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Modems Detailed Notes

A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals for transmission and vice versa. It has various functions including modulation, demodulation, error detection, and data compression, and comes in types such as external, internal, cable, DSL, wireless, and fax modems. Modems enable internet access and communication but can be slower than broadband and may require technical knowledge for setup.

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58 views3 pages

Modems Detailed Notes

A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals for transmission and vice versa. It has various functions including modulation, demodulation, error detection, and data compression, and comes in types such as external, internal, cable, DSL, wireless, and fax modems. Modems enable internet access and communication but can be slower than broadband and may require technical knowledge for setup.

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Modems - Detailed Notes

1. Definition:

A Modem (short for Modulator-Demodulator) is a hardware device that converts digital data from a

computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines and then reconverts incoming

analog signals into digital data.

2. Functions of a Modem:

- Modulation: Converts digital signals from the computer into analog signals so they can travel over

telephone lines.

- Demodulation: Converts incoming analog signals back into digital form for the computer to

understand.

- Error Detection and Correction: Identifies and fixes errors that occur during data transmission.

- Data Compression: Reduces the size of data for faster transmission.

3. Types of Modems:

- External Modem: Connected outside the computer through a USB or serial port. It has its own

power source.

- Internal Modem: Installed inside the computer in a PCI slot. It doesn't require a separate power

source.

- Cable Modem: Uses cable TV lines to provide internet access. Faster than dial-up modems.

- DSL Modem: Uses telephone lines but allows internet and telephone to work simultaneously.

- Wireless Modem: Connects to the internet wirelessly using cellular networks. Useful in mobile

broadband.

- Fax Modem: Sends and receives documents as faxes over phone lines.

4. Speed Measurement:
- Measured in bps (bits per second).

- Common speeds: 56 Kbps (dial-up), 1 Mbps - 1 Gbps (broadband).

5. Working Principle:

1. When you send data (e.g., open a webpage), your computer sends digital signals to the modem.

2. The modem modulates these signals into analog form and sends them through phone/cable lines.

3. At the receiving end, another modem demodulates the signals back into digital form.

4. The receiving computer can now display or use the information.

6. Uses of Modems:

- Internet access at home or office.

- Email communication.

- Online education, gaming, and video streaming.

- Fax transmission (using fax modems).

- Remote access to networks.

7. Advantages:

- Enables internet access.

- Facilitates long-distance digital communication.

- Cost-effective for basic usage.

- Compact and easy to use.

8. Disadvantages:

- Dial-up modems are slow compared to modern broadband.

- Older models can interrupt phone service.

- May require technical knowledge for installation and troubleshooting.


9. Difference Between Modem and Router:

Modem:

- Connects to ISP to access internet

- Converts analog to digital signals

- One device at a time (unless combined with router)

Router:

- Distributes internet to multiple devices

- Manages traffic between devices

- Multiple devices simultaneously

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