ADAMSON

UNIVERSITY
900 SAN MARCELINO ST., ERMITA, MANILA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Machine Program
in
Linear Algebra for Civil Engineering
50102

SUBMITTED BY
ZUNIGA, JULIA CLARICE F. LEADER
MACARANAS, NYKOAL KODY R. MEMBER 1
LACEDA, MON JUSTINE E. MEMBER 2
FAJARDO, JUSTIN LAWRENCE N. MEMBER 3

SUBMITTED TO
ENGR. ALBERT A. GRIÑO JR
INSTRUCTOR

1ST SEMESTER AY 2024-2025

DECEMBER 2024
MACHINE PROGRAM PROJECT
Title: Authors: ZUNIGA, JULIA CLARICE F.
MACARANAS, NYKOAL KODY R.
LACEDA, MON JUSTINE E.
FAJARDO, JUSTIN LAWRENCE N.
Section: 50102: Linear Algebra for CE
Professor: Engr. Albert A. Griño Jr

ALOGRITHM/ FLOWCHART:
Code Explanation:

1. The code starts by including the necessary header files: , , and . It also uses the using namespace
std; statement to avoid having to prefix standard library functions and types with std:

2. The calculate FoS function is responsible for calculating the Factor of Safety (FoS) using the
simplified Bishop's method. It takes the following input parameters: slice Weights: a vector of
slice weights (in kN) slice Heights: a vector of slice heights (in meters) slice Base Angles: a vector
of slice base angles (in radians) slice Cohesion: a vector of slice cohesion values (in kPa) slice
Friction Angles: a vector of slice friction angles (in radians) water Table Height: the height of the
water table (in meters)

3. The calculate FoS function calculates the FoS by iterating through the slices and performing the
following steps: Calculate the effective normal force on each slice. Calculate the shear resistance
of each slice, considering cohesion and friction. If the water table is present, calculate the pore
pressure and adjust the effective normal force accordingly. Accumulate the numerator (shear
resistance) and denominator (weight × sin (base angle)) for the FoS calculation. Finally, the
function returns the FoS by dividing the numerator by the denominator.

4. The display Results function takes the calculated FoS as input and prints the results, including
a stability assessment based on the FoS value.

5. The main function is the entry point of the program. It performs the following steps: Prompt
the user to enter the number of slices and the water table height. Initialize the vectors to store the
slice properties. Prompt the user to enter the properties of each slice (weight, height, base angle,
cohesion, and friction angle). Call the calculate FoS function with the provided slice data and water
table height. Call the display Results function to print the FoS and the corresponding stability
assessment.
Screenshots:
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

I. DESCRIPTION

Slope stability analysis is a critical aspect of civil engineering, particularly in

geotechnical engineering, where understanding the stability of natural and artificial
slopes is essential for ensuring the safety and integrity of infrastructure. As future
engineers studying at Adamson University, we recognize the importance of using
\modern computational techniques to solve the complex challenges of engineering.

This research project, titled “Slope Safe: A Computational Tool for Analyzing Slope
Stability Using Linear Algebra,” focuses on developing a software solution that
combines the principles of linear algebra and geotechnical engineering to determine
slope stability. The application will use matrix methods and computational algorithms
to efficiently and accurately determine the Factor of Safety of slopes in various
conditions. It would automatically calculate and provide graphical representations of
outputs while making decisions simpler to enable the engineers in the field to utilize it
with immense value.

Our C++ programming in developing this program signifies the development of strong,
scalable solutions with a basis from our theoretical background built on linear algebra.
Slope Safe not only shows the role of computational tools in modern civil engineering
but also reflects our academic growth and commitment to address real-world
engineering challenges.
II. APPLICATONS

1.) Structural Engineering

First is for Structural Analysis, it is used to analyze the stability of structures built on slopes,
such as bridges, keeping walls, and hillside buildings. Second is for Seismic Analysis, the code
can assess the impact of seismic loads on slope stability, aiding in the design of earthquake-
resistant structures. Lastly is for Risk Assessment, SlopeSafe can help find potential risks
associated with slope failures, allowing structural engineers to design structures that can
withstand these risks.

2.) Geothechnical Engineering

In Geotech the use of SlopeSafe is for Soil Mechanics. It can be used to study the behavior of
soil under different stress and strain conditions, which is essential for slope stability analysis.
Also, Hydrogeology is part of Geotech, and it is also use in SlopeSafe to analyze the impact of
groundwater on slope stability, helping to find potential seepage and erosion problems.

3.) Environmental Engineering

In Environmental Engineering the use of SlopeSafe is to figure out the Impact Assessment
which can assess the potential environmental impact of construction projects, particularly those
involving excavations and slope modifications. Other than that Land Use Planning is also part
of Environmental, it can help identify areas prone to slope failures, aiding in land use planning
and zoning regulations.

III. LIMITATIONS

1.) Depends on User Input:

The program relies on the user to provide accurate data. Wrong inputs, like
incorrect weights or angles, will lead to wrong results.

2.) Simplified Water Effects: It uses a basic way to calculate water pressure, which
might not match real-life water table conditions.

3.) No Input Checking: The program does not check if the inputs are valid. For
example, it won’t warn you if you enter negative or non-numeric values.

4.) Needs Consistent Units: It assumes all inputs are in the same units, like meters and
kN. Mixing units will give incorrect results.
 5.) Limited to One Method: The program only uses the simplified Bishop’s method
and doesn’t offer other options for slope stability analysis.

6.) Same Process for All Slices: It assumes all slices are calculated the same way, even
if some might have special conditions like different materials or loads.

IV. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, SlopeSafe proves to be a reliable computational tool that accurately
evaluates slope stability by using the power of linear algebra. This program gives
geologists and engineers important insights by accurately simulating intricate
geological and geotechnical aspects. It is a useful tool for reducing the hazards
connected to slope failures because of its intuitive interface and effective algorithms.

V. PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION