NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION

MTV Avenue, Naga City, 4400, Philippines

COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory

Name: Chealse P. Advincula BSN 1F Lab time/ Date: _ _

I. Muscular System
Muscles is the specialized tissues that facilitate body movement, make up about 40% of
body weight. Ost body muscle is the voluntary type, called skeletal muscle because it is
attached to the bony skeleton. Skeletal muscle contributes to body contours and shape, and
composes the organ system called the muscular system. These muscles allow you to to grin,
frown, run, swim, shake hands, swing hammer and to otherwise manipulate your
environment. The balance of body muscle is smooth and cardiac muscles, which form the
bulk of the walls of hollow organs and the heart. Smooth and cardiac muscles are involved in
the transport of materials within the body.
Study activities in this chapter deal with microscopic and gross structure of muscle,
identification of voluntary muscles, body movements, and important understandings of
muscle physiology.

OVERVIEW OF MUSCLES TISSUES:

1. Nine characteristics of muscle tissue are listed below. Identify the muscle tissue type and
described by choosing the correct responses from the choices. Enter the appropriate term(s) or
letter(s) of the key choice in the space provided before the number.

Key choices: A. Cardiac B. Smooth C. Skeletal

A,B 1. Involuntary

A,C 2. Banded appearance

B 3. Longitudinal and circularly arranged layers.

C 4. Dense connective tissue packaging

A 5. Coordinated activity to act as a pump

C 6. Moves bone and facial skin

C 7. Referred to as a muscular system

C 8. Voluntary
2. Identify the type of muscle in each of the illustrations in the figure below.
Skeletal Muscle cells and their Packaging into muscles

3. From the inside out, name the type of connective tissue wrappings of a skeletal muscle.
a. Endomysium b. Epimysium c. Perimysium
 Why are the connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle important? (Give at least three
reasons?
-The connective tissue wrappings (a) bundle the muscle fibers together, increasing coordination
of their activity; (b) add strength to the muscle; and (c) provide a route for entry and exit of blood
vessels and nerves to the muscle fibers.

4. On the following figure, label endomysium, epimysium and fascicle.

5. Use the items in the key to correctly identify the structures described below.
Key: Fiber Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm
Myofibril Sarcomere Tendon
Myofilament
Sarcomere _1. Contractile unit muscle
Fiber _2. A muscle cells
Sarcolemma _3. Plasma membrane of the muscle fiber
Myofibril _4. A long filamentous organelle with a banded appearance found within muscle cells
Myofibril _5. Actin or myosin-containing structure
Tendon _6. Cord of collagen fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone.
6. The diagram illustrates a small portion of a muscle myofibril in a highly simplified way. Using
terms from the key correctly identify each structure indicated by a leader liner or a bracket.

Key: Actin filament I band Sarcomere

A band myosin filament Z disc

The Neuromuscular Junction

7. For skeletal muscle cells to contract, they must be excited by motor neurons. However, the
electrical impulse cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite
them. Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells, and what effect does it
produce?
-The chemical acetylcholine combines with the receptors on muscle cells; allows sodium
ions to go into muscle fibers.

8. Why is it that the electrical impulse cannot pass from neuron to muscle cell?
-This is because the neuron and muscle fibers do not touch and are separated by a small fluid-
filled gap/ synaptic cleft

9. The events that occur at a neuromuscular junction are depicted below. Identify by labelling
every structure provided with a leader line.

Key: Axon terminal myelinated axon synaptic cleft

Muscle fiber (cell) Sarcolema Vesicle containing Ach
 Classification of Skeletal Muscles
10. Several criteria were given for the naming of muscles. Match the muscle names (column B) to
the criteria (Column B). Note that more than one muscle may fit the criterion in some cases.

Column A Column B
Adductor magnus 1. Action of the muscle Abdominis transversus
Trapezius _2. Shape of the muscle biceps brachii
extensor carpi ulnaris_3. Location of the origin and/or insertion of deltoid
the muscle.
Biceps femoris 4. Number of origins erector spinae
Gluteus maximus 5. Location of the muscle relative to a bone external intercostals
or body region
Biceps brachii 6. Direction in which the muscle fibers run flexor digitorum superficialis
Relative to some imaginary line pectoralis major
Adductor magnus _7. Relative size of the muscle rectus abdominis

11. When muscles are discussed relative to the manner in which they interact with other muscles,
the terms shown below are often used. Define each item.

Antagonist
-A substance that acts against and blocks an action. Antagonist is the opposite of agonist. Antagonists
and agonists are key players in the chemistry of the human body and in pharmacology.

Fixator
-A muscle that stabilizes or fixes a part of the body to which a muscle in the process of moving another
part is attached.
Prime mover (agonist);
-Muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement; ex: pectoralis major is a
prime mover of arm flexion. antagonist. muscle that opposes, or reverse, a particular movement. You
just studied 33 terms.
Synergist:
-This type of muscle acts around a movable joint to produce motion similar to or in concert with
agonist muscles