Mind map : learning made simple Chapter - 10
1. When two lines are parallel their slopes are equal. Thus, any line parallel to If m1 and m2 are the •If θ is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to be+ve
y = mx+c is of the type y = mx +d , where d is any parameter slopes of two intersecting direction of x-axis and 0°≤θ < 180o, θ≠ 90o, then the slope
lines (m1m2 ≠−1) and θ be the of the line, denoted by m, is defined by m = tan θ. If θ is 90o,
2. Two lines ax + by +c=0 and a’x + b’x + c’ = 0are parallel if a b c
= ≠ acute angle between them m doesn’t exist, but the line is parallel to y-axis. If θ=0o,
a’ b’ c’
m − m2 then m=0 and the line is parallel to x-axis.
then tan θ = 1
3. The distance between two parallel lines with equations ax +by +c1 = 0 1 +m1 m2 •If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), x1 ≠ x2 are points on straight line,
and ax +by +c2 = 0 is c 1− c 2 then the slope m of the line is given by m = (y1 – y2/ x1 – x2)
2 2
a +b Area of triangle whose vertices are (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and
opes
t
aigh
1
(x3, y3) is x1(y1 − y2) +x2(y3 − y1) + x3 (y1 − y2)
eir sl
2
o str
a
1.When two lines of the slope m1 & m2 are at right e
ul
gl
rm
The distance between the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is
s of th
angles, the Product of their slope is −1, i.e. ,
en tw
n
Fo
ia
la
Tr
√ (x1–x2)2 +(y1–y2)2
Pa
u
pe
m1m2 = −1. Thus, any line perpendicular to m
For
of
ra
Slo
Angle betwe
lines in term
y=mx + c is of the form , y =−m 1 x+d where d is e
ea
lle
nc
sta
Per
Ar
l li
any parameter. Di The P(x, y) divided the line joining A(x1 , y) and B(x2, y)2 in the ratio
ne
pe
1
mx2 + nx1 ; my2+ ny1
s
nd on m:n, then x = m+n y = m+n
2.Two lines ax + by +c =0 and a’x + b’y + c’=0 are icu cti
1
ar
l li n Se ula Note: • If m/n is +ve, the division is internal, but if m/n is –ve, the
perpendicular if aa’ + bb’ =0.Thus, any line es
Straight rm
perpendicular to ax + by +c =0 is of the form Fo division is external.
bx – ay+ k =0, where k is any parameter. Line • If m = n, then P is the mid-point of the line segment joining
A & B.
a r
lar la
d icu icu 1. POINT-SLOPE FORM: y – y1 = m(x – x1) is the equation of a straight line whose slope is ‘m’ and
n
rpe n d
f pe pe passes through the point (x1, y1).
o e
ot lin
e
on er
lin
fo ta
ep
& u 2. SLOPE INTERCEPT FORM: y = mx +c is the equation of a straight line whose slope is ‘m’ and
a
o
a p f th
io
n ab makes an intercept c on the y-axis.
nt
o
nt
i
ct
o y2 − y 1
th
oi
fle
3.TWO POINT FORM: y − y1 = (x −x1) is the equation of a straight line which passes
ng
p
Re
x2 − x1
Le
m
through (x1, y1) & (x2, y2).
fro
1.The image of a point(x1, y1) about a line
x y
ax + by+ c =0 is: 4. INTERCEPT FORM: + =1 is the equation of a straight line which makes intercepts a & b on
The length of the a b
x − x1 y−y ax1 + by1 + c
= 1
=− perpendicular from x and y axis respectively.
a b
√ a2 + b 2 P(x1, y1) on 5. NORMAL / PERPENDICULAR FORM: xcosα + ysinα = p (where p > 0,≤0 α < 2π) is the
2.Similarly, foot of perpendicular from a ax + by +c =0 is: equation of a straight line where the length of the perpendicular from origin O on the line is p
point on the line is: and this perpendicular makes an angle α with +ve x-axis.
ax 1+by +
1
c
x − x1 y−y − (ax1 + by1 + c) 2 2 6. GENERAL FORM: ax +by+ c =0 is the equation of a straight line in general form. In this case,
= 1
= a +b a
a slope of line = −
b √a 2
+b 2
b
