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Random Variables and Probability Distribution

A random variable is a variable whose values arise from chance factors and cannot be predicted in advance, categorized into discrete and continuous types. Discrete random variables are defined over discrete sample spaces, while continuous random variables are defined over continuous sample spaces. Probability distributions describe the likelihood of outcomes for both discrete and continuous random variables.

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9 views2 pages

Random Variables and Probability Distribution

A random variable is a variable whose values arise from chance factors and cannot be predicted in advance, categorized into discrete and continuous types. Discrete random variables are defined over discrete sample spaces, while continuous random variables are defined over continuous sample spaces. Probability distributions describe the likelihood of outcomes for both discrete and continuous random variables.

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Random Variable:

A variable whose values are any definite numbers or quantities that arise as a result of chance
factors such that they cannot exactly be predicted in advance is called a random variable.

Types of Random Variables:

• Discrete
• Continuous

Discrete:

A random variable defined over a discrete sample space is called a discrete random variable.

Example: Number of telephone numbers, Number of correct answers in 100 mcq, Number of
bulbs, etc.

Continuous:

A random variable defined over a continuous sample space is called a continuous random
variable.

Example: The baby's weight, the rate of interest offered by a bank, the longevity of an electric
bulb, and the temperature record.

Probability Distribution:

Probability distribution has the idea, parallel of a frequency distribution. Probability distribution
gives the possibility of each outcome of a random experiment or event.

Probability distribution

Discrete Continuous
Discrete Probability distribution: A discrete probability distribution describes the probability
of occurrence of each possible outcome in a discrete random variable.
Example: If a coin is tossed 3 times, the sample space will consist of eight possible outcomes,

𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}


If X expresses the number of heads, then X can take values as 0, 1, 2, 3

The probability distribution will be,


Values of 0 1 2 3
X:x
P(X=x) 1 3 3 1
8 8 8 8

Continuous probability distribution:

A continuous probability distribution describes the probabilities of the possible values of a


continuous random variable

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