Contents
A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
B. Important Keywords ..................................................................................................... 1
C. Counting In 5, 10, Or 20............................................................................................... 2
D. Odd And Even Numbers........................................................................................... 4
E. Successor and Predecessor..................................................................................... 5
F. Face Value and Place Value .................................................................................... 7
G. Expanded Form of A Number ............................................................................... 8
H. Ascending and Descending Order .................................................................. 10
I. Forming Numbers Using Given Digits .............................................................11
j. Bird's eye view ..................................................................................................................13
K. Solved examples ............................................................................................................13
L. Practice yourself .............................................................................................................15
M. Solutions ........................................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 2
FUN WITH NUMBERS
A. Introduction
Numbers are the most fundamental entity in Mathematics. The
numbers are used to count, and measure anything and everything
around us. In this chapter, we are going to have much fun with
numbers. Let us start,
B. Important Keywords
Mathematics has its own symbols and language. The words that act
as the key to a cypher or code is called a keyword. Most of these
keywords represent mathematical operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and etc. Let us have a look at the
keywords and their meanings,
Try and learn
The keywords such as More than, increased by, Sum, and Age Later
represent Addition operation.
1. 2 more than 7 = 7 + 2 = 9
2. 5 increased by 2 = 5 + 2 = 7
3. Sum of 4 and 7 = 4 + 7 = 11
The keywords Less than, Decreased by, Difference, and Age ago
mean subtraction.
4. 4 less than 9 = 9 – 4 = 5
5. 5 decreased by 4 = 5 – 4 = 1
6. Present age = 12 years,
7. Age 5 years ago = 12 – 5 = 7 years
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
The keywords Product, of and Times mean multiplication.
8. 15 times 3 = 15 × 3 = 45
9. 4 times 5 = 4 × 5 = 20
10. The product of 3 and 7 = 3 × 7 = 21
C. Counting In 5, 10, Or 20
1, 2, 3, 4, … is the counting that we all have learnt so far. This can also
be understood as a pattern in which the numbers are increasing by
1. If the numbers increase by some other quantity, let us say 5, 10 or
20, we will get another pattern.
Let us consider that the numbers are increasing by 5, and we start
with 1. So, the pattern will be 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, and so on.
Similarly, we can consider that the numbers are increasing by 10,
and let us say we start with 12. So, the pattern will be 12, 22, 32, 42, 52,
and so on.
Try and learn
1. 17, 22, 27, 32, 37 is a pattern in which the numbers are increasing
by 5.
2. 41, 51, 61, 71 is a pattern in which the numbers are increasing by
10.
3. 3, 23, 43, 63, 83 is a pattern in which the numbers are increasing
by 20.
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
Checkpoint 1
1. Find the number which is 3 more than 12.
(a)15 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 13
2. Find the difference of 9 and 7.
(a)16 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 10
3. What number do we obtain if we increase 15 by 21?
(a) 35 (b) 6 (c) 26 (d) 36
4. Ross wrote a number which is 17 less than 25. What number did
Ross write?
(a) 32 (b) 18 (c) 8 (d) 28
5. What will be the product of 12 and 8.
(a)96 (b) 86 (c) 106 (d) 76
6. 9 times of 13 will be,
(a)107 (b) 117 (c) 127 (d) 97
7. Find the missing number in the pattern 5, 10, 15, …, 25, 30, 35
(a)10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
8. Find the next two numbers in the given pattern,
1, 6, 11, 16, 21, ……..
(a)21, 26 (b) 26, 31 (c) 31, 36 (d) 36, 41
9. What will be the next number in the following pattern, 23, 33, 43,
53, 63, …..
(a)73 (b) 77
(c) 83 (d) None of the above
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
10. What will be the next number in the following pattern,
17, 20, 23, 26, 29,…
(a) 31 (b) 32 (c) 33 (d) 34
D. Odd and Even Numbers
Odd Numbers: The numbers that end with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 are called
odd numbers. In other words, the numbers that have 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 at
the unit's place are called odd numbers.
Try and learn
1. 23 is an odd number. Why? Because it ends with 3.
2. 57 is an odd number as it ends with 7.
3. 119 is an odd number as it ends with 9.
4. 235 is an odd number as it ends with 5.
5. 3791 is an odd number as it ends with 1.
Even Numbers: The numbers that end with 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0 are called
even numbers. In other words, these can also be understood as the
numbers that have 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 at the unit's place.
6. 0 is an even number. Why? Because the last and only digit in it is
0.
7. 34 is an even number as it ends with 4.
8. 866 is an even number as it ends with 6.
9. 52 is an even number as it ends with 2.
10. 178 is an even number because it ends with 8.
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
Do you know?
All even numbers are divisible by 2.
An even number appears before and after an odd number on a
number line.
• The addition of two even numbers gives us an even number.
• The sum of three or more even numbers will always be an even
number.
• The addition of two odd numbers gives us an even number.
• The sum of three odd numbers results in an odd number.
• The difference of any two or more even numbers is always an even
number.
• The difference of two odd numbers is an even number.
• If an even number is multiplied by a number, the resulting
number is always an even number.
• The product of two or more odd numbers gives us an odd
number.
E. Successor and Predecessor
Successor of a number: The number which comes immediately
after a particular number is called its successor. For finding the
successor of a given number, we can add 1 to it.
Try and learn
1. 4 is the successor of 3.
2. 19 is the successor of 18.
3. 598 is the successor of 597.
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
Predecessor of a number: The number which comes immediately
before a particular number is called its predecessor. To find the
predecessor of a given number, we can subtract 1 from it.
Try and learn:
4. 14 is the predecessor of 15.
5. 191 is the predecessor of 192.
6. 596 is the predecessor of 597.
Checkpoint 2
1. Which of the following is an odd number?
(a) 23 (b) 32
(c) 22 (d) None of the above
2. What will be the sum of first three odd numbers?
(a)8 (b) 9 (c) 4 (d) 10
3. Which of the following is the first even number?
(a)1 ` (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
4. What will be the sum of first two even numbers?
(a)4 (b) 6
(c) 2 (d) None of the above
5. Which of the following will give us an even number?
(a)3*7 (b) 4*3 (c) 1*5 (d) 3*5
6. The sum of three odd number is always,
(a)Odd (b) Even
(c) 0 (d) None of the above
7. What will be the successor of 16945?
(a)16946 (b) 16944
(c) 16945 (d) None of the above
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
8. What is the predecessor of 1275?
(a)1275 (b) 1276 (c) 1274 (d) 1273
9. Spiderman and venom are having a fight. Venom is hiding in a
room, and the room number of this room is the successor of 9874.
Can you tell in which room spiderman should attack so that it can
kill venom?
(a)9876 (b) 9875 (c) 9877 (d) 9800
10. Motu and Patlu are playing hide and seek game. Motu is hiding
in a room, and the room number of this room is the successor of
the predecessor of 12340. Can you help Patlu by telling him the
room number?
(a)12340 (b) 12341 (c) 12339 (d) 12342
F. Face Value and Place Value
Place Value: The place value of a digit in a given number is defined
as the number multiplied by its place, such as tenth or hundredth.
Try and learn
1. The place value of 4 in 345 is 40.
4 is at tens place, so the place value is calculated by 4*10 = 40
2. The place value of 8 in 9803 is 800.
8 is at the hundreds place, so its place value will be 8*100 = 800
3. The place value of 6 in 56479 is 6000.
6 is at the thousands place, so its place value will be 6*1000 = 6000
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
4. Let us consider a number, 56479.
Place value of 5 in 56479 is 5 × 10000 = 50000
Place value of 6 in 56479 will be 6 × 1000 = 6000
Place value of 4 in 56479 is 4 × 100 = 400
Place value of 7 in 56479 is 7 × 10 = 70
Place value of 9 in 56479 will be 9 × 1 = 9
Face Value: The face value of a digit in a given number is the digit
itself.
5. Let us consider a number 7645,
The face value of 7 in the given number is 7.
Face value of 6 in 7645 will be 6.
Face value of 4 in 7645 is 4
Face value of 5 in 7645 is 5.
G. Expanded Form of A Number
In the expanded form, a number is represented as addition place
values of all its digits.
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
Try and learn
1. 28 can be represented as 20 + 8 in its expanded form.
2. The expanded form of 3856 will be 3000 + 800 + 50 + 6
3. 98576 can be represented as 90000 + 8000 + 500 + 70 + 6 in its
expanded form.
Checkpoint 3
1. What is the place value to 2 in 234?
(a)2 (b) 20
(c) 200 (d) None of the above
2. Find out the face value of 3 in 234.
(a)300 (b) 3
(c) 30 (d) None of the above
3. Find out the place value of 9 in 69456.
(a)90000 (b) 9000
(c) 900 (d)90
4. Find the face value of 5 in 98547.
(a)500 (b) 50
(c) 5 (d) 5000
5. What is the difference between the place value and face value of
3 in 342?
(a)297 (b) 300
(c) 3 (d) None of the above
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
6. What will be the sum of the place value and face value of 6 in
76543?
(a)6000 (b) 5994
(c) 6006 (d) None of the above
7. Represent 41537 in its expanded form.
8. Represent 75658 in the expanded form.
9. Represent 50768 in its expanded form.
10. Represent 397125 in the expanded form.
H. Ascending and Descending Order
Ascending Order: Two or more numbers are said to be in ascending
order when they are arranged from smallest to largest.
