SULT TU Rd { TRS NEE Communication is an age old method to convey any information effectively. In this unit, we will discuss different ways of communication, which is very useful for a student to learn. If a person has good communication skills, then, it becomes easy to convey a message in short and simple sentences. This develops confidence and helps 2 person survive in the vast ocean of Information Technology (IT). (Q)wnat is Communication? The word ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin word communicare, meaning "to share’. It is defined as a way of conveying @ meaningful message from one entity to another in the form of signs, symbols, behaviour, verbal, and non-verbal skills. It is important that whatever we want to communicate is conveyed effectively. Importance of Communication Skills Communication is a two way process. It is an interchange of ideas or information from sender to receiver and vice versa. Communication is important for many reasons mentioned below: + Inform: Information is the most important reason for communication. Whenever there is a need to exchange ideas or information in a group or an organisation, it can be done through words, signals, signs, gestures etc. Information can also be gathered through personal interviews with prominent people, For example, a teacher teaching in a class passes the information to the students in that class. « Persuasion: It influences a person to perform a specific task. For example, a mother persuades her cl hard to score good grades in exams. A coach persuades his team to strongly face all the challenge in a match + Express Feeling: Talking about your felling is the healthy way to express them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your exams or sharing your feelings with your parents and friends. to work Elements of Communication Communication is a two-way exchange of information, ie, giving and receiving, Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information. Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information. (5A Channel for path) sh] 0 a5 Phone/ Face-to-Face Giving sofort (talk/writing) is used to ‘wansfer the message. RECEIVER Rec Fa The message is received {aformation ere (5, The receiver replies to the sender. Elements of CommunicationThe basic elements of communication are: ving information or asking for information, thy m of ai * Sender: The sender sends a message either in the form {ain proces of communication. The sender sender can be any person, group, oF an organisation who init he message. knowledge, experiences, and skills influence the quality of the mm i aca etiences: and sisi : y information that a sender wishes to convey + Ideas/Messages: This message can be in the form of an idea OF aN} sin the form of text sign symbor ot asking for information from the receiver. The message is encoded i, created which the receiver decodes or understands to find out its actual meaning a remains + Communication Channet Ii the medium through which a message can be sen ACH" TENA gh oral, written or visual methods. These days, technology plays an important ro! through mediums such as email, voicemail, social media websites, etc. ee terprets the message conveyed by 4 + Receiver: A nisation who in Receiver: A receiver can be any person, group, or an organisation who Marwan by the sender and find out sender. The receiver has to extract the meaning from the text, signs or sym its actual meaning * Feedback: tis the receiver's acknowledgement and response to the message for ensut each other correctly. ring that they understood (2) Perspectives in Communication Perspective is the fixed idea or thinking that influence how we communicate. Whether we are the sender or receiver of a message, our perspective can impact how we interpret that message, potentially altering its intended ‘meaning, Let us assume that a teacher wanting to teach a difficult topic in a simplified way is not understood by the students, as the students assumed that the topic was too difficult to understand. This perspective of the students, that the topic is difficult, did not allow the students to understand despite the teacher's effort to make it simple. Factors Affecting Perspectives in Communication We face this problem of conveying and understanding the message due to some problems in our communication, Some of the factors that affect the perspectives in our communication are: + Language: It is a very important factor that affects communication. Sometimes we are not familiar with the language in which we wish to communicate. Using wrong words at wrong places may alter the meaning of the message and thus do not solve the purpose of effective communication. *+ Visual Perception: It is the ability of the brain to interpret the message received through our eyes + Past Experience: Our past experience influences our communication both as sender and receiver. * Prejudice: I's a preconceived idea, which can be favourable or unfavourable towards a person or a thing, + Feelings: A sender ora receivers felings are very important for effective communication, Ia sender is feeling tow, then, the person will not be able to delve the message appropriately. In case a receiver is feeling out of the place, he will not be able to perceive a meaningful message. + Environment: ifthe surrounding area of thecommunication imbalanced, then, the mpactofthecommunication will not be much. Fear, anxiety, aggression, etc, strongly affect the communication skis, + Culture: Different cultures interpret common signs, symbols and words with different meanings thus altering the overall meaning of effective communication @ Effective ways of Communication In order to ensure the communication is effective and engaging, we nee to have a lear vision of Cs ag dscaed liscusse below: © Clear: The content of the message you wish to communicate should be str understand and interpret correctly 14 | Artificial Intelligence Play (Vor 1.0) 1X sight and clear so that it is easy to aN TT+ Concise: The message should be short and precise. Instead of using long sentences or paragraphs, we should focus on short sentences to convey our message. # Concrete: The content should be clear in words with the direct focus on the message. + Correct: The use of correct words, sentences, and grammar in whichever language you follow to communicate is very important, + Coherent: The content of the message should stick to the topic and should flow in a sequence that makes sense + Complete: The message should be complete with all the required information for a necessary action. + Courteous: The message should be ethically and politely conveyed, with no hidden insult or aggravated tone E Types of Communication There are mainly three types of communication: verbal, non-verbal, and visual. Let us discuss these in detail Verbal Verbal Communication is using the words, sentences, and grammar of a specific language that can be spoken or wxritten to share information with other people or an organisation. itis the most common method of communication. Proper body language, voice modulation, and polite tone enhance the impact of verbal communication. Types of Verbal Communication There are two kinds of verbal communication: Oral and Written, Oral or Spoken Communication Oral communication is communication using spoken words in an interactive way to share ideas or information. It can be a direct face-to-face conversation or a telephonic conversation Doing a presentation in a conference, conversing across a round table conference, or speaking to address the audience giving lectures by a teacher in a class are all examples of oral or spoken communication Following are the advantages of oral communication: ‘ Direct and interactive method of communication where the impact is spontaneous. + Itis time saving ‘Easy way to exchange ideas. Following are the disadvantages of oral communication: «tis less authentic as it is an informal way of communication, * Itis sometimes unproductive. * If a common language is not a medium, then, using some words may have different meanings in different languages, which may alter the actual meaning of the message you wish to communicate. Written Communication Written communication is communication using written words to share ideas or information. Sending short ‘messages through phones, writing letters, sending emails, making notes, or writing down speech to communicate, spreading information through books and magazines are a few examples of written communication. Following are the advantages of written communication: * Itis an effective way of communication where the message can be stored for future references. * Itis impact-full and effective. * Itis easy to understand and interpret. , Communication Skils-1 | 15 qe LLITFollowing are the disadvantages of written communication: + Itis time consuming as feedback is not immediate. *+ It costs more in terms of resources and manpower. * requires one to have a proper command over a written language. pommecnoa! without usin Non-verbal communication is defined as communication through physical and physiological cues v Reads Spoken or written words. The information is transmitted using body language, touch, facial Ge ee oe Signals, etc. Most of our communication with the people around us throughout the day is non-verbal, the time we are not aware of it Its helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and feelings. When you are not interested in what the teacher is teaching in the class, you start looking around, disturb the Person sitting next to you, fiddle with a pen or paper, and observe little things in the class. Without using words you are able to give the message to your teacher that lesson is very boring and you are not interested. There are different types of non-verbal communication. Let us discuss about them. Facial Expressions Facial expressions are a very powerful way of conveying different forms of feelings and emotions. For effective non-verbal communication, you should smile when you meet someone, match your expressions with your words, and nod while listening. Being aware of your own facial expressions is very important ina professional environment In one of the studies, it was found that the most trustworthy facial expression involved a slight rise of the eyebrows and a slight smile. Si