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B1 Roof

The document provides an overview of roofs and roof coverings, detailing their structural components, requirements, and various types. It describes different roof forms such as pitched, flat, and trussed roofs, along with their supporting elements and materials used for roofing. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of flat roofs and the common roofing materials available in the market.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views20 pages

B1 Roof

The document provides an overview of roofs and roof coverings, detailing their structural components, requirements, and various types. It describes different roof forms such as pitched, flat, and trussed roofs, along with their supporting elements and materials used for roofing. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of flat roofs and the common roofing materials available in the market.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Roofs and Roof coverings

Roof
• Roof maybe defined as the uppermost part of the building, provided
as a structural covering to protect the building from rain, sun, wind
etc.
• Roofs consist of two parts Roofs

Structural Roof
elements coverings

Trusses, AC sheets,
portals GI sheets

Slabs,
Tiles, slates
beams

Shells,
Slab itself
domes
Requirements of a roof
• Possess adequate strength and stability to carry the superimposed
dead and live load
• Protect the building from effects of weather like sun, rain, wind etc.
• Water proof, drainage requirements
• Thermal insulation
• Fire resistant
• Sound insulation
Types of roofs

Pitched or Flat or Terraced


Curved roofs
sloping roofs roofs

Pitched roofs Ideal for hot


Top surface is
have a sloping regions with
curved
surface moderate rainfall

Ideal for regions


with heavy No snowfall Domes, shells
rainfall, snowfall

Architectural
appearance
Forms of Pitched roofs
Gable roof
• Lean to roof
• Gable roof
• Hipped roof
• Gambrel roof Lean to roof

• Mansard roof
Gambrel roof

Mansard roof
Various elements of a pitched roof
Various elements of a pitched roof
RIDGE: Apex line of the sloping roof.

HIP: Ridge formed by the intersection of two sloping


surfaces, where the exterior angle is greater than 180˚

VALLEY: It is the reverse of a HIP. Intersection of two


surfaces with exterior angle lower than 180˚

HIPPED END: Sloping triangular surface formed at the


end of a roof

Eaves: Lower edge of the inclined roof surface is called


as eaves

PLAN OF THE BUILDING IN PREVIOUS SLIDE


Structural members supporting pitched roofs
1. Ridge beam: Horizontal members in the form of
beam at the apex of roof truss
2. Common rafter: Inclined members running from
ridge to eaves
3. Valley rafters: Inclined rafters running diagonally
from ridge to eaves for supporting valley
4. Jack rafters: Rafters shorter in length which run from
valley/hip to the eave and run parallel to common
rafter
5. Hip rafters: Sloping rafters running diagonally from
ridge to eave beneath the HIP
6. Wall plates: Long wooden members placed at top of
masonry wall , for fixing the feet of common rafters
7. Eaves board: Wooden plank fixed at the end of
common rafters at the EAVES. Lower most point of Members beneath roof covering
roof covering material
8. Purlins: Beams running parallel to ridge provided at
regular intervals across the slope
SINGLE ROOF

Types of roof

Triple member or
Single roof Double or purlin roof
Trussed roofs

DOUBLE or PURLIN
ROOF Consist of common
Consist mainly of Consists of common
rafters, purlins and
common rafters rafters and purlins
trusses

Here, common rafters


Purlins provide
Provided when span is are supported by purlins,
intermediate support to
less, lesser than 5m which are further
the common rafter
supported by Trusses

Span greater than 5 m,


For spans greater than
and length of the room
5m
is large

TRUSSED ROOF
TYPES OF SINGLE ROOFS
• LEAN TO ROOFS: Sloping roof in which common rafters slope to one side only. Wall on
one side is higher than the other. Usual slope is 30˚. Maximum span is 2.5m.
• COUPLE ROOF: Roof sloping on both sides of the ridge. Common rafters on both sides.
Span is limited to 3.6m
• CLOSE COUPLE ROOF: similar to couple roof. But ends of common rafter is joined by a TIE
beam. Spans up to 4.2m.
• COLLAR BEAM ROOF: Similar to close couple roof. But, TIE beam is provided at a raised
level. Suitable for spans up to 5m.

CLOSE COUPLE roof


COUPLE roof

COLLAR BEAM roof


Lean to roof
TRUSSED ROOFS
• When roof exceeds 5m and no inside walls to support purlins, TRUSSES are provided at
suitable intervals along the length of the room
• TRUSS roofs consist of three components
• Common rafters to support roofing material
• Purlins to provide intermediate support to material
• Trusses to provide support to purlins
• Types of TRUSSED ROOFS
• King post truss
• Queen post truss
• Combination of King-Queen post truss
• Mansard truss
• Steel trusses
• Truncated trusses
• Bel-fast truss
• Composite truss
KING POST TRUSS
• King post truss consists of
• Lower tie beam
• Two struts
• King post
• Two inclined principal rafters
• Spacing is limited to 3m c/c
• Suitable for spans 5 – 8 m
QUEEN POST Truss
• Queen post truss contains
• Two queen posts
• Tie beam
• Two struts
• Two principal rafters
• Suitable for spans 8 to 12m
Combination of king and queen post trusses
• Two possible combinations of king
and queen post trusses shown on
right side
• Suitable for spans up to 18m
• Contains
• Two queen posts
• One king post
• Struts
• Two princess post
• Tie beam
• Principal rafters
Mansard roof truss
• Named after French architect,
Francois Mansard
• Is a combination of king and
queen post trusses
• It is a two storey truss
• Upper portion is King post
• Lower portion is queen post
STEEL TRUSSES
• Nowadays, steel trusses are used in common because,
• Easy to construct
• Fire proof
• Rigid
• Permanent
• Economical
• Steel trusses are composed of channels, L angles, T sections
• TYPES OF STEEL
TRUSSES
Roof Coverings
Roof TILES

• Roof covering material placed above the


roof frame work (common rafters) to
protect from rain, sun, snow etc.
ASBESTOS
• Different ROOF COVERING MATERIALS CEMENT
• Thatch covering SHEETS
• Wood Shigles
• Tiles
• Asbestos cement sheets
• GI corrugated sheets
• Light weight roofing
PAINTED
•Different variety of AC sheets, GI corrugated
GALVANISED
sheets, light weight roofing solutions are available
IRON (GI)
in market today
SHEETS
FLAT TERRACED ROOFING
• Horizontal flat roofs , with minor slopes provided for rain water to
escape
• Advantages
• Roof can be used as terrace
• Construction and maintenance is easier
• Better insulating properties
• Construction of upper floors over the roof is possible in future

The most common form of FLAT ROOFING SYSTEM is REINFORCED CEMENT


CONCRETE slabs
Thank You

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