9

SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 3
IMPULSE AND
MOMENTUM
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the concept of impulse and momentum. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
In this module you will learn about momentum, impulse and how
momentum is conserved.

This module contains the following lessons:

Lesson 1: Impulse and Momentum; and
Lesson 2: Conservation of Momentum.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define momentum and impulse operationally;
2. solve problems regarding momentum and impulse.
3. relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects (S9FE-IVb-36); and
4. infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal.
(S9FE-IVb-37)

What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The product of mass and velocity is called __________________.

A. acceleration C. momentum
B. impulse D. velocity
2. A moving car has a momentum. If it moves as twice fast, its momentum would
be __________as much.
A. half B. same C. twice D. cannot be determined
3. The impulse experienced by a body is equal to the change in its:
A. kinetic energy C. potential energy
B. momentum D. velocity
4. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a
system to be conserved?
A. Kinetic energy must not change.
B. No net external force acts on the system.
C. The system must be at rest.
D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.
5. Which of the following happens in a perfectly inelastic collision? The objects
involved
A. move with a common direction after collision.
B. move with a different velocity after collision.
C. stick together after collision
D. none of these
****For questions 6-7, refer to the table below.
Vehicle Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s)
Jeepney 2000 10
Motorcycle 300 20

1
6. In the table above, what is the momentum of the jeepney?
A. 6,000 kg-m/s B. 40,000 kg-m/s C. 20,000 kg-m/s D. 3,000 kg-m/s
7. Which has a lesser momentum?
A. jeepney C. both have the same momentum
B. motorcycle D. cannot be determined
8. If the time of the application of a force is shortened for a given change in
momentum of the body, then the force
A. becomes zero. C. is increased.
B. is decreased. D. remains the same.
9. Which of the following involves a change in momentum?
A. A bowling ball rolls down a hill at constant velocity.
B. A car coasts down a hill at constant velocity.
C. A spacecraft at constant velocity while slowly losing mass
D. None of the above
10. Why does airbag system prevent us from accident during collision? Because it
A. shortens the impact time. C. prolongs the impact time.
B. decreases time. D. decreases impulse.

Lesson 1 IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

Momentum is a commonly used term in sports. You may have heard a
coach in a volleyball game saying, “You have the momentum of the game, use that
to defeat your opponent”. From this, we can say that a team that has a momentum
is really on the move and will be very hard to stop. So, what is meant by
momentum? How is momentum conserved?

What’s In
In Grade 8 Science, you have learned that stationary objects move due to the
external force acted on them. You have also learned about the Three Laws of
Motion by Isaac Newton. According to Newton’s Second Law of Motion, force is
directly proportional to acceleration. Meaning, the greater the force applied to an
object, the greater will be its acceleration. It also stated that with the same force
applied to an object, mass is inversely proportional to acceleration, thus, the
heavier the object, the lesser is its acceleration. This concept can be applied in your
study about momentum.

What’s New

GUESS THAT WORD

Direction: Guess the word that is being described by unscrambling the letters. Use
the pictures as a clue. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. N I S L O L O C 2. O M U E T M N M

2
 3. N C L E A R T A C E I O 4. C A M P I T

5. L P M S I E U

Source: All images are taken from

https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images credits to the rightful owners.

What is It
MOMENTUM
All moving objects have momentum. A massive
truck is harder to stop than a small car moving at the
same speed at the same time because of momentum.
Also consider the case of two cars with equal masses
moving along the road, if one of the cars is moving
faster than the other, a larger force will be needed to
stop it than the slower one, because the car which is
moving faster has more momentum than the slower
one. Therefore, momentum means “inertia in motion”. https://tinyurl.com/carandtruck
It tells us how difficult it is to stop a moving object.
From the example above, it is also clear that momentum depends on the
mass and velocity (speed) of the moving object. Thus, momentum is operationally
defined as the product of the mass of a moving object and its velocity.
In equation, p = mv where: p = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
***Momentum is expressed in unit kg-m/s.
Remember these:
If you know… (GIVEN) If you are looking for… (FIND) Equation to use
mass and velocity Momentum p = mv

momentum and velocity Mass m=p

v
momentum and mass Velocity v=p
m
3
Consider the following problems:
1. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 k 2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity
is rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What of 3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0
is its momentum? kg-m/s. What is its mass?
Given: m = 4.0 kg Given: v = 3.0 m/s
v = 2.5 m/s p= 6.0 kg-m/s
Find: p? Find: m?
Equation: p = mv 𝑝
Equation: 𝑚=
Solution: p = (4.0 kg) (2.5 m/s) 𝑣
Answer: p = 10 kg-m/s 6.0 𝑘𝑔−𝑚/𝑠
Solution: 𝑚=
3.0 𝑚/𝑠
Answer: m = 2 kg