basic facial expressions are—anger, fear, happy, disgust sad, and surprise. Body Language and Gestures Rody language means the position, gestures, and movement of the body to convey and interpret the attitude and feelings of a person. Positive body language can help you get what you want, if you know how to use it, whereas negative body language can make you miss out on opportunities or offend theory on the origin of human language is called *Gestural Theory’, which cor Gestures. Some of the common body languages and gestures are: * Arms or legs across the chest. ‘+ Standing with your hands clasped behind your back. ‘+ Putting your head in your hands. * Rubbing or moving hands around, * Playing with your hair or nose, Brainy Fact The first modern book on body language appeared more than 350 years ago, Eye Contact Keeping a proper eye contact shows you are mentally present and actively involved in communication. The way you look at someone will reflect some of the strongest emotions and feelings during a social conversation, Rolling your eyes expresses displeasure or unhappiness with a situation. Eye contact helps you: | Artificial Intelligence Play (Ver 1.0)-IX B«+ Facilitate the connection with your audience in a meeting, conference, presentation, et¢ + Improve your concentration © Give confidence and authority + Retain the important points of conversation *» Express your emotions like sadioss, happiness, surprise, fear, ete Body Posture Bosly posture is the position of Human borly and its alignment and orientation with respect to non-verbal communication. During @ conversation, the Way you sit oF stand and Communicate your body p others, depends a lot on your attitude and emotional state Nefore you start a conversation, standing straight and holding your head high will have a great inypact on the crowd The correct body postures for etfective non-verbal communication are, + Keep your shoulders straight and body relaxed + Sit straight while resting your hands and feet in a relaxed position, + While standing, keep your hands by your sides Appearance Appearance includes our choice of colour, body cleanliness, properly dressed, hairstyle, ete, When you are speaking in public. You may be representing your organisation or just yourself. You should ensure that you are properly and peatly dressed. It also increases your self-confidence and you will definitely feel good about yourselt Personal Space and Proximity Personal space refers to the appropriate distance during a conversation or space surrounding each person. Factors like regional culture, gender, age, ethnicity, or topic of conversation affects a personal distance, Paralanguage Paralanguage includes aspects such as tone of voice, loudness, speed of speech, pausing, and even silence, This helps you understand the context and the meaning of the words used in the communication. Haptics/Touch Haptics is the power of touch in communication. Each touch conveys emotions and feelings in a physical form wit ‘a unique message like fear, disgust, love, encouragement, gratitude, sympathy, anger, pain, violence, ete. Advantages of Non-Verbal Communication Some of the advantages of non-verbal communication are: # tis used as complimentary with verbal communication to enhance the effect of communication. Information can be easily presented in non-verbal communication through gesture, body language, ete + Using gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, touch, etc. can be very helpful for individuals who are ilite and physically challenged, especially with hearing and speaking problems, nwvhere no common language is required to master. pact than words. Itis useful and easy method of communication Itis a fast method of communication as gestures have more i Communication Skills | 17,2. 18 | Attficial intelligence Play (Ver 1.0)-1x —™~ ication Disadvantages of Non-Verbal Communicat ation are: Some of the disadvantages of non-verbal communicat igns, sound, ete. for communi facial expressions, eye contact, touch, signs, 5 tion, * Since it uses gestures, facial ex ; . to be delivered. chances of misinterpretation of the message required eee a of non-verbal communicatio ny Different cultures use different ways : negativity and offense. | ein non may engage in non-veriy * I'does not follow any rules or structures, therefore people unconsciously may eng I mo which are considered offensive. ‘ s as the actual message may get lost in a jn, * Tis not suitable for tong and lengthy message: time-consuming conversation. ce ds a support unica, * Sometimes it is an incomplete form of communication and nee pp ction effective and meaningful delivery of a message. Ws * Distant communication is not possible using non-verbal communication, Traffic symbol which communicate not to blow hor Traffic Lights—Red for Stop, Yellow for Wait and Green for Go e i Sign showing raiiway crossing é Sign for ladies and gents toilet Sign for flammable substance Sign for slippery surface audio file in smartphone or computer Sign used to pause a video or (ai) Part of human communication and can vary greatly de and even according to the time of the day. The greetin Fe many to say