Try and learn
1. The ascending order of 35, 12, 97, 4, 956 will be 4, 12, 35, 97, 956.
2. The ascending order of 43, 77, 56, 10, 1, 160 arranged in ascending
order are 1, 10, 43, 56, 77, 160.
Descending Order: Two or more numbers are said to be in
descending order when they are arranged from largest to smallest.
Try and learn
1. The descending order of 19, 5, 946, 45, 45985 will be 45985, 946,
45, 19, 5.
2. The descending order of 35, 12, 87, 4, 956 will be 956, 87, 35, 12, 4.
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
I. Forming Numbers Using Given Digits
Suppose few digits are given to us, and we are asked to form the
smallest/largest number with these digits. To form the greatest and
smallest numbers, we can arrange the numbers in ascending and
descending order.
We can form the greatest number by arranging the given digits in
descending order. Similarly, the smallest number can be formed by
arranging the digits in ascending order.
The position of the digit at the extreme left of a number increases its
place value. So the greatest digit should be placed at the extreme
left side of the number to enhance its value.
If one of the given digits is 0, we never write the digit 0 at the
extreme left place; instead, we write 0 at the second place from the
left to get the smallest number.
Try and learn
1. Form the largest three-digit number using the digits 3, 4, and 7.
2. On arranging 3, 4, and 7 in descending order, we get 7, 4, 3. So,
743 will be the largest three-digit number that can be formed
using 3, 4, and 7.
3. Form the smallest 4 digit number using the digits 7, 2, 4, and 9.
4. On arranging the given digits in ascending order, we obtain 2, 4,
7, 9. So, 2479 will be the smallest 4 digit number that we can form
using 2, 4, 7, and 9.
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CHAPTER 2
FUN WITH NUMBERS
Checkpoint 4
Arrange the numbers in ascending order.
1. 589, 992, 592, 154
2. 441, 896, 971, 582
3. 864, 199, 163, 274
Arrange the numbers in descending order.
4. 69, 5, 40, 81
5. 538, 495, 671
6. 536, 949, 750, 163
7. Find the greatest number that can be formed with the digits 6, 4,
2, and 7.
(a)6427 (b) 7642 (c) 7624 (d) 7462
8. Find the smallest four-digit number that can be formed using the
digits 7, 5, 9, and 4.
(a)4579 (b) 4759 (c) 457 (d) 45
9. Find the smallest three digit number that can be formed using
digits 1, 4, 7, 0, 6
(a)014 (b) 104 (c) 146 (d) 147
10. Find the greatest four-digit number that can be formed using 0,
1, 5, 7, 9, 6.
(a)976510 (b) 97651 (c) 9765 (d) 97650
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
j. Bird’s-eye view
• Even numbers are the numbers that end either with 2, 4, 6, 8 or
0.
• Odd numbers are the numbers that end either with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
• The sum and difference of two or more even numbers give us an
even number.
• The sum and difference of two odd numbers give us an even
number.
• The product of two or more odd numbers gives us an odd
number.
• To find the successor of a given number, we have to add 1 to it.
• To find the predecessor of a given number, we have to subtract 1
from it.
• Arranging the numbers in Ascending order means arranging
them in increasing order (from smallest to largest).
• Arranging the numbers in descending order means arranging
them in decreasing order (from largest to smallest).
K.
Solved examples
1. 5 more than 3
Solution: 5 + 3 = 8
2. Sheldon’s current age is 27 years. What was his age 5 years ago?
Solution: 27 – 5 = 22 years
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
3. Find the product of 13 and 9.
Solution: 13 × 9 = 117
4. Find the next two numbers in the pattern 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, …
Solution: 11 + 5 = 16, 16 + 5 = 21, 21 + 5 = 26, so the next two numbers
will be 36, and 41
5. Doraemon had 100 dora cakes; he gave 8 to Nobita. Does he have
an odd number of dora cakes left or even?
Solution: Even number - Even number = Even number
100-8 = 92, so Doraemon has an even number of dora cakes
remaining.
6. Is 10091 an even number or odd?
Solution: It is an odd number because it ends with 1
7. If the current year is 2021, what will be the successor year to the
current year?
Solution: 2021 + 1 = 2022 will be the successor to 2021.
8. What is the face value of 5 in 5199?
Solution: The face value of 5 in 5199 is 5.
9. What is the place value of 5 in 9150?
Solution: Place value of 5 will be 5 × 10 = 50.
10. Is the place value of 7 in 9071 higher or the face value of 7?
Solution: The place value of 7 is 70, and the face value is 7.
