VTU BETCK205H - Introduction to IoT Assignment 1 Answers
Q1) Briefly explain various network topologies with suitable diagram.
Network Topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of nodes in a network. Common topologies include:
1. Bus Topology: Single central cable connects all devices.
2. Star Topology: All nodes connect to a central hub or switch.
3. Ring Topology: Nodes form a circular path; each connects to two others.
4. Mesh Topology: Every node connects to every other node.
5. Tree Topology: Hierarchical structure with a root node.
6. Hybrid Topology: Combination of multiple topologies.
Q2) Explain OSI model with the help of a neat diagram.
The OSI Model is a 7-layer model standardizing networking functions:
1. Application
2. Presentation
3. Session
4. Transport
5. Network
6. Data Link
7. Physical
Each layer has specific functions, e.g., Application for user interfaces, Network for routing, Physical for bit transmission.
Q3) Explain in detail the classification of computer networks with various diagrams.
Classification based on:
1. Size: PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN.
2. Architecture: Client-Server, Peer-to-Peer.
3. Topology: Star, Ring, Mesh, Bus, Tree.
Q4) Define i) M2M ii) CPS iii) IoE iv) IoP v) Industry 4.0
i) M2M: Direct communication between devices.
ii) CPS: Systems integrating computation and physical processes.
iii) IoE: Broader concept including people, data, processes.
iv) IoP: Human-centered connectivity and interaction.
VTU BETCK205H - Introduction to IoT Assignment 1 Answers
v) Industry 4.0: Advanced automation and data exchange in manufacturing.
Q5) Explain with diagram IoT planes with respect to complex interdependence of technologies.
IoT Planes:
1. Perception Plane: Sensors and actuators.
2. Network Plane: Data communication.
3. Application Plane: Specific uses.
4. Data Management Plane: Processing and analytics.
5. Business Plane: Business logic and decisions.
Q6) Explain the different sensing categories based on the nature of environment being sensed and
the physical sensors being used.
Sensing Categories:
1. Environmental: Temp, humidity (DHT11).
2. Biological: Health sensors (ECG).
3. Chemical: Gas sensors (MQ-series).
4. Mechanical: Vibration, pressure.
5. Optical: Light sensors, cameras.
Q7) Define a sensor node. Explain a simple sensing operation with help of a diagram.
Sensor Node: Device with sensors, processor, communication module, power source.
Operation: Sensor detects data -> Processor processes -> Data sent wirelessly -> Action taken.
Q8) What are the sensor characteristics? Briefly explain.
Characteristics:
1. Sensitivity
2. Accuracy
3. Precision
4. Range
5. Linearity
6. Response Time
7. Stability
VTU BETCK205H - Introduction to IoT Assignment 1 Answers
Q9) Outline differences between Transducers, Sensors and Actuators.
Sensor: Detects changes.
Actuator: Converts signal to action.
Transducer: Converts energy forms.
Q10) Define i) Hysteresis Error ii) Quantization Error iii) Aliasing Error iv) Drift v) Offset Error/bias
i) Hysteresis: Output differs when input changes direction.
ii) Quantization: Error from digitizing analog signal.
iii) Aliasing: Error from under-sampling.
iv) Drift: Gradual output change over time.
v) Offset Error: Constant deviation from true value.
