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CHAPTER 2 TEST
FOUNDATIONS OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Name …………………………… 52
1. Fill in the blanks. 10
(1) ____________________ refers to the ability to use only one language.
(2) Vivian Cook's concept of ______________________________ refers to the idea that a person who
knows more than one language has a combined linguistic system, rather than separate systems for
each language.
(3) Approximately _________ languages are spoken in the world.
(4) The dominant linguistic model through the 1950s was ________________
(5) The two foci for the study of SLA from a linguistic perspective since 1960 are
_______________ and external.
(6) Sounds that make a difference in the identity of words are called ______________
(7) While humans are biologically prepared to learn language, ____________ __________________ is
essential for activating and shaping this ability.
(8) The official language of China is ________________ Chinese.
(9) The most influential cognitive model of learning that was applied to language acquisition during
the 1950s was ___________________
(10) The intersection of the two models, responses and reinforcement formed the
disciplinary framework for the __________________ Method.
2. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. 10
(1) A reasonable estimate is that at least one third of the world’s population is in the category of
multilingualism. TRUE / FALSE
(2) Bilingualism is present in practically every country of the world, in all classes of society, and in all
age groups for several reasons, rooted in historical, cultural, social, and economic factors.
TRUE / FALSE
(3) There are more monolinguals than bilingual or multilingual individuals for several reasons. TRUE
/ FALSE
(4) Countries with colonial legacies, diverse populations, or significant migration patterns tend to
exhibit higher rates of multilingualism. TRUE / FALSE
(5) The nature of language learning involves acquiring the ability to understand, produce, and use
language through a combination of cognitive, social, and environmental processes. TRUE / FALSE
(6) Children are born with a natural ability or innate capacity to learn language.
TRUE / FALSE
(7) Appropriate social experience, including L2 input and interaction is a necessary condition for
acquisition. TRUE / FALSE
(8) The internal focus for the study of SLA has language use, including the functions of language which
are realized in learner’s production at different stages of development. TRUE / FALSE
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(9) Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is represented, processed, and
produced in the brain. TRUE / FALSE
(10) The most important linguistic frameworks contributing to an external focus on
SLA are categorized within Functionalism. TRUE / FALSE
3. Give two reasons why bilingualism is present practically in every country of the world, in all classes of
society, and in all age groups. 2
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4. Give two reasons why there are more bilingual or multilingual individuals than monolinguals. 2
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5. Why is the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) phenomenon immensely important? 2
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6. What are the four most commonly used languages by the year 2000? 2
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7. Why do English L1 speakers are often expect to be able to “get along” in English anywhere in the world
they may travel for tourism, business, or diplomatic purposes? 2
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8. Adding second language at an older age often takes considerable effort and thus require motivation.
Give two motivations that may arise. 2
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9. Give one reasons why the number of L1 and L2 speakers of different languages can only be estimated.
2
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10. Give one of the facts of the role of natural ability to learn language. 2
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11. What are the sources of L1 input? 2
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12. The brief comparison of L1 and l2 learning is divided into three phases, what are they? 2
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13. Different approaches to the study of SLA can be categorized as primarily based on
different frameworks, what are they? 2
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14. What are the three foci in the study of SLA from psychological perspective. 2
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15. What is Neurolinguistics? 2
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16. What is connectivism in SLA? 2
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17. What does the focus of Learner differences in SLA most concerned with? 2
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18. Match the following terms to their definitions. 2
= (1) innate capacity (a) when a second language is introduced after the
native language has been acquired
(2) sequential bilingualism (b) when young children acquire more than one
language at the same time
(3) simultaneous (c) natural ability
bilingualism
