Unit 1 Grammar study material for Degree 1st and 2nd Semester

ARTICLES
_An Article is a word which determines the coming of the noun.

_There are 3 English Articles

They are, ‘A’‘An’ and ‘The’.

_’A’ and ‘An’ are the 2 indefinite articles, ‘The’ is the only definite Article.

_we use the indefinite Articles before a noun talking about someone or something uncertain.

Eg: Raj is reading a magazine.

Anil brought me a gift today.

_The Definite Article is used before a noun when talking about something or someone definite.

Eg: The telephone is ringing.

Shall I turn the radio on?

Sheela is in the garden.

_An Indefinite Article ‘An’is used before the words being with Vowels_AEIOU

Eg; I want to buy an umbrella.

I feel proud to be an Indian.

Robert Frost is an American poet.

Ravi is an English teacher.

Physics is an optional subject.

_The Definite Article ‘The’ is used before the Superlative Degree of comparison.

Eg; Bill Gates is therichest man.

Bacteria is theSmallest creature.

Madhavi is the tallest girl.

_The Definite Article ‘The’ is used before the names of unique books, rivers, directions and
objects.

Eg: The Ramayana, The Mahabharatha.

The Ganga The Kaveri.

The North The West

The Sun The Galaxy

 WORKED EXAMPLES

Fill up the blanks with suitable articles:

1. Sanakrir is a difficult language.

2. It is raining please carry the raincoat with you.
3. Prakash is a union leader.
4. He is the most intelligent boy in the class.
5. TheNayagara is the biggest waterfall in the world.
6. Barooq Obama is the president of America.
7. Copper is a usefull Metal.
8. There is a university in Ballery.
9. I have an idea to pass easily.
10.He is an Indian by birth not an American.
11.The Red fort is a historical monument.
12.The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
13.Tamilnadu is the southern part of India.
14.Vedavyasa wrote the Mahabharatha and the Ramayana is written by
Valmiki.
15.The Indian Ocean lies in the south India.
16.Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the world.
17.The Ganga is a holy river.
18.Ashoka was the wise king.
19.I will come back ina hour.
20.If you have please give me a one rupee coin.
 Unit 2 Grammar study material for all Degree 1st& 2nd semester

HOMONYMS_____Words confused

1. Accept: to consider

Eg—I accept your gift.

Except: Apart from

Eg—Except Geetha every student is good.

2. Altar: A place of worship

Eg—An altar is a must for the house.

Alter: To adjust

Eg—The tailor altered my dress.

3. Birth: Rise

Eg__ Write your date of birth

Bearth: A place to sleep in train

Eg—please reserve me a bearth in Hampi Express.

4. Decree: Verdict or Judgement

Eg__The judge pronounced the decree today.

Degree: A Graduation course.

Eg__ She did her BA degree successfully.

5. Brake: A device to stop the vehicle

Eg___ The accident happened due to break failure.

 Unit 3 Grammar Study Material for all Degree 1st and 2nd Semester

PREPOSITIONS

__ A PREPOSITION is a word that describes the position of a noun.

__ Around Across Above After On Behind at in under round during by for of about over
within without before till until_____ are some important English prepositions.

___ some prepositions are used to show the place

Eg__ Some children are playing on the beach.

Some children are hiding behind the rock.

Some children are sliding down the slide.

Some children are resting under a tree.

Some children are chasing after each other.

Some children are sitting round the sandcastle

---- Some prepositions are used to show time.

Eg___ The meeting starts at nine o’ clock.

Shops close on Sundays.

Tom was born on 5th February 1990.

Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus on 25th December.

They were married in 1990.

The traffic is very heavy in the morning.

There are very few people in the streets after midnight.

They visited pairs during the school holidays.

____Some prepositions are used for other purposes.

Eg___ Many people travel by train.

Everybody is looking at her.

They are talking about the football game.

Peter is walking home with Tom.

The Owl danced with the pussy cat.

They are always quarrelling witheach other.

Bob was late and the bus left without him.

Bill has egg ham for breakfast.

Exercises:

Fill up the blanks with suitable Prepositions

1. I was in the class _____ 9 A.M.

2. The minister distributed the books _____the students.

3. The book is _____the table.

4. The ball fell ____the bucket.

5. The boy ran ____the road.

6. The man walked______ the river.

7. The sky is ______us.

8. This gift is only _____you.

9. I prefer coffee ___ tea.

10. The students quarrelled ____ themselves.

11. My house is ____ the temple.

12. I will file a petition ____ you.

13. Once _____ a time there lived a king.

14. I stood very close _____ my friend.

15. You should complete the work ____ 9 A.M.

16. I received a letter _____ my friend.

17. Hampi Express leaves _____10 AM

18. The beach is made ______ wood and Iron.

19. The principal walks _____the College.

 Unit 4 Grammar study material for all Degree for 1st and 2nd semester

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunction is a word that joins words or sentences

Eg_Rama and Ravi are friends.

Seeta and Geetha are sisters.

In the above sentences the word ‘ a’ joins the other two words.

And, Because, But, Hence, Yet, Where, While, that, for, it, unless, till etc are some important
English conjunctions.

Conjunction also joins two sentences in order to make the sentence more compact.

Eg.1. Ravi is a good bowler.

Raju is a good bowler.

Above two sentences can be joined with a conjunction.

Ravi and Raju are good bowlers.

2. He is very rich.

He is not happy.

He is very rich yet unhappy/ is not happy.

3. Priya went to Delhi.

Diya went to Mysore.

Priya went to Delhi but / and Diya went to Mysore.

4. She should weep.

She will die.

She should weep or she will die.

----In this way the two sentences are combined by using conjunctions.
Examples

1. Vivek and vinod are cricketers.

2. He is wealthy yet he doesn’t spend.
3. The baby weeps for its mother is weeping.
4. Krishna is clever but lazy.
5. He is very kind but speaks harshly.
6. Maths teacher is so good that he can solve any problem.
7. Radha is dancing and / but Madhav is playing the flute.
8. He worked hard still he failed. Or even though he worked hard, he failed.
9. My bike is here but yours is there.
10. The teacher is absent because/ for he is ill.
11. You wait here till i come back.
12. Kiran had worked hard so he scored well.
13. He ran very fast yet he couldn’t catch the train.
14. I will attend the wedding only if you come.
15. Search it where you have lost.

Phrasal Conjunctions

Phrasal conjunctions are another kind of conjunctions used to join sentences.

Both -and, neither – nor, either – or, as well as, as soon as, Not only but also, so that
Whether – or are phrasal conjunctions.

Eg:

1. Ravi is not only an intelligent boy but also a hard worker.

2. Both Sheela and Leela are flying to the states.
3. She is both kind and helpful.
4. Either you musy stay here or I must stay.
5. Either you do it or let me do.
6. Kiran as well as Arun are bright students.
7. Neither he is good nor helpful.
8. Neither he nor she is present.
9. Veena is not only a singer but also a good dancer.
10. If you give me a clue so that I can solve the problem.
11. The train left as soon as we reached the station.
12. The science students must attend theory classes as well as practical.
13. Though she is suffering from severe pain yet does not complain.
14. I do not care whether you come or not.
 CONJUNCTIONS EXCERCISES

Fill up the blanks with suitable conjunctions:

1. Seeta____Geeta scored the distinction.

2. He is rich _______he is not happy.
3. Anita failed in the exam ________she worked hard.
4. Carry an umbrella _____it’s heavily raining.
5. The teacher is absent _______he is ill.
6. He failed in the exam _____ he is negligent.
7. Surely you get a rank ______ you work hard.
8. It is happening _______ 1947.
9. You wait here ______ I come here.
10. You search the book ________ you have lost it.
11. ________ The students are allowed inside.
12. Meet me _______ I am free.
13. What do like coffee _______ tea?
14. It was 10am ________ I came here.

Combine the following sentences with suitable conjunctions

1. Rani was singing a song.

Geeta was playing music.
2. You won’tget a rank.
You work hard.
3. The train left.
We reached the station.
4. Raju is an intelligent boy.
He is also well mannered.
5. He is not active.
He is not good.
6. You can come on Monday.
You can come on Friday.
7. Ravi is a lazy boy.
Raju is a lazy boy.
8. Murthy did not write Cleary.
He did not write correctly.
9. The bell rang.
The students ran to their classes.
10. He tried to convince his friend.
He was not happy.