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Reg. No.

Question Paper Code: 55454

0
B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOV./DEC. 2011
Regulations 2008

4
Third Semester

4in
Mechanical Engineering

.
ng
ME2202 Engineering Thermodynamics
( Common to PTME 2202 Engineering Thermodynamics for B.E.(Part
-Time) Third Semester Mech - Regulations 2009; Use of approved

Time: Three Hours

0 eri
thermodynamic tables, Mollier diagram, Psychometric chart and Refrigerant
property tables are permitted in the examination.)
ine
Maximum: 100 marks

Answer ALL Questions

4g
Part A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
E n

1. Distinguish between the terms ‘state’ and ‘process’ of thermodynamics.

arn

2. Show that energy of an isolated system i s always constant.

4

3. What is a cyclic heat engine?

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4. What do you mean by entropy generation?

5. What is a pure substance? Give examples.

0.
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6. Why is Carnot cycle not practicable for a steam power plant?

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7. What is equation of state? State the van der Waals equation for a real gas of m kg.

8. What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in a container that holds 5 moles of
4

carbon dioxide, 3 moles of nitrogen and 1 mole of hydrogen and has a total pressure
of 1.05 atmospheres?

9. What is a psychrometer?
4

10. Sketch the Cooling and Humidifying process on a skeleton Psychrometric chart.

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Part B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) (i) Define the following terms:

(1) Thermodynamics

0
(2) Macroscopic approach
(3) Continuum
(6)
(ii) 25 people attended a farewell party i n a small room of size 10 × 8 m

4
and have a 5 m ceiling. Each person gives up 350 kJ of heat per hour.
Assuming that the room is completely sealed off and insulated, calculate

4in
the air temperature rise occurring i n 10 minutes. Assume Cv of air 0.718
kJ/kg K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K and each person occupies a volume of
0.05 m3 . Take p = 101.325 kPa and T = 20◦ C. (10)

.
ng
OR

ergy is a point function.

0 eri
11. (b) (i) Considering a system which changes its state, prove that the internal en-
(8)
(ii) Air flows at the rate of 0.5 kg/s through an air compressor, entering at 7
ine
m/s,, 100 kPa and 0.95 m3 /kg and leaving at 5 m/s, 700 kPa, and 0.19
m3 /kg. The internal energy of air leaving is 90 kJ/kg greater than that
of the air entering. Cooling water in the compressor jackets absorbs heat
from the air at the rate of 58 kW. (1) Compute the rate of shaft work
4g
input to the air i n kW (2) Find the ratio of the inlet pipe diameter to
n

outer pipe diameter. (8)

E

12. (a) (i) An engine is supplied with 1120 kJ/s of heat. The source and sink tempera-
arn

ture are maintained at 560◦ K and 280◦ K. Determine whether the following
4

cases represent the reversible, irreversible or impossible heat engines.

(1) 900 kW of heat rejected
(2) 560 kW of heat rejected
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(3) 108 kW of heat rejected

(8)
(ii) A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir at
0.

5◦ C and delivers heat to a reservoir at 60◦ C. A heat engine i s driven by a

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source at 840◦ C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 60◦ C. The reversible heat
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engine, in addition to driving the heat pump, also drives a machine that
absorbs 30 kW. If the heat pump extracts 17 kJ/s from the 5◦ C reservoir,
determine (1) the rate of heat supply from the 840◦ C source, and (2) the
4

rate of heat rejection to the 60◦ C sink. (8)

OR
4

12. (b) (i) Derive an expression for the change i n entropy of a perfect gas during
polytropic process i n terms of T1 and T2 . (8)
◦ ◦
(ii) 2 kg of water at 90 C is mixed with 3 kg of water at 10 C in an isolated
system. Calculate the change of entropy due to the mixing process. (8)

2 55454

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13. (a) Two streams of steam, one at 2 MPa, 300◦ C and the other at 2 MPa, 400◦ C,
mix in a steady flow adiabatic process. The rates of flow of the two streams
are 3 kg/min and 2 kg/min respectively. Evaluate the final temperature of the
emerging steam, if there is no pressure drop due to the mixing process. What
would be the rate of increase in the entropy of the universe?
This steam with negligible velocity now expands adiabatically in a nozzle to a

0
pressure of 1 kPa. Determine the exit velocity of the stream and exit area of
the nozzle. (16)

OR

4
13. (b) (i) Define specific steam consumption, specific heat rate and work ratio. (6)

4in
(ii) In a Rankine cycle, the steam at inlet to turbine is saturated at a pressure
of 35 bar and the exhaust pressure is 0.2 bar. The flow rate of steam i s
9.5 kg/s. Determine (1) the pump work (2) the turbine work (3) Rankine

.
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efficiency (4) condenser heat flow (5) work ratio and (6) specific steam
consumption. (10)

14. (a) (i) A vessel of volume 0.3 m3 contains 15 kg of air at 303 K. Determine the

air is 37.7 bar.

