Unit 5
Reactivity
Periodic table
Topics
• Reaction of metals with oxygen, water, acids
• Reactivity series
• Displacement reaction
• Uses of displacement reactions
• Salts
• Preparation of salts
• Chemical reactions (acids, bases)
• Conservation of Mass
• Energy change during chemical reactions
Preassessment
• https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d94e8dd92b
fc8001a78e1f5/metals-and-oxygen
Learning objective
Chemical properties of metals:
Reaction of metals with oxygen, water, acids
Reaction of metals with oxygen
video
Metal oxides are basic --- litmus paper – red to blue
Reaction of metals with water
Metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + water _> metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen
Sodium reacts vigorously with water.
sodium + water ➞ sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Calcium reacts readily with water.
calcium + water ➞ calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Magnesium reacts very slowly with water. However, it reacts vigorously
with steam:
magnesium + hot water → magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen
Metals which react with steam form the solid metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
Reaction of metals with acids
Metal + acids metal salt + hydrogen
vide
o
CPS 2020
©
Learning objective
Reactivity Series
Recap
1. Metal + acid -> _______
2. Potassium + nitric acid -> ______ + _______
3. Magnesium + sulfuric acid -> _________ + _______
4. Gold + Acid -> no reaction__________
5. Lithium + hydrochloric acid -> ______ + ______
Reactivity Series
The reactivity series is a list of the metal
elements, arranged in order of their
reactivity, with the most reactive at the
top and the least reactive at the bottom.
Carbon and hydrogen have been
included in the series in italics, even
though they are not metal elements
It is useful to place carbon and hydrogen
into the reactivity series because these
elements can be used to extract metals.
Note that zinc and iron can be displaced
from their oxides using carbon but not
using hydrogen. However, copper can be
extracted using carbon or hydrogen.
Learning objective
Displacement reaction
Displacement reaction
Displacement reaction - A more reactive metal displaces a less
reactive metal from its compound
Sodium + copper sulfate -> sodium sulfate + copper
Copper + sodium sulfate -> copper sulfate + sodium – not
possible
Zinc + calcium nitrate -> zinc nitrate + calcium ------- not
possible
Calcium + zinc nitrate -> calcium nitrate + zinc
Displacement reaction
1. Displacement of Metals from Metal Oxides
In general, the reaction between a metal and a metal oxide (where X
is a metal higher up the reactivity series than Y):
Thermit Reaction
Since Y is less reactive than X, it will not be able to displace X
from XO to form YO
1. Displacement of Metals from Solutions of their
Salts
A displacement reaction occurs when a more
reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from
its salt solution. For example:
Magnesium will displace iron from iron chloride since magnesium is
more reactive than iron
Copper + zinc sulfate -> copper sulfate + zinc
Recap
Learning objective
Applications of Displacement reaction
Thermite Reaction
Iron oxide + Aluminium Iron + aluminum oxide
A thermite reaction is basically iron oxide reacting with aluminum to
produce molten iron. The products are aluminium oxide, elemental iron,
and a large amount of heat. The reactants are commonly or thermite
mixture is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder.
Displacement reaction using carbon - Blast Furnance
Iron oxide + Carbon → Iron + carbon dioxide