Therefore, the place value of 7 is higher.
11. What is the expanded form of 4492?
Solution: Expanded form of 4 × 1000 + 4 × 100 + 9 × 10 + 2 × 1
12. Write 91, 75, 28, 3, 9 in ascending order.
Solution: Ascending order of the series is 3, 9, 28, 75, 91.
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
13. Arrange 12, 78, 64, 10, 100 in the descending order:
Solution: 100, 78, 64, 12, 10.
14. What is the smallest 4-digit number that can be formed using
the digits 7, 3, 2, and 1?
Solution: On arranging 7, 3, 2, and 1 in the ascending order, we get
1, 2, 3, 7.
So, the smallest 4-digit number that can be formed from 7, 3, 2, 1
is 1237.
15. What is the largest 3 digit number that can be formed using 9, 3,
and 8
Solution: On arranging 9, 3, and 8 in descending order, we get 9,
8, 3.
So, the largest 3-digit number that can be formed using 9, 3, and
8 is 983.
L. Practice yourself
1. Find the missing numbers in the pattern,
12, 17, 22, ….., 37, 42, 47, 52.
(a)32, 37 (b) 27, 32
(c) 22, 27 (d) None of the above
2. Find the sum of the missing numbers in the pattern,
41, 51, 61, ……, 101, 111, 121
(a)233 (b) 232 (c) 244 (d) 243
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FUN WITH NUMBERS
3. What will be the sum of first four odd numbers?
(a)14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 17
4. What will be the sum of first four even numbers?
(a)10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 20
5. What will be the sum of first five even numbers?
(a)12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 20
6. Which of the following is an even number?
(a)166 (b) 167 (c) 169 (d) 165
7. Which of the following is not an even number?
(a)236 (b) 237 (c) 238 (d) 240
8. Find the difference between the predecessor and successor of a
number?
(a)0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None of the above
9. Find out the difference between the successor of 10 and the
predecessor of 12.
(a)0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)3
10. Find out the difference between the predecessor of 34 and the
successor of 29.
(a)2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 3
11. Find the place value of 4 in 5467.
(a)400 (b) 40 (c) 4000 (d) 4
12. Find out the face value of 6 in 6783.
(a)6000 (b) 600 (c) 60 (d) 6
13. What will be the difference between the place value of 4 and the
face value of 8 in 4658?
(a)4008 (b) 3992
(c) 7996 (d) None of the above
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CHAPTER 2
FUN WITH NUMBERS
14. What will be the sum of the place value of 3 and the place value
of 4 in 4375?
(a)4003 (b) 4030
(c) 4300 (d) 700
15. Find out the difference between the largest and smallest three-
digit numbers that can be formed using digits 1, 2, 4.
(a)279 (b) 179
(c) 197 (d) 297
1. Represent 9559 in its expanded form.
2. Represent 10732 in its expanded form.
3. Arrange -+
4. 1969, 1128, 914 in ascending order.
5. Arrange 1498, 2434, 3184, 2145 in increasing order.
6. Arrange 2910, 1132, 1964 in decreasing order.
7. Arrange 2018, 124, 4385, 7162 in descending order.
8. Find out the largest three-digit number that can be formed with
the digits 9, 5, 6, 8, and 7.
9. Find the largest four-digit number that can be formed with the
digits 7, 4, 9, and 2.
10. Find the sum of the largest four-digit number and smallest two-
digit number that can be formed using digits 1, 8, 5, 4, and 2.’
11. Find the difference between the largest five-digit number and
the smallest three-digit number that can be formed with the
digits 9, 5, 4, 7, and 3.
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CHAPTER 2
FUN WITH NUMBERS
Solutions
M.
Check Point 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B D C A B C B A B
Check Point 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B D C B A A C B A
Checkpoint 3
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. 40000 + 1000 + 500 + 30 + 7
8. 70000 + 5000 + 600 + 50 + 8
9. 50000 + 700 + 60 + 8
10. 300000 + 90000 + 7000 + 100 + 20 + 5
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CHAPTER 2
FUN WITH NUMBERS
Checkpoint 4
1. 154, 589, 592, 992
2. 441, 582, 896, 971
3. 163, 199, 274, 864
4. 81, 69, 40, 5
5. 671, 538, 495
6. 949, 750, 536, 163
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. C
Novice level
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B D C B D A B C A D A D B C D
Advance level
1. 9000 + 500 + 50 + 9 2. 10000+700+30+2
3. 914, 1128, 1969 4. 1498, 2145, 2434, 3184
5. 2910, 1964, 1132 6. 7162, 4385, 2018, 124
7. 987 8. 9742
9. 8554 10. 97198
19
