximum mass 4Y[r22  r12 ]

25. Answer (2)

50  103  9.8

4  2  1011[12  (0.50)2 ]

50  103  9.8
dx 
6  1011

x
5  9.8  10 7
  2.6  107
6

27. Answer (8)

m
Tension in the rod at distance x is, T  xg F = Y ·A
l
= 2 × 1011 × 10–5 × 400 × 10 × 10–4
dy
YA T
dx = 8 × 105 N
28. Answer (3)
T dx
dy 
YA
P
 B
mg  V 
 dy   AY xdx  
 V 

mgl  P = 3 × 1010 × (0.02)

y
2AY
= 6 × 108 N/m 2

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29. Answer (25) 33. Answer (48)

1
ud   Y  (strain)2
2

1  20 
 
2
   5  10–4
2  10 –10 

= 1011 × 25 × 10–8
= 25 × 103 J/m 3
= 25 kJ/m3
30. Answer (6) Fl
Y 
Al
M gl
l 
2A y Fl
l 
YA
 Dl  g

gp l p 6  10–5 18  104  60  102

   
ge l e 10  10–5 25  109  60  15  104

 gp = 6 m/s2 as ge = 10 m/s2 = 48 × 10–6 m

31. Answer (3)
34. Answer (4)
FL
y ls + lc = 1.4
AL
Wls Wlc
FL   1.4  10 3
 L  Ys A Yc  A
Ay

(1g )L 1.4  10 3
 L1  L  …(i) W 
Ay  
 3.2 4.4  1
  2
    1011
2
3
(2g )L  2    1.4  10 1.1   1.4  103 
and L2  L  …(ii)
Ay
W  154 N
 L = 2L1 – L2
32. Answer (5) 35. Answer (2)

F/A F l
Y Y 
L / L A  l

FL
 L  1 Wire length
AY  
A Extension
L2 F  L   A  load
  2  2  1 
L1  F1   L1   A2 
1  1 
Y   
–5
A  0.25  10 
1
 4 4 1
16
Y = 1011 × 2
L2 = L1 = 5 cm. x=2

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36. Answer (3)  = 5 × 108
A = 1 cm2
mv 2
 5  108
Fl lA
Y 
A l

1
YAl 2  1011  104  l 5  108   10 –4
F  v 2 = 5 × 10 = 50 m/s
l l 10
= 2 × 107 N
40. Answer (25)
37. Answer (30)

A = 4 × 10–6 m 2 F
A Y
l = 0.5 m L
m = 2 kg L

vb = 5 m/s
FL TavgL MgL
V 2  L   
AY AY 2 AY
Tb  mg  m  b 
 l 
 
20  10  20 4  103  10–11
25 = 
= 20  2   120 N 2  0.4  2  1011 4  0.4
1
2 = 2.5 × 10–8 = 25 × 10–9

l Tb 1 120 41. Answer (1)

    10 –11  30  10 –5
l A Y 4  10 –6
W1 W2
38. Answer (1) 
A1 A2
Young’s modulus of matter depends on material of
wire and is independent of the dimensions of the
wire. As the material remains same so Young’s W2
 A2  W A1
modulus also remain same. 1

39. Answer (50)

A = 10–4 m 2 25
  2.5  10 4
10
1
l m
2 = 6.25 × 10–4 m 2



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