English Speaking
“Mastering Transitional Phrases and Cohesion in
Writing & Speaking”
Asal Kashiyani
Enhancing clarity
and flow in
communication
1. Understand the role of transitional phrases.
2. Differentiate between types of transitions
(additive, contrastive, causal, sequential).
3. Apply transitions in writing and speaking
for better flow.
Introduction to Sentence Types
“Sentence Basics”
• Simple Sentence: 1 idea. (“I went to the park.”
• Compound Sentence: 2+ ideas of equal importance. (“I went to the park, and I
had a picnic.”)
• Complex Sentence: 1 main idea + 1 extra detail. (“I went to the park because
the weather was sunny.”)
What are Transitional
Phrases?
• Definition: Transitional phrases are
words or phrases that help link ideas and
provide cohesion in writing or speech.
Example:
•“I love hiking. However, I avoid it during the
winter.”
3 Ways of Describing
Types of Transitional Phrases
Type Examples
Additive Moreover, in addition, also
Contrastive However, on the other hand, while
Causal Therefore, as a result, because
Sequential First, next, then, finally
Using Transitions For Clarity
Example 1: Additive Transition
• Without Transition:
The park was beautiful. It had a variety of flowers and trees.
• With Transition:
The park was beautiful. Moreover, it had a variety of flowers and trees.
• Why it works: “Moreover” signals that the second sentence adds more detail to support the first idea.
Example 2: Contrastive Transition
• Without Transition:
I wanted to go hiking. The weather was terrible.
• With Transition:
I wanted to go hiking. However, the weather was terrible.
• Why it works: “However” introduces a contrast, making it clear that the weather affected the original
plan.
Using Transitions For Clarity
Example 3: Causal Transition
• Without Transition:
She worked hard. She got a promotion.
• With Transition:
She worked hard. As a result, she got a promotion.
• Why it works: “As a result” shows cause and effect, clarifying how her hard work led to the promotion.
Example 4: Sequential Transition
• Without Transition:
I made breakfast. I cleaned the kitchen. I went to work.
• With Transition:
First, I made breakfast. Next, I cleaned the kitchen. Finally, I went to work.
• Why it works: Words like “First,” “Next,” and “Finally” organize the actions in a clear sequence.
Practice: Fill in the blanks
Complete the sentences below by choosing the most appropriate
transitional phrase.
She enjoys outdoor activities. ________, she avoids hiking during the winter.
The company improved its customer service. ________, sales increased significantly.
First, I packed my bags. ________, I checked my tickets. Finally, I called a taxi.
The new policy reduces costs. ________, it improves employee satisfaction.
The younger group prefers online shopping. ________, older customers still prefer in-
store purchases.
Without Transitions:
I went to the park. I walked my dog. The weather was nice. We stayed
there for an hour. We came back home. I made some tea.
With Transitions:
Last Saturday, I decided to visit the park, where I took my dog for a long
walk. Since the weather was exceptionally pleasant, we spent an entire
hour enjoying the fresh air and serene surroundings. After returning
home, I prepared a cup of tea to unwind and reflect on the relaxing
afternoon. It was a simple yet refreshing way to spend my weekend.