REMEMBER!
Momentum is affected by two factors: the mass and velocity of an object. If
there is a change in mass or velocity of an object, its momentum also changes. For
example, a ship with a small velocity can have a large momentum as a bullet with
high velocity, or a large truck with high velocity can have a very large momentum
while the same truck at rest will have no momentum at all.

IMPULSE: The Change in Momentum

When a moving car hits a wall, the car stops and so
its momentum changes. It has been said from the
previous lesson that, when there is a change in either the
velocity or mass of an object, or in both, change in
momentum occur. This change in momentum is equal to
Figure 1: Car on the road impulse experienced by an object.
IMPULSE is known as the product of force applied
to an object and the time of contact. If impulse is present, definitely there is a
change in momentum.
In equation, I = Ft
where:
F = applied force therefore: Ft = mΔν
t = time of impact Meaning, the application of
force over a certain period of time
since I = Δp changes the momentum of the body.
where: In other words, Impulse = Change in
I = impulse Momentum
Δp = change in momentum

Consider the following problem:

1. A force of 4 kg-m/s2 acts on a 2.0 kg mass for 10 seconds. Find a.) impulse b.)
change in velocity of the object.
Given: F = 4 kg-m/s2 Find: a.) I?
t = 10 s b.) v?
m = 2.0 kg
For a.) For b.)
Equation: I = Ft Equation: Ft = mΔν
Solution: I = (4 kg-m/s2)(10s) Solution: (4 kg-m/s2)(10s) = (2.0kg) v
Answer: I = 40 kg-m/s 2.0 kg 2.0kg
Answer: v = 20 m/s

REMEMBER!
Impulse is affected by two factors: force and time of impact. These two
factors are inversely proportional. Meaning, the longer the time of impact, the
lesser will be the impact force and the shorter the time of impact, the greater will be
the impact force. Try the following activity to better understand this concept.
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 What’s More
Activity 1: THE EGG DROP
Objective: Identify the factors that affect the force of impact on moving objects.
Materials: 2 raw eggs of the same size; meter stick or any length measuring
device; 1-inch thick foam
Procedure: 1. Drop one of the eggs in a hard floor from a height of 1 meter.
2. Drop the other egg in 1-inch foam from a height of 1 meter, too.
(Make sure that the egg will hit the foam)
3. Observe what happens to each of the eggs.
Guide Questions:
1. In which surface, did the egg break?
2. Was the foam able to protect the egg from breaking? Why? Or Why not?
3. Why would an egg break immediately when it hits a hard floor?
4. How was the impact force lessened by the use of foam?
5. Discuss how the hardness or softness of the landing surface is related to the
time required to stop the egg.

KEY CONCEPT:
The egg is a naturally-fragile material. However, the choice of material may prevent
the egg from breaking by prolonging the time of impact, therefore lessening the force of
impact. If the egg hits a hard surface, it will definitely break. This is because when the egg’s
motion is suddenly stopped, its momentum suddenly changes. However, if the egg hits a
softer surface, the time of impact will be prolonged due to the cushioning effect of the foam,
therefore it will lessen the force of impact. So, if the force of impact is lessened, the egg is
most likely not to break.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Read each statement carefully and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper. Choose your answer from the pool of words below.
1. Stationary objects move due to the _____________ force acted on them.
2. Given the same mass, a fast car has a _______________________ momentum than
a slow car.
3. The longer the time of impact, ______________ will be the impact force.
4. Momentum depends on two factors: the ______________________ and
____________________ of an object.
5. The product of force applied to an object and the time of contact is referred to as
____________________.

external impulse greater velocity

momentum lesser mass equal

What I Can Do
Direction: Illustrate what is being asked. Supposed you are an industrial engineer,
can you think of some other safety devices to be installed in your vehicle? Give
some information or features about that safety device.

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Questions:
1. What is the importance of wearing seatbelts? _________________________________
2. What do you think will happen when momentum change abruptly? ___________

SEAT BELTS AND AIRBAGS ARE LIFE SAVERS!

https://tinyurl.com/carcrashaccident https://tinyurl.com/seatbeltandairbag
When a person is travelling by car, his speed is the same as the speed of the
vehicle he is riding in. If the car is travelling at 80 km/hr, that is also the speed of
his body. Meaning, there is considerable momentum. If the car comes to a sudden
stop like hitting another car or a wall, there is a rapid change in momentum. This
change in momentum might have damaging effects not only to the vehicle but also
to the person riding it. To ensure the safety of the passenger and to lessen the
effect of collision, various devices are installed in vehicles like seat belts and air
bags. The use of seatbelts lessens the injuries from car crashes. It helps protect
the occupant by providing body support and preventing driver/passenger ejection.
Inflatable airbags on the other hand, creates a cushion and prolongs the time of
contact between the driver/passenger and the car’s steering wheel, dashboard,
windshield or other surfaces, thus, lessening the impact force, meaning lesser
injuries or none at all.

Lesson 2 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

What’s In
A quantity that is not changed is said to be “conserved”. Momentum, like
energy is a conserved quantity. Conservation of momentum provides explanation
on problems involving collision. In a collision, the total momentum of the colliding
objects is not changed, hence, momentum is conserved.

What is It
The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of
a system does not change if there are no net external forces acting on it. Thus, the
total initial momentum is equal to the total final momentum. Consider one billiard
ball hitting a second ball at rest on a pool table. At the start, the moving ball has a
momentum, the second ball does not. As a result of the collision, the moving ball
loses momentum and the ball that was at rest gains momentum. The momentum
lost by one ball is exactly equal to the momentum gained by the second ball.
Therefore, the total momentum of the two balls remains the same.
A collision is an interaction or encounter of two or more objects that come
in contact with each other. In general, when two or more object collide, momentum

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is always conserved but the total kinetic energy may or may not be conserved
depending on the type of collision.

The table below lists down the properties of each type of collision.
ELASTIC COLLISION INELASTIC COLLISION PERFECTLY INELASTIC
The two objects bounce off Objects move separately The objects stick to each
and move separately after after collision other after collision and
collision. move with a common
velocity.

Momentum is conserved. Momentum is conserved. Momentum is conserved.

m1v1 + m2v2= m1v1’ + m2v2’ m1v1 + m2v2= m1v1’ + m2v2’ m1v1 + m2v2= (m1+ m2 ) v

Kinetic energy is Kinetic energy is not Kinetic energy is not

conserved. conserved. Some of the conserved. Some of the
kinetic energy is kinetic energy is
converted into other forms converted into other forms
like heat, sound and like heat, sound and
permanent deformation of permanent deformation of
the object/objects. the object/objects.

What’s New
Direction: Fill in the Venn diagram with the terms under the correct heading of
each circle. Write in the overlapping part of the circles the terms that refer to both
elastic and inelastic collision.

ELASTIC INELASTIC
COLLISION COLLISION

What’s More
Direction: Examine the pictures carefully. Write EC if the picture shows elastic
collision and write IC if it is inelastic collision. Write your answer (EC or IC) on a
separate sheet of paper.

_____1. _____5.
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images

7
_____2. _____6.
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images

_____3. ____ 7.
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images

_____4. _____8.
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images

What I Have Learned

Direction: Read each statement carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the correct
answer. Choose your answer from the pool of words below.
1. A __________________is an encounter between two objects resulting in exchange of
impulse and momentum.
2. In an isolated system, the total momentum of the system before the collision is
_______________ to the total momentum of the system after the collision.
3. When objects stick to each other after collision and move with a common
velocity, the collision is described as _________________.
4. When two objects bounce off and move separately after collision, then the
collision is said to be __________________.
perfectly inelastic equal greater
collision elastic

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is the correct description of momentum? The
A. product of force and time.
B. product of mass and velocity.
C. change in velocity per unit time.
D. change in force per unit time.

8
 2. The product of force and time is called ________________.
A. acceleration B. impulse C. momentum D. velocity
3. A bus and a car are travelling along Mc Arthur Highway having the same
velocity. Which of the two vehicles would have a greater momentum?
A. the bus C. both have the same momentum
B. the car D. cannot be easily determined
4. Which is the same with the change in momentum of an object?
A. force acting on it C. velocity of the object
B. impulse acting on it D. mass of the object
5. A lady tennis player hits an approaching ball with a force of 750 kg-m/s2. If
she hits the ball in 0.002 seconds, how much impulse is imparted to the
tennis ball?
A. 0 kg-m/s B. 1.5 kg-m/s C. 3.0 kg-m/s D. 6.0 kg-m/s
6. When the total kinetic energy of colliding objects changes, the collision is
said to be _________________.
A. elastic B. inelastic C. perfectly elastic D. perfectly inelastic
7. Which of the following happens in a perfectly inelastic collision? The objects
involved
A. move with a common direction after collision.
B. move with a different velocity after collision.
C. stick together after collision
D. none of these
8. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a
system to be conserved?
A. Kinetic energy must not change.
B. No net external force acts on the system.
C. The system must be at rest.
D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.
9. Two billiard balls approach each other with the same speed. If they collide in
a perfectly elastic collision, what would be their velocities after collision?
A. Zero
B. Same in magnitude and direction
C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction
10. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road
usually breaks, while one dropped on the grass usually doesn’t break. This
is because the egg dropped on the grass
A. has greater change in momentum.
B. has longer time interval for stopping.
C. has lesser change in momentum.
D. has shorter time interval for stopping.

Additional Activities
Part I- Direction: Solve the following problems. Show your solution on the box.
1. A metal ball whose mass is 2.0 kg is rolling at a rate of 2.8 m/s. What is its
momentum?
Given: Solution and Answer:
Find:
Equation:

Part II- Direction: Answer the following questions briefly:

1. What is elastic collision?___________________________________________________
2. What is inelastic collision? ________________________________________________

9
 10
What I Can Do
What I Know What's More 1. Answer may vary.
Example
1. C 1. The egg breaks in
2. C the hard floor.
3. B
4. B 2. Yes. The egg did not
5. C break when it fell on
6. C the foam because the
7. B cushioning effect of the
8. C https://ph.images.sear
foam prolongs the time
9. C ch.yahoo.com/search/i
of impact.
10.C mages
3. The hardness of the
2. Seatbelts can help
ground will cause an
What’s New: save lives. They are
egg to immediately
important safety
Guess that Word break when it hits the
features like air bags
ground. It is because
1. COLLISION help to protect a driver
the reduced time of
2. MOMENTUM or passenger in a
impact leading to
3. ACCELERATION collision and minimize
increased impact force.
4. IMPACT injuries.
5. IMPULSE 4. The foam prolonged
3. Changes in
the time of contact
momentum happen
therefore lessening the
What I Have every time. A fast
force of impact on the
moving car that
Learned egg. This prevented the
suddenly stops might
egg from breaking.
1. EXTERNAL have damaging effects
2. GREATER 5. The hardness or not only to the vehicle
3. LESSER softness of the landing itself but also to the
4. MASS & surface determines the person riding it.
VELOCITY (V.V.) length of time to stop
5. IMPULSE the egg. The soft
landing surface
prolongs the time of
impact.
Lesson 1: IMPULSE and MOMENTUM
Answer Key
 11
Additional Activities
Assessment
What’s New 1. B 6. B Part II
(Students answer may 2. B 7. C 1. Answers of the
vary) 3. A 8. B
4. B 9. C students may vary
5. B 10.B based on their
understanding of the
Additional Activities
What’s More Part I topic.
1. EC 1. Given: mass= 20 kg 2. Answers of the
2. IC Velocity= 2.8 m/s students may vary
3. EC Find: Momentum (p)
4. IC Equation: p=mv based on their
5. EC Solution: understanding of the
6. EC p=(20 kg) (2.8 m/s)
topic.
7. EC = 56 kg-m/s
8. EC Answer: p=56kg.m/s
What I Have
Learned
1. COLLISION
2. EQUAL
3. PERFECTLY
INELASTIC
4. ELASTIC
Lesson 2: CONSERVATION of MOMENTUM
Answer Key
References
Alvarez, iLiza iA. iEt. iAl. iScience i9 iLearner’s iModule
De ila iPeña iand iFerrer i(1999) iScience iand iTechnology iIV, iPhoenix iPublishing
iHouse, iInc. iQuezon iCity.
DEPED iScience i9 iLearner’s iModule iand iTeacher’s iGuide
Halliday, iD., iResnick, iR. iand iKrane, iK. i(1994). iFundamentals iof iphysics.
iSingapore: iJohn iWiley i& iSons iInc
Jones, iAndrew iZimmerman. i"The iPhysics iof ia iCar iCollision." iThought iCo,
iFeb. i11, i2020, ithoughtco.com/what-is-the-physics-of-a-car-collision-
2698920.
Mamaril, Chloe, et. Al. Science for Millennials Grade 9, Salinlahi Publishing House
Inc. 2018
Padua, Alicia L., et. Al. Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach,
Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

Silverio, Angelina A., et. Al. (2013). Physics: Exploring Life Through Science,
Second Edition. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Private Educational Assistance Committee Junior High School Trainers. (2019).

Learning Module Science G9 Q4: Force, Motion and Energy. Retrieved from
PEAC: peac.org.ph

Unpublished
Contextualized Science Module in Grade 9 by Auinaldo, Cristina, et. Al.

Weblinks:
https://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/forces/seatBelt.html
https://tinyurl.com/seatbeltandairbag
https://tinyurl.com/carandtruck
https://tinyurl.com/carcrashaccident

12
Name:_____________________________________________ Date:_________
Grade/Section:______________________________________ Score:________

SUBJECT: SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 4
WORKSHEET NO. 3
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
• Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects. (K to 12 BEC CG: S9FE-IVb-36)
• Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal.
( K to 12 BEC CG: S9FE-IVb-37)

Part I - Direction: Rearrange the jumbled letters to reveal the

word/words then define the word/words.

1. E N T M O M U M

______________________________________________________________________________
2. S E P U L I M

______________________________________________________________________________
3. S I L I C O N L O

______________________________________________________________________________
4. S A L E C I T SILLICOON

______________________________________________________________________________
5. S I N E L A T I C COONSILLI

______________________________________________________________________________

Part II - Direction: Consider the given scenario below, then tell whether
the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.

SCENARIO: A big truck and car collided on the road.

1. The force of impact on the bus and the car are the same.
2. The impulses on the bus and the car are the same.
3. The changes in the speed of the car and the bus are the same.
4. The changes in the momentum of the bug and of the car are the same.
5. The momentum before and after collision is equal.

Part III – Direction: Solve the problem below. Make sure to indicate the given,
equation to be used, solution and final answer with the correct unit.

PROBLEM:
Calculate the momentum of a rolling ball having 2 kg mass and a velocity of
6 m/s.

13
 Part IV - PERFORMANCE TASK: Your goal in this section is to apply your
learning to real life situations. You will be given a practical task which
will demonstrate your understanding of the lesson. Read the situation
and task below.

Public Utility Roadworthiness

President Rodrigo Duterte summoned all government agencies responsible
for road safety. He is very concerned with public safety, most especially with
buses. Rampant road mishap for the last 5 years involves bus accidents. Buses
are now considered as coffins on wheels because of chronic road accidents. In
response to the call of the President, the Land Transportation Regulatory and
Franchising Board (LTFRB) has solicited the community to come up with a
scientific safety measures in all public utility vehicles.

Task: You are one of officers of a local NGO who advocates road safety. You are
now tasked to create GUIDELINES for the roadworthiness of all public utility
vehicles. Your proposed guideline once approved, will be uploaded to the official
website of LTFRB to be used for the community to understand the importance of
public utility vehicles roadworthiness. Your material will be evaluated based on
depth of content, comprehensiveness, scientific reasoning, practicality of
recommendations and impact on readers.

PERFORMANCE TASK RUBRIC

4 3 2 1
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY DEVELOPING BEGINNING
Depth of content Depth of content Depth of content is Depth of No depth in
is evident in an provided. content is not content. No
interesting Important evidences clear. Some evidences
way. Important are adequately presented presented
and updated presented. evidences are
evidences are not related to
extensively the problem
presented
Comprehensiveness The guidelines are The guidelines are Some important Not comprehensive.
extensively. adequately facts and Needs facts and
supported with supported with valid evidences are evidences to
valid facts and facts and ideas. lacking or support
ideas. erroneous claims and ideas.
Scientific Strategy and Evidence of strategy Inappropriate No evidence of
Reasoning procedure are or use of scientific scientific
presented in great procedure is reasoning reasoning used
detail appropriately used
Practicality of Recommen- Recommendations Recommen- Recommendations
recom- dations are are attainable for dations are are
mendations attainable by any individual not impossible to
any individual and attainable by achieve.
simple to execute. any
individual
Impact on readers Impact on readers Impact on readers is Impact on Impact of readers
is highly observed readers is fairly is totally not
observed observed observed

14