goodbye when you depart. Ways WWTypes of Greetings Greetings serve to show people that you are happy to meet or see them and can be used in both formal and informal ways. + Formal greetings are used with courtesy, and respect to communicate with someone meeting for the first time. It is generally a formal way to greet senior, elderly people. This is used in professional environments like in schools, colleges and offices. Formal greetings often involve a verbal acknowledgment and sometimes a handshake, with appropriate facial expression, gestures, body language, and eye contact. «+ Informal greetings are casual and relaxed ways of acknowledging or welcoming someone, often used in social or personal settings, It is generally used for casual events, such as parties, social gatherings, or when meeting someone in a relaxed setting. « Greetings according to time refer to the different ways of greeting someone depending on the time of day. For example, "Good morning” is a common greeting used in the morning, while "Good afternoon’ is used in the afternoon, and "Good evening" is used in the evening. These greetings are a polite and respectful way of acknowledging someone and are often used in both formal and informal settings. + A person can be introduced to others by telling them their name, what they do, how we got to know them, or simply just sharing some interesting information about them. @ Talking about Yourself Talking about yourself is a fundamental part of communication, whether you're introducing yourself to new people, participating in an interview, or simply making conversation. Being able to effectively and confidently talk ‘about yourself can help you make a positive impression and build meaningful connections. ur name. Then you can talk about other things, such as what you do, your age, where You usually start by telling you u will use nouns you live, or even about the things or activities that you lke or dislike, For all these sentences, yo and verbs. ‘A noun is a ‘naming’ word that is used for a person, place, thing, or idea. Some examples of nouns are Amaira, Delhi, Cricket and painting. ‘Averb is a ‘doing’ word that tells us what the noun does. Some examples of verbs are play, like, eat, and write, Note that some verbs with an ‘ing’ ending can also act as nouns. Swimming is an example. We can talk about likes and dislikes using nouns as well as verbs that end with ‘ing’. For example, cycling and swimming, Structuring Your Self-Introduction To make sure your introduction is clear and interesting, follow these easy steps: 1 Start with a Greeting: Begin by saying hello in a polite way that fits the situation. 2. Introduce Yourself: Say your name and a little bit about who you are. 3. Expand on Key Points: Talk a bit more about important parts of your lif, like your job, what you study, your hobbies, skills, and what you hope to do in the future. ‘Add something unique about you, like an interesting experience or something you 4. Share a Personal Touc care about. 5. Conclude: Finish with a positive note, showing you're happy to be there or excited about the opportunity. Filling a Form Aformis a typed or printed page with blank spaces for inf Reeded in the right places at the time of, applying for ajo! is different, so you should read it properly before filing. Write neatly, important to take your time and double-check everything to avoid any errors. Communication Skils-1 | 19 @ Va 7/ formation. Filling out a form means giving the information $b, fling a registration form or taking a survey. Each form taking care to use the correct spellings. It'sddle name, last name. Its abways advicaty. cag er aa ary, ‘Ord writing in a running hand and red : a ven format - DD/MM/ * Fepresents your date of birth in the give the postal dudes your house number and the details of the streey € Postal address which include: ya region Itis an importa ‘ TNs 59 group of pubes usedty the post ofc tnidertyaregion Its 2 Pet ofan email address. fs your phone number and emai | : signature to confirm, the information provided is true ang Ts require @ signature to confirm, Si9" 8° date the form in the Way (which is qj con areas, Signature is your name or initials written By hand, in g .* Ficult for anyone else to copy) "2 Cass Its 2 stil that you master only when you have command 2nd the ability to engage your audience with proper voice modulation rvous before going on stage. Let us study the power of 3P's which wa ‘ears and mate us an etective speaken * Prepare: Prepare the content then plan your content Make it int for you. US to overcome our t your audience is expecting you to speat ‘resting in such a way that your audience feel engaged and are full Of prise Ud your speech before your D-day. Work to control your voice modulation, make ais In Yous Body movements and hand gestures, Practice, Pause, end breathe. U: for the unexpected, “ton and precticed well, then, half of your battle is won, Just be cor a doce * Perform: If you have done the prepa Of yourself and do not feel nervous Capitalisation Capitalisation means writing the fist alphabet of a word in uppercase InEng our own to write anything in capital. We follow