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Edc Report

The Laser Security System is an electronic project that detects interruptions in a laser beam using an LDR, activating a buzzer when the beam is blocked. It consists of basic components like a transistor, LDR, and laser pointer, making it suitable for low-level security applications. While simple and cost-effective, it has limitations such as requiring line-of-sight and being affected by ambient light.

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15 views3 pages

Edc Report

The Laser Security System is an electronic project that detects interruptions in a laser beam using an LDR, activating a buzzer when the beam is blocked. It consists of basic components like a transistor, LDR, and laser pointer, making it suitable for low-level security applications. While simple and cost-effective, it has limitations such as requiring line-of-sight and being affected by ambient light.

Uploaded by

abdulrafayjaved29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Project Report: Laser Security System

1. Introduction:

The Laser Security System is a simple, cost-effective electronic project that uses a laser
beam and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to detect any interruption in the beam's path.
When the laser beam is interrupted (e.g., by an intruder), a buzzer is activated to alert the
user.

This system is often used in low-level security applications like lockers, rooms, or small
perimeters.

2. Components Required:

S. No. Component Specification Quantity

1 Transistor BC547 (NPN) 1

2 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Standard 1

3 Resistor 4.7kΩ 1

4 Buzzer 5V piezo 1

5 Laser Pointer Green Laser (~650nm) 1

6 Power Supply 5V-9V DC 1

7 Connecting wires - As required

3. Circuit Diagram:
4. Working Principle:

• The LDR is a sensor that changes its resistance based on the light falling on it. When
light (laser) continuously falls on it, its resistance decreases significantly.

• The BC547 transistor acts as a switch. When the base-emitter voltage exceeds
~0.7V, it turns on and conducts current from collector to emitter.

• The 4.7kΩ resistor pulls up the voltage to the base of the transistor.

• In normal condition, the laser is always on and pointed at the LDR, keeping it in a
low-resistance state. This biases the transistor and keeps it in ON state, bypassing
the buzzer.

• When someone interrupts the laser beam, the LDR's resistance increases sharply,
reducing base voltage of the transistor. As a result, the transistor turns OFF, and
current flows through the buzzer, activating it.

5. Operation Steps:

1. Power up the circuit.

2. Align the laser beam directly at the LDR.

3. In normal condition, the buzzer remains off as the transistor is ON.

4. If the laser is blocked, the LDR becomes highly resistive, turning off the transistor
and activating the buzzer.

6. Applications:

• Door security systems

• Locker and safe protection

• Window security alarms

• Tripwire-based intruder detection

7. Advantages:

• Simple and cost-effective


• Low power consumption

• Can be integrated into larger security systems

8. Limitations:

• Works only in a line-of-sight environment

• LDR response can be affected by ambient lighting

• Requires precise alignment of the laser

9. Safety Precautions:

• Do not look directly into the laser beam.

• Use low-power lasers (Class 1 or Class 2).

• Ensure connections are correct to prevent damage to components.

10. Conclusion:

This Laser Security System demonstrates the fundamental working of an intrusion


detection mechanism using basic electronic components. It's a good starting point for
beginners to understand the practical applications of transistors and sensors in security
systems.

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