EX-NO : 1
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
DATE :
AIM:
To understand the database development life cycle.
The different phases of database development life cycle (DDLC) in the Database
Management System (DBMS) are explained below
1. Database planning
2. System definition
3. Requirement collection and analysis
4. Database design
5. DBMS selection
6. Application design
7. Prototyping
8. Implementation
9. Data conversion and loading
10. Testing
11. Operational maintenance
Lifecycle is a step by step process for creating a Database.
1. Database Planning
Define goals and resources.
Define project objectives.
Identify stakeholders and their needs.
Estimate budget, resource, and time.
Plan for security and scalability.
2. System Definition
Establish System scope and interface.
Establish project scope and boundaries.
Define high-level system requirement.
Identify external systems that need to interact with the database.
3. Requirement Collection and Analysis
Gather user and data requirements.
Conduct interview or surveys with users and stakeholders.
Define data requirements, user needs, and access patterns.
Document functional and non-functional requirements.
4. Database Design
Create the logical and physical structure of the database.
Conceptual Design: Develop an ER-Diagram to represent entities and relationships.
Logical Design: Map the conceptual design to a relational model (tables, keys, constraints).
Physical Design: plan for how the database will be physically stored, optimized for performance
and backed up.
5. DBMS Selection
Choose the database management system.
Evaluate different DBMS option (E.g.: MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL).
Consider factors such as data volume, expected traffic and specific features needs.
Select the DBMS that best meets the system’s requirements.
6. Application Design: ( User View)
Design user interface and business logic.
Design the user interface (UI) for interacting with the database ( forms , reports , etc.,)
Define business logics and workflows that interact with the database.
Develop the software architecture and data access layers.
7. Prototyping
Develop and get feedback on a working model.
Build a prototype of the database and key features.
Collect feedback from users to refine requirements and design.
Adjust design based on feedback from the prototype.
8. Implementation
Build the database and application code.
Create database tables, relationships and stored procedures.
Develop the application code to interact with the database.
Perform initial data loading and integration.
9. Data Conversion and loading
Migrate and clean data for the new system.
Extract data from legacy system.
Cleanse, transform and format the data to fit the new database system.
Load the data into the new system and perform validation checks.
10. Testing
Ensure the system works as expected.
Perform unit testing, integration testing and system testing.
Test the database’s performance, security and scalability.
Validate the application’s functionality, including user interactions with the database.
11. Operational Maintenance
Maintain the optimize the system in production.
Monitor system performance and address any issues.
Apply software patches and updates.
Perform regular data backup and ensure disaster recovery plans are in place.
Optimize queries and indexes for performance.
Database Planning
System Definition
Requirements Collection
and Analysis
Database Design
Conceptual Database
Design
Database Application design
Selection
Logical Database
Design
Physical Database
Design
Prototyping Implementation
Data Conversion and
loading
Testing
Operational
Maintenance
Example:
Database Design Development Lifecycle for Railway Reservation System
RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE
Cancellation Request
RAILWAY
Filed Reservation Form Reservation
Passenger Trains
RESERVATION Officer
Enquiry SYSTEM
Reservation Chart
Status information
Printed Ticket
RESULT:
Thus database development lifecycle stages are studied and designed a DBDL for railway reservation.
