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2022

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

B.E: Electronics & Communication Engineering / B.E: Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
NEP, Outcome Based Education (OBE) and Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
(Effective from the academic year 2021 – 22)
VII Semester

Biomedical Signal Processing

Course Code 21EC734
21EC724 CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P:S) 3:0:0:1 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 Total Marks 100
Credits 3 Exam Hours 3
Course objectives:
This course will enable students to:
 Possess the basic mathematical, scientific and computational skills necessary to analyse ECG and
EEG signals.
 Apply classical and modern filtering and compression techniques for ECG and EEG signals.
 Develop a thorough understanding on basics of ECG and EEG feature extraction.
Teaching-Learning Process (General Instructions)
The sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the various course
outcomes are listed in the following:
1. Lecture method (L) does not mean only the traditional lecture method, but a different type of
teaching method may be adopted to develop the outcomes.
2. Show Video/animation films to explain the functioning of various techniques.
3. Encourage collaborative (Group) Learning in the class
4. Ask at least three HOTS (Higher-order Thinking) questions in the class, which promotes critical
thinking
5. Discuss how every concept can be applied to the real world - and when that's possible, it helps
improve the students' understanding.
Module-1
Introduction to Biomedical Signals: The nature of Biomedical Signals, Examples of Biomedical Signals,
Objectives of Biomedical Signal analysis, Difficulties in Biomedical Signal analysis.
(Text-1: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4)
Electrocardiography: Techniques used in electrocardiography, ECG Electrodes, the cardiac equivalent
generator, genesis of the ECG, the standard and augmented limb leads, 12 lead ECG, the
vectorcardiogram, ECG signal characteristics.
(Text-2: 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3)
Signal Conversion: Simple signal conversion systems, Conversion requirements for biomedical signals,
Signal converter characteristics, D to A converters, A to D converters, Sample and Hold circuit, Analog
Multiplexer, Amplifiers
(Text-2: 3.2, 3.3, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.5, 3.4.6).
Teaching-Learning Chalk and talk method, PowerