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Topic - Clauses - Notes - Class9

A clause is a group of words with a subject and predicate that can stand alone as a sentence if independent. There are two main types of clauses: independent clauses, which express complete thoughts, and subordinate clauses, which depend on independent clauses for meaning. Subordinate clauses can be further categorized into noun, adjective, and adverb clauses, each serving different grammatical functions.

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28 views2 pages

Topic - Clauses - Notes - Class9

A clause is a group of words with a subject and predicate that can stand alone as a sentence if independent. There are two main types of clauses: independent clauses, which express complete thoughts, and subordinate clauses, which depend on independent clauses for meaning. Subordinate clauses can be further categorized into noun, adjective, and adverb clauses, each serving different grammatical functions.

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Notes on Clauses

Definition of Clause
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. Unlike a phrase, a
clause can stand alone as a sentence if it is independent.

Types of Clauses

1. Principal/Independent Clause:
- A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
- **Example**: She went to the market.

2. Subordinate/Dependent Clause:
- A clause that does not express a complete thought and depends on the principal clause for
its meaning.
- **Example**: Although she was tired, she completed her homework.

Types of Subordinate Clauses

1. Noun Clause:
- Functions as a noun in the sentence.
- **How to identify**: It answers what or who.
- **Examples**:
- What she said made everyone laugh.
- I believe that honesty is the best policy.

2. Adjective Clause:
- Functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
- **How to identify**: It begins with relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, that
or relative adverbs like where, when, why.
- **Examples**:
- The book that you gave me is very interesting.
- She is the girl who won the competition.

3. Adverb Clause:
- Functions as an adverb, modifying a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
- **How to identify**: It answers how, when, where, why, or to what extent.
- **Examples**:
- I will call you when I reach home.
- She ran as if her life depended on it.
Key Differences Between Clauses and Phrases
Clause Phrase
Contains a subject and a verb. Does not contain a subject or a verb.
Can express a complete thought Cannot express a complete thought.
(independent clause). **Example**: In the rain.
**Example**: Because it rained.

Conjunctions for Subordinate Clauses

- **Noun Clauses**: that, what, whatever, who, whom, whoever, whether, why, where, how,
when, if
- **Adjective Clauses**: who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when
- **Adverb Clauses**: because, since, if, although, when, where, while, before, after, unless,
as if

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