the rues of capitatsation emphasis on certain words used at different places, Some of the basic rules of capitalisation which we all should femember It is marked by capitalising the first letter lish grammar, we cannot decide ¢ whenever we write anything. It giz I" Our Basic writing skills are listed belc in @ sentence. For ‘®xample: We are go'~ * Beginning of a sentence: for a movie today. Proper Nouns: Capitalise the first letter of 3 proper noun like : For example: New Delhi is the capital of India+ Days of week, months, and holidays: Always remember to capitalise the first letter of days of week like Sunday, Monday, etc, months like June, August, etc, and holidays/festivals like Republic Day, Diwali, etc, but not the seasons like winter, spring, summer, etc. Let us look at an example: Every year Republic Day is celebrated in India on 26 January. + The Pronoun “I”: Pronoun "I" is a reference to yourself and should always be capitalised. For example: [love to read books before I go to sleep. «+ Directions: The directions like North, South, etc. are written in capital only when they are referred to as locations. For example: I am heading towards South. «+ Titles that appear before names: The titles like President, Principal, Mr, Captain, etc. that appear before names are written with the first letter in capital. For example: Mr. Singh is a good man. Punctuation Marks These are the symbols used to help the reader understand the proper meaning of a sentence and where to pause or stop. Let us learn about some of the punctuation marks in detail. " FullStopor Question Mark ——_Exclamation ‘Comma (,) _— Apostrophe ()_— Period (.) @) Mark (1) wake Full stop or Question mark Exclamation Comma is used to mark a Apostrophe can be period isused isusedtomark — markis used in _pause ina sentence. used to indicate at the end ofa the end of any a sentence to the omission of Any list of items sentence. We also question asked in strongly express some letters ina tioned Sn seit to shorten direct speech. a feeling of gre seprated by scomma, W0"d. For example, aword to form For example, Why happiness, sorrow, es "Tm enjoying my . For example, I want a soya a, an abbreviation. did you not call__love, surprise friend's company. iM in? te Fe Je, des, shoes, watch, and aa For example, Mr. me again? etc Forexample, 55. of chocolate for my for Mister, Col Wow! Such a birthday. for Colonel. pretty dress. é Phrases Phrase is a group of words together, but not a sentence that forms a complete meaning, It lacks the subject and the object. For example: * On the roof Sleeping now © Cannot eat © Trying hard () what is a Sentence? A sentence is a group of words arranged together and has a complete meaning. For example: + Tam reading a book + My mother cooks good food. * She went to ‘school. Rules for Writing a Sentence Following are the rules for writing a sentence: : t bee With a capital letter, on mute a full stop, exclamation mark, or question mark depending on the type of a sentence. ontain one subject and one verb with an independent clause. * Hshould havea meaning,ae ~ study about them, Parts of a Sentence aiiger anels predicate! ets stay sentence ar The two most basic parts of a ser Subject A subject refers to a person performin * Simmi loves cakes * My dog runs very fast nvaction, hal ntence is all about, Fo, t the sentence is all ' Ittells us, wh 1g an actior ® Predicate fe: ct. For example: Predicate contains a verb that ‘makes a statement about the subje + MY teacher marked me absent * Shweta dances very wel Types of Objects The object in a réntence can be either director indirect Direct: Direct objects are the ones directly ‘acted on’ by the action word (verb). It answers the question», or "whom?" after the verks Active and Passive Sentence In English, sentences can be structured in either these two can help give YOU more confidence i aSSiVe Voice, U, nderstanding the difference betwee do few g th ences in Engin langue “entences and understand "318 know to be in the active voice. This structure * Structure: Subject + Very Object Examples: * She (subject) wrote (verb) a letter (object), * Passive Voice: Sentences in which the subject receives an action len the fc are known . : Structure can be useful when the ‘cus is on the action Itself oF the rey ient oft ig Passive voice. ms , i 1 Performed the action, on aes ; ificial Intelligence Play (Ver 1.0}.1x, 2 22 | Arti WHStructure + Object of the active sentence becomes the subject + Form of "to be" + Past participle + by + Agent Examples: * Aletter (subject) was written (verb) by her (agent) @® Parts of Speech sentence is made up of words. Every word has a specific function to play in a sentence to make it meaningful. It falls into different categories to play a different role in a sentence. These categories are called the Parts of Speech Itis important to learn these different parts of speech to understand the language well, to help you construct good sentences for effective communication. The basic parts of speech are as follows: Parts of Speech Definition Example Noun Noun is ¢ word that names a person, place, thing or an idea. Sunil is going to a school. Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. They are used to She likes to play in sand on ronoul void the repetition of nouns, so thal are Pronoun a petition of nouns, so that, the sentences the seashore. smoother and effective. Re Verbs are “doing words”. It can be aword or a group of words Shruti danced to celebrate that describes an action or a state of being. my victory. re. Adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective or John never participated in = another adverb. It also tells how an action was done. conversation. Adjective ‘An adjective is a word that defines a noun ora pronoun. _—_—Thave a beautiful dress. Conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together. There are different types of conjunctions. I bought a pen, pencil, and Some conjunctions may be used to make a list while some ruler for my exams. may be used to connect thoughts, ideas or actions. Preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a My cat is sitting under a noun and a pronoun in a sentence. dining table. Conjunction Preposition An interjection is a word or a phrase that expresses a sudden or a strong feeling. Grammatically they are not related in a Interjection sentence but expresses a relationship between a word and a phrase in a sentence. Sometimes they are followed by an exclamation mark(!). Alas! I am so lost without you. @ Use of Articles Anarticle is a word that describes a noun. It is used before a noun to show whether it is specific or not. In English grammar there are three articles— A, An, The. They fall into the following two categories: definite and indefinite, Definite—The "THE" is a definite article which is used before a noun that indicates something clear or obvious. For example: * The sun shines bright today. Indefinite—a, An and ‘An’ are indefinite articles which are used before a noun that are not specific or known before. before a word beginning with a consonant (alphabets other than vowels) sound. e Communication Skils1 | 23 25) LUT 7 isused= ™~ * For example: * A book (it ca be any book) le, an umbrella, * Agame it can be any game) 0, u) sound. For example, a athe * TA®"Fs used before a wor that begins with a vowel, © cream cone, etc ani ® When no Articles are used * For common/general things. For example: * Fruits ate good for health, ° imple: * Before a country, Continent, island, mountain and lake’ name. For exai t ranges * New Delhi is the capital of india + Nagpur is famous for a doctor's prescription, medicines without . * Donot eat medici * Before the name of any Sport/game. For example: i ell. * Like swimming + My friend plays tennis very we ® Construction ofa Paragraph ; ae 'S made up of multiple sentences with a common theme. It begins with an ae a theme entences describing the theme and ends ‘with a statement supporting the common ic i . For example Tlove to travel. In the last two years, Ihave visited many places in India and abroad. I feel that travelling rejuvenate: your mind and soul. It also gives usa cles Picture of diferent cultures and people all across the world, A paragraph followed by s, Rules for Writing a Paragraph Following are the rules for writing a paragraph: * It begins with a new line, * The first line has an indentation, * It focuses ona main theme. @ Pronunciation Basics express yourself in a clear and confident manner Here are the main parts of pronunciation, * Phonemes: The individual sounds that make up words in a language. For example: * /p/ as in “pat” and "cap" + Uk/ as in “cat” and “i k" * Stress: The emphasis we put on certain syllables or words. For example: * “Desert” (noun): DE-sert (a dry area ofland) + “Desert (verb): de-serr * Intonation: The rise and fall of our voice as we speak. For example (to abandon) Used in yes-no questions: "Are you coming?" (The pitch rises atthe end of the sentence) Rythine The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables, For example , ma CATis ON the MAT” (Stressed syllables: CAT, ON, MAT) “The Bx WAY rr ox | Artificial Intelligence Play (Ver 1.0).Phonetics Phonetics is the study of the sounds that we make when we speak. We use sounds to speak. Every word is made up fone or more sounds. We put these sounds together to pronounce words. Phonetics is essential for understanding how languages use sound to convey meaning and for improving pronunciation in language learning, f you engage in phonetic exercises and training programs then it will help you enhance your pronunciation skill The English alphabet has 26 letters, from A to Z, But each of these letters can be pronounced in different vays in difforent words, We use 26 letters to write in English. But, we use more than 26 sounds when we speak English. This is why, a word's spelling does not always match its pronunciation. Let us see some examples. Breakdown of Sounds « Cat (/kaet/): The ‘ain “cat” is pronounced as a short vowel sound, /2e/, which is similar to "®" in Hindi « Father (/'fa:8ar/): The 'a' in “father” is pronounced as a long vowel sound, /a'/, which can be approximated to “ar in Hindi. + Name (/nerm/): The ‘a’ in “name” forms part of a diphthong, /e1/, which is a combination of two vowel sounds, similar to "&" in Hindi. « About (/a'bavt/): The ‘a' in “about” is pronounced as a schwa, /2/, which is an unstressed and neutral sound, in Hindi. often represented as Importance of Phonetics By understanding and practicing phonetics, you can, « Improve Pronunciation: It helps you learn the correct way to produce the sounds of English, leading to clearer and more accurate speech. 