Reviewer: Elements of Art o Conveys emotions (e.g., vertical = 4.

Volume
strength, diagonal = motion).
• Definition: The amount of space an object
occupies.
Introduction to Art Elements
2. Shape • Open Volume: Enclosed space with non-solid
Art elements are the building blocks of visual
materials, creating a light effect.
composition. They shape the way artists express ideas • Definition: A two-dimensional area defined by
and emotions. boundaries or color shifts.

Two-Dimensional vs. Three-Dimensional Art • Types: 5. Mass

• 2D Art: Includes only length and width (e.g., o Geometric Shapes – Precise, regular • Definition: A solid volume that occupies
drawings, paintings). (e.g., circles, squares). space.

• 3D Art: Includes length, width, and depth o Organic Shapes – Unpredictable, • Effects: Influences perception of weight and
(e.g., sculptures, architecture). natural forms. density in an artwork.

1. Line 3. Form 6. Texture

• Definition: The most fundamental element • Definition: A three-dimensional object that • Definition: The way an object feels (actual
used to define shape, boundaries, and occupies space. texture) or appears (visual texture).
direction.
• Types: • Influence: Determines tactile experiences in
• Types: art.
o Geometric Forms – Defined
o Contour Line – Defines edges and mathematically.
volume.
o Organic Forms – Irregular, expressive. 7. Value
o Implied Line – Suggested rather than
• Presentation Methods: • Definition: Lightness or darkness of a surface,
physically drawn.
impacting depth and contrast.
o Relief – Projects from a flat surface,
• Functions:
viewed from one side. • Techniques:
o Directs viewers’ gaze.
o In the Round – Visible from all angles. o Chiaroscuro – Using light and shadow
o Communicates movement and energy. for three-dimensional effects.
 o Hatching & Cross-Hatching – Using 10. Color Psychology of Color
parallel and intersecting lines to create
• Definition: The most vivid and emotional Colors impact emotions and behavior:
shading.
element in art.
• Red – Bold, energetic, passionate.
• Key Concepts:
• Blue – Trust, calm, dependability.
8. Space
o Hue – Pure color.
• Green – Nature, freshness, wealth.
• Definition: The area around, within, or above
o Tint – Color + white.
an object. • Yellow – Optimism, warmth, happiness.
o Shade – Color + black.
• Ways to Create Depth: • Purple – Royalty, sophistication, creativity.
o Tone – Color + gray.
o Size – Larger objects appear closer. • Black & White – Authority vs. purity.
• Color Schemes:
o Overlapping – Objects in front seem
nearer. o Primary Colors – Red, Yellow, Blue.
Color in Films
o Perspective – Linear, isometric, or o Secondary Colors – Orange, Green,
• Saturation & Contrast – Influences tension or
atmospheric methods for depth Violet.
fantasy.
illusion.
o Tertiary Colors – Blends of primary +
• Color Script – Used to structure moods in
secondary colors.
storytelling (e.g., "Harry Potter" shifts from
9. Motion & Time o Complementary Colors – Opposites on bright to desaturated).
the color wheel, intensifying each
• Implied Motion: Using clues to suggest
other.
movement.
o Analogous Colors – Adjacent hues,
• Actual Time: Time-based media (films,
creating harmony.
interactive installations).
o Triadic, Tetradic, Split Complementary
• Attributes of Time: Duration, tempo, intensity,
– Used for balanced compositions.
scope, setting, chronology.
Reviewer: Principles of Art 5. Rhythm

3. Proportion • Definition: The repetition of patterns that

guide visual movement in art.
1. Contrast • Definition: The relationship between sizes of
different parts within a work. • Effect: Rhythm influences how the viewer
• Definition: The use of two noticeably
interacts with a piece.
different states of an element in artwork. • Impact: Manipulating proportion enhances an
artwork’s expressive and descriptive qualities. • Types:
• Effect: Strong contrasts (such as opposites)
enhance visual impact. • Consideration: The format chosen by an artist 1. Simple repetitive rhythm: Using
plays a key role in proportion. repeated shapes, colors, or textures.
• Example: Positive & negative shapes—often
seen in black-and-white compositions but 2. Rhythmic design structure: Dividing
applicable to any color combination. visual space strategically.
4. Pattern
3. Alternating rhythm: Layering multiple
• Definition: The recurrence of an art element,
rhythms for complexity.
2. Scale adding unity and order.

• Definition: The size of a work of art, which • Types:

influences the way it is experienced.
o Repeating patterns provide
• Types: consistency.

o Small-scale artworks require close o Alternating patterns create liveliness

viewing and create intimacy. and movement.

o Large-scale artworks engage wider • Key Concept:

audiences and convey grand ideas.
o Motif: A design unit repeated within a
• Special Techniques: pattern, often carrying symbolic
meaning.
o Hierarchical scale: Adjusting sizes
deliberately to emphasize importance.

o Distorted scale: Exaggerating

proportions to create supernatural
effects.