0 eri
pressure exerted by the air using, (1) Perfect gas equation (2) van der Waals
equation. Take critical temperature of air as 132.8 K. Critical pressure of
ine
(ii) A perfect gas mixture consists of 4 kg of N2 and 6 kg of CO2 at a pressure
(6)

of 4 bar and a temperature of 25◦ C.

For N2 : Cv = 0.745 kJ/kgK and Cp = 1.041 kJ/kgK.
4g
For CO2 : Cv = 0.653 kJ/kgK and Cp = 0.842 kJ/kgK.
n

Find Cp , Cv and R of the mixture. If the mixture is heated at constant

volume to 50◦ C, find the changes in internal energy, enthalpy and entropy
E

of the mixture. (10)

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4

OR

14. (b) (i) Derive and explain the Maxwell’s relations. (8)
Le

(ii) Derive the T dS equation taking T and p as independent variables. (8)

15. (a) Atmospheric air at 1.0132 bar has a DBT of 32◦ C and a WBT of 26◦ C. Find
(i) the partial pressure of water vapour (ii) the specific humidity (iii) the
0.
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dew point temperature (iv) the relative humidity (v) the degree of saturation
(vi) the density of the air in the mixture (vii) the density of the vapour i n the
(8 × 2 = 16)
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mixture (viii) the enthalpy of the mixture.

OR
4

15. (b) (i) Explain the process of heating with humidification of air, with the help of
sketches of schematic of air duct with the elements involved as well as the
representation on psychrometric chart.
(6)
4

(ii) 1 kg of air at 40◦ C DBT and 50% relative humidity is mixed with 2 kg of
air at 20◦ C DBT and 20◦ C dew point temperature. Calculate the specific
humidity, enthalpy and the dry bulb temperature of the mixture. (10)

3 55454

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Reg. No. :

0
Question Paper Code : 11403

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2011

4
Third Semester

4.in
Mechanical Engineering

ME 2202 — ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

ing
(Regulation 2008)

(Common to PTME 2202 Engineering Thermodynamics for B.E (Part-Time)

0eer
Mechanical Engineering Third Semester - Regulation 2009)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

4 in
Answer ALL questions

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

4 Eng
1. Calculate the actual pressure of air in the tank if the pressure of
compressed air measured by manometer is 30 cm of mercury and
atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. (Take g = 9.78 m/s2)
rn

2. What is meant by ‘Hyperbolic Process’?

0 Lea

3. List out the generic types of irreversibilities.

4. State : Carnot Theorem and Its Corollaries.

5. What do you understand from the word ‘Dryness fraction’?

w.

6. What are the ways by which Rankine cycle efficiency may be improved?
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7. State : Dalton’s law of partial pressures.

8. What do you mean by ‘‘Compressibility factor’’?

4

9. Define : Relative humidity.

10. What do you understand from the ‘‘Dew point temperature’’?

4

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PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) A gas contained in a cylinder is compressed from 1 MPa and 0.05 m3

0
to
1 .4
2 MPa. Compression is governed by P V constant. Internal energy of
gas is given by; U = 7.5 PV − 425, kJ. where P is pressure in kPa and V
is volume in m3. Determine heat, work and change in internal energy

4
assuming compression process to be quasistatic. Also find out work
interaction, if the 180 kJ of heat is transferred to system between

4.in
same states.
Also explain why it is different from above? (16)

ing
Or
(b) In a gas turbine installation air is heated inside heat exchanger up to
750 o C from ambient temperature of 27 o C . Hot air then enters into

0eer
gas turbine with the velocity of 50 m/s and leaves at 600 o C . Air
leaving turbine enters a nozzle at 60 m/s velocity and leaves nozzle
at temperature of 500 o C For unit mass flow rate of air determine the
4 in
following assuming adiabatic expansion in turbine and nozzle, (16)
(i) Heat transfer to air in heat exchanger
4 Eng
(ii) Power output from turbine
(iii) Velocity at exit of nozzle.
Take up for air as 1.005 kJ/kgo K.
rn

12. (a) A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at 827 o C
0 Lea

and 27 o C . Engine drives a Carnot refrigerator maintaining − 13 o C

and rejecting heat to reservoir at 27 o C . Heat input to the engine is
2000 kJ and the net work available is 300 kJ. How much heat is
transferred to refrigerant and total heat rejected to reservoir at
w.