19 Skills: It gives you a better platform to recognise and differentiate sounds thus improving ‘+ Enhance List comprehension. * Reduce Accent: accents. «= Increase Confidence: It guides you in speaking with correct pronunciation and thus boosts the confidence in communication. helps you gain awareness of how native speakers produce sounds, which helps in reducing Types of Sounds In the English language the alphabets are not enough to match different types of sounds we make, when we speak. Let us take a closer look at the sounds we use. All English words are made of three basic types of sounds. * Vowels: The English alphabet has five vowels (a, ¢, , o and u) but there are 12 vowel sounds. This means, most vowels can be pronounced in different ways. We make a vowel sound when we read a vowel in a word. For example, we pronounce the letter ‘i’ in the word ‘bit’ by using a vowel sound. In Hindi, it is fz « Diphthongs (combination sound of two vowels): We make a diphthong sound when we combine two vowels. Diphthongs start as one vowel sound and go to another. For example, the sound ‘ou’ in the word “house” is a diphthong or a combination. In Hindi, itis = ‘* Consonants: A consonant sound is any sound that is neither a vowel nor a diphthong sound. For example, we use consonant sounds to say the letters ‘p’ and 't' in the word Pot. In Hindi itis We @as 9 Questions-I A question is a sentence, phrase, or word that either asks for information, or is used to test someone's knowledge. We always use a question mark (2) at the end of a question. Communication Skills! | 25 @ LUT 7: top you fr mon feeling, and it can si com Po you sometimes feel afraid to ask questions? This is a commor . information you need, i ii . ight Time? What Happens If You Don't Ask Questions at ee Rig you don't ask questions when you need to, several things can happen: * Confusion: You might not understand things correctly. * Missed Information: You could miss important details or opportunities. * Mistakes: Without clarification, you might make erors ake you fe! less involve * Lack of Participation: in cass or meetings, not asking questions can m: Need for Asking Questions . inswer to A question is a request for information. It could be any type of information, such asan —— ee eI fa {etbook, information about a person or» place or about how to do a task. Asking que: PS Us to * gain new knowledge, get information, Make sure that what we know is correct. * 2¥0id doubts, confusion, ‘misunderstanding * Sar talking to people by asking about ther and thee ideas. How to Make Sure We have Complete Information? Ifyou d © Not have information about how to reach a Place, you will not be able to reach it. If you do not know hon to do some work, you will not be able to complete it, unless you ask questions and get information. Asking a. Correct questions at the right time is also important. The method of 'SW+1H" is a imple and effective way to ensure that you gather all the essential informati: Necessary for completing a task or Understanding a situation thoroughly. * When: This tells you the tim @® Asking Questions-11 In our everyday conversations with others, we frequently need to ask questio to gather information. Asking the right questions plays a cual role ob There are two basi types of questions: close-ended and open-enie Closed-Ended Questions ided questions are those that can usually be answered with a Simple"yes or no or wih a specie pt Cortera They often have a straightforward answer and the answer options are limited or closed, of information. nS and respond to them in ord *aining the right information we nee? &. 26 NS | Artificial Inteligence Play (Ver 1.0)1xFor example: # Are you coming to the party? # Did you finish your homework? Framing Close-ended Questions We can form close-ended questions by adding two types of auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) + Basic Auxiliary Verbs Be, Do, Have: These verbs help convey different aspects of the action or state in a sentence. ‘+ Modal Auxiliary Verbs Can, Shall, May, Should, Could: These verbs express possibility, necessity, permission, or ability. Another way of framing close-ended questions is to take a sentence without the above words and place such words before the subject. Open-Ended Questions Open-ended questions are designed to encourage more detailed and expressive responses. They cannot be answered with just a "yes" or "no" and often require more thought and explanation. Examples: ‘© What do you think about the new project? + How did you feel about the movie? Framing Open-ended Questions Some questions are called open-ended because their answers are not limited or closed. They have to be answered with more information than just a "yes" or a "no". We can form open-ended questions by using question words, such as What, Why, Who, How, When and Where. @ At a Glance ‘Communication is defined as a way of conveying @ meaningful message from one entity to another in the form of signs, symbols, behaviour using verbal and non-verbal skills. + Language is a very important factor that affects communication, ‘+ Verbal Communication is using the words, sentences, and grammar of a specific language that can be spoken or «written to share information with other people or an organisation. + Non-verbal communication is a method of communication through body language, gestures using signs and hand movements, eye contact, facial expressions, ete ‘+ Visual communication is the visual representation of information in the form of graphs, flowcharts, signs, symbols, images, mind maps, road maps ete. + Correct grammar and spellings is the key to good written communication + Phrase is a group of words together, but not a sentence that forms a complete meaning. + Asentence is a group of words arranged together and has a complete meaning, + Aparagraph is made up of multiple sentences with a common theme. + Anarticle isa word that describes the noun. + Aparagraph begins with an introduction of a theme, followed by sentences descr statement supporting the common idea. ing the theme and ends with a Communication Skils-! | 27 egw LTTEExercist —————_ SECTION A (Objective Type Questions) Qui A. Tick (V) the correct option. 1 we i shoul When we communicate verbally, we should use © bsimple words 2 dificult words CO dabbreviations © confusing words 2 2. Which of these isnot an appropiate non-verbal communication at are a ~ ?. Putting an arm around a coworker's shoulder.) _b. Shaking th © Lookin atthe speaker vith ose «sanding wt nupiaht postie G 3: Sometimes communication is difficult to understand. J . Non-Verbal © b verbal . ©. Visual © Gesture a ‘4. Public speaking is speaking formally in front of a @. Crowd of people CO belive audience 0 ‘¢ Small team O d. Single individual x 5: Which ofthe following is used for effective non-verbal communication? @. Avoid pointing at people with your finger. © _b-Shake hands confidently, 0 Q © Maintain a proper distance. © aalofthese A « B. State whether these statements are true or false: 1. Communication is a two way process. 2. Language is a very important factor that affects communication. 3. Decoding is the process in which the receiver andthe sender ae ensuring that they understood each other correctly. 4. Ifa senders feeling low, then, the person will not be abe to delver the message appropriately. 5. The content should not be clear in word with the dec focus onthe message, Write an appropriate kind of sentences forthe following (Assertive, Imperative, Interrogation, Exclamatory): 1. How's the weather today? 2. It's a bright and sunny day. 3. My hobby is baking. 4, Wow! This cake looks amazing, 5. Please do the needful. D. Identify noun, pronoun, verb, preposition and adverb in the following sentences: ‘She went to the market to buy fruits Iam scared of thunder and lightning, ‘Ankit, what's your opinion about this? Teacher Sunita teaches Physics and Mathematics, Priya and her friends are going on a picnic, Yekwne | Artificial Intelligence Play (Ver 1.0)-1x 28 or ~~ A —— eeE. Writing a paragraph. 2. Apama has fo write a paragraph on “IT as part of the education system”, Help her to do the same. 2. Pratima has f0 Present her thoughts on the topic “Gratitude, for her cass assembly Help her to write a paragraph for the same. F. Fillin the blanks with an appropriate article— A, An or The. 1. Donate organ, save life : human body produces a natural frequency. 3. Get me air of trousers Ars honour to be part of guest speaker program. Bi Earth is round, 6. Canthave glass of water? G. Convert the following Active Voice into Passive Voice: 1. She sings a beautiful song, 2. The teacher explains the lesson, 3, John reads a book every night. 4. They built a new house, 5. The dog chased the cat. SECTION B (Subjective Type Questions) ‘A. Short answer type questions: ‘What is encoding in communication? How environment affects perspectives in communication? What is the meaning of coherent in communication? What is oral communication? Name the type of sentences that use question marks. Muto ate dart ie one ; ERIDSEISEEEE/A ton based quesons: Yecarernaion 1 Sancta te a poragraph on the opie Cnsereton of Water fori signet He des na remnember the sesnen ca for pargrghs Hp Hence ear nere canes 2. Akash wrote a sentence, bought an smartphone in his English test, and the teacher marked it incorrect. Can you help him to write the correct sentence? Tell him the rules that he should follow while using articles in sentences, EEF Lob Activity / = 1. Suppose, you are a team leader in an organisation. You are asked to hire a candidate for your team. Create a Word document containing a list of qualities you want in the candidate. After creating the Checklist, arrange an interview round in your class. lf 2. Write a paragraph about your plans for your birthday in MS Word document using simple sentences. 3, Witea story showing the conversation between a teacher and a student. winication SAME | NY oe