Standing Waves Harmonics Lab Name_Lisle Rest Objectives: - Observe how standing waves are produced on a string, in closed pipes, and in open pipes. = Determine how the medium impacts the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. ~. = Determine the resonant frequencies for a specific number of nodes Part 1: Standing Waves on a Strit When waves are continually produced at a source while simultaneously being reflected back from the endpoint, wave interference will occur to produce a principle known as a standing wave. Due to the interference, the overall amplitude becomes larger because of the concept of superposition. Use the ‘Simulation below to observe standing waves on a string Go To hiips//www.waler-fend.de-bimlS/phen/standingwaverefgstion en him Answer the following questions using the applet above, 1. Read the opening paragraphs. 2. What happens to the wave when it reaches the FIXED END. (Do notselect free end) oe Teauees in. tee Wrposac dicenien 3. After the wave reaches te fixed end, a stzting wave starts to produce. a. The BLACK WAVE represents 742 Wsulant wave b. The RED WAVE represents, the Ov%ana) wore | Ssurbowee ¢, The BLUE WAVE represents? tho. YePle-taey| WOE 4, Look at the black wave for each part marked “N.” What is happening and what do we call this point : Ve avtas worked N owe vodes. Thay ave ARC ans oF the Gant shar ol Wt wove 5. Look at the black wave for each part marked “A. .” What is happening and what do we call this as < Poin? ne qveas warlad Rare ane Jos, which ave she pir 1S Weve a madnum diseme 5 6. Using the a mn, and the 3 colored waves you noted above, describe how a standing wave on a string is produced whey Awd) was weeny PHT ands suptrim poe andl er lop Wy 4 Wares” ate equal in Geyer 3 merdy. gy Sa went Gyrers,, v 1 erg tr er 1si uitar ‘The following simulation shows the harmonic frequeney pattems on a a I Go to hupsiavalab orefen standing e ingen! |. What does the finger postion ‘manipulate on the guitar? Wasebnot\y 2. What does the “1-6" scale manipulate on the guitar? (look closely) OF wade ah 3. What tebe anplinge Eavacals Noliane JL Sa : 4. Liven tothe ug. Hae 11 You manipulate to increase the pitch/frequency? Auccsaraldberensse valec'Q" chore mor yesitorn 5. Atti point ¥u'sould and sen amen ee HOP wave Pattern. Fill out the table below describing each case. Note: All strings are the same length. Mode | Number! ot [yor | gor Wave Pattern Setting | Waves! | Nodes | Antinodes| (Draw oscilatons above and below Cycles equilibrium line) Fundamental/ M0 ra Hust als 5 De 7 BF 12/4/3/)2 Soc ume 3 fa OSS ime (4) 2) 5 | + | QSecy (a=3) (n=4) nie a Ww ** Note: We will develop equations for each node later in class *TL (Part 3: Standing Waves in Closed and Open Pipes ap Goto hitp/www.walterfendt de/himlS/phen/standinglongitudinalwaves_en.him ind the pressure Waves: ifal of the distinction between the displacement of particle waves Nt, Unless otherwise directed (#4), look at the top wave only! 1. Read the opening paragraphs. ‘a, What must be located at every OPEN end of a tube? Why? : af flms-ud?y b. What must be located at every CLOSED end of a tube? Why? Node, as + clears ro the rah, 3. Look at the blue dots (representing air molecules) above the “N's.” What do you notice? TVWey ove CONpMEasing ke Cwypand i ih oytas K reach A vers teaches 7 Heo lenges) wane, What happens to the pressure above the “N” as the wave passes by’? {Were SS wet td wg chen, 5. Make the tube 2.00 m long a. Compare the lowest (fundamental) frequency on a tube open at both ends to the fundamental for a tube open only at one end, Which one is larger and by how much? We “bih-5 » x We Ves obpea Lai 35 Lx \groer b. Now double the length of the tube. How does this impact the frequency of an open tube? Closed tube? Tr hays He Gequncy all ty (2 oF subes Make the tube open at both ends and make the length 2.0 m long. What are the frequencies of the lowest FOUR standing waves? Do you notice a pattem? Describe. Number of Nodes Frequency Pattern (Describe) 1 65.4 he vara H ustell of awe doe © ] " a 25 one Wane yPlocar 7 172 uz loan Ways on oie = TS Wars Whehd 2o0 a ways ove gad ty = Wars PCE =F aaa z 5 heel AM Ways sees nil Tyies of the lowest cies end and the length 2.0 m tong. Record he equa — i voneame ce Do you noice the same pattem ora differen FOUR standing waves. Do. ibe) Number of Nodes Frequency Pattern (Descri 5 = 7 Tengar webicesd oot 424 be 4 Wveleng. aah weyy j fe 2 wovebngyh, reteercd 2 124 te boar woes 5 a Woutlwayhs ved lee 25 we | Aes , FE wotlengths oken el bah were S 8. Draw the lowest tht wee standing waves in each case (sketch th applet inside the pi he graph from the bottom of the ne from the top ofthe applet). Label the withan A, nodes with an N and the antinodes) Ac Or ete gg Open atone end Hh Naa N