27 o C ? (16)

Or
ww

(b) (i) How do you differentiate the Exergy (Availability) and energy
based upon their characteristics? (4)
4

(ii) Determine the rate of power loss due to irreversibility in a heat

engine operating between temperatures of 1800 K and 300 K.
Engine delivers 2 MW of power when heat is added at the rate of
5 MW. (12)
4

2 11403

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13. (a) In a closed vessel the 100 kg of steam at 100 kPa, 0.5 dry is to be
brought to a pressure of 1000 kPa inside vessel. Determine the mass
of dry saturated steam admitted at 2000 kPa for raising pressure.
Also determine the final quality. (16)

0
Or

(b) A steam power plant running on Rankine cycle has steam entering HP
turbine at 20 MPa, 500 o C and leaving LP turbine at 90% dryness.

4
Considering condenser pressure of 0.005 MPa and reheating
occurring up to the temperature of 500 o C determine, (16)

4.in
(i) The pressure at which steam leaves HP turbine
(ii) The thermal efficiency.

ing
(iii) Work done.

14. (a) In 5 kg mixture of gases at 1.013 bar and 300 K the various
constituent gases are as follows, 80% N2, 18% O2, 2% CO2. Determine

0eer
the specific heat at constant pressure, gas constant for the
constituents and mixture and also molar mass of mixture taking
γ = 1 .4 for N2 and O2 and γ = 1 .3 for CO2. Universal gas constant =
8314 J/kg.K . (16)
4 in
Or
4 Eng
(b) Derive the Clausius Clapeyron equations and Vander Waal’s
equations.
(16)

15. (a) For the atmospheric air at room temperature of 30 o C and relative
rn

humidity of 60% determine partial pressure of air, humidity ratio,

dew point temperature, density and enthalpy of air. (16)
0 Lea

Or

(b) Two streams of moist air, one having flow rate of 3 kg/s at 30 o C and
30% relative humidity, other having flow rate of 2 kg/s at 35 o C and
85% relative humidity get mixed adiabatically. Determine specific
w.

humidity and partial pressure of water vapour after mixing.

Take C P , Stream = 1.86 kJ/kg.K. (16)
ww

————––––——
4
4

3 11403

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Reg. No. :

0
Question Paper Code : 53194

4
B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010

Third Semester

4.in
Mechanical Engineering

ME 2202 — ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

ng
(Regulation 2008)

(Common to PTME 2202– Engineering Thermodynamics for B.E. (Part-Time) Third

0eri
Semester Mechanical Engineering Regulation 2009)

Time : Three hours 4 ine Maximum : 100 Marks

(Use of Standard Thermodynamic tables, Mollier diagram,
Psychrometric Chart and Refrigerant Property Tables is permitted)
Answer ALL questions
4 Eng
PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)

1. What are point and path functions? Give some examples.

arn

2. Distinguish between stored energies and interaction energies.

3. What is the difference between a refrigerator and a heat pump?

0 Le

2
∂Q
4. How do the values of the integrals ∫T
1
compare for a reversible and
w.

irreversible process between the same end states?

5. Why are the temperature and pressure dependent properties in the saturated
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mixture region?

6. What are the four processes that make up the simple ideal Rankine cycle?
4

7. Using the definitions of mass and mole fractions derive a relation between
them.

8. What does Joule —Thomson coefficient represent?

4

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9. How do constant-enthalpy and constant wet bulb temperature lines compare

0
on the psychrometric chart?

10. Moist air is passed through a cooling section where it is cooled and
dehumidified. How do the specific humidity and the relative humidity of
air change during this process?

4
PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 Marks)
11. (a) A rigid tank containing 0.4 m3 of air at 400 kPa and 30°C is connected
by a valve to a piston cylinder device with zero clearance. The mass of
the piston is such that a pressure of 200 kPa is required to raise the

4.in
piston. The valve is opened slightly and air is allowed to flow into the
cylinder until the pressure of the tank drops to 200 kPa. During this
process, heat is exchanged with the surrounding such that the entire air

ng
remains at 30°C at all times. Determine the heat transfer for this
process. (16)

0eri
Or
(b) The electric heating system used in many houses consists of simple duct
with resistance wire. Air is heated as it flows over resistance wires.
4 ine
Consider a 15 kW electric heating system. Air enters the heating section
at 100 kPa and 17°C with a volume flow rate of 150 m3/min. If heat is
lost from the air in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 200 W,
determine the exit temperature of air. (16)
4 Eng
12. (a) Air is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 100 kPa and 12 °C
to a pressure of 800 kPa at a steady rate of 0.2 kg/s. If the isentropic
efficiency of the compressor is 80 percent, determine the exit temperature
of air and the required power input to the compressor. (16)
arn

Or
(b) A 200 m3 rigid tank initially contains atmospheric air at 100 kPa and
300 K and is to be used as storage vessel for compressed air at 1 Mpa
0 Le

and 300 K. Compressed air is to be supplied by a compressor that takes

in atmospheric air at P0 = 100 kPa and T0 = 300 K. Determine the
minimum work required for this process. (16)
w.

13. (a) (i) A 0.5 m3 vessel contains 10 kg refrigerant 134a at -20°C. Determine
the pressure, the total internal energy and the volume occupied by
ww

the liquid phase. (6)

(ii) A rigid tank with a volume of 2.5 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated
liquid vapour mixture of water at 75°C. Now the water is slowly
heated. Determine the temperature at which the liquid in the tank
is completely vaporized. Also, show the processes on T-v diagram
4

with respect to saturation lines. (10)

Or

2
4

53194

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(b) Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle

0
and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure
turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and
500°C. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a pressure of
10 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 80 percent, and that of

4
the pump is 95 percent. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to
saturation lines, and determine
(i) the quality (or temperature, if superheated) of the steam at the
turbine exit,

4.in
(ii) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and ‘
(iii) the mass flow rate of the steam. (16)

ng
14. (a) (i) A rigid tank contains 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2 gases at 300 K
and 15 MPa. Estimate the volume of the tank on the basis of

0eri
(1) the ideal-gas equation of state,
(2) compressibility factors and Amagat’s law, and
4 ine
(3) compressibility factors and Dalton’s law. (8)
(ii) An insulated rigid tank is divided into two compartments by a
partition. One compartment contains 7 kg of oxygen gas at 40°C
4 Eng
and 100 kPa, and the other compartment contains 4 kg of nitrogen
gas at 20°C and 150 kPa. Now the partition is removed, and the two
gases are allowed to mix. Determine
(1) the mixture temperature and
arn

(2) the mixture pressure after equilibrium has been established.

(8)
0 Le

Or
(b) (i) Using the ideal-gas equation of state, verify
w.

(1) the cyclic relation and

(2) the reciprocity relation at constant P. (4)
ww

(ii) Show that the internal energy of an ideal gas and an incompressible
substance is a function of temperature only, u = u (T ) . (6)

(iii) Derive expressions (∂u / ∂P )T and (∂h / ∂v )T in terms of P, v , and T

4

only (6)

3
4

53194

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15. (a) (i) A 5 m × 5 m × 3 m room contains air at 25°C and 100 kPa at a

0
relative humidity of 75 percent. Determine
(1) the partial pressure of dry air,
(2) the specific humidity,

4
(3) the enthalpy per unit mass of the dry air, and
(4) the masses of the dry air and water vapour in the room. (8)
(ii) The dry and the wet-bulb temperatures of atmospheric air at 1 atm
(101. 325 kPa) pressure are measured with a sling psychrometer

4.in
and determined to be 25°C and 15°C respectively. Determine
(1) the specific humidity,

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(2) the relative humidity, and
(3) the enthalpy of the air using thermodynamic relations. (8)

0eri
Or
(b) (i) What is sensible heat? How is the sensible heat loss from a human
body affected by the
(1)
4 ine
skin temperature,
(2) environment temperature, and
4 Eng
(3) air motion? (6)
(ii) Saturated air leaving the cooling section of an air-conditioning
system at 14°C at a rate of 50 m3/min is mixed adiabatically with
the outside air at 32°C and 60 percent relative humidity at a rate of
arn

20 m3/min. Assuming that the mixing process occurs at a pressure

of 1 atm, determine the specific humidity, the relative humidity, the
dry bulb temperature, and the volume flow rate of the mixture. (10)
0 Le
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——————————
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4

4
4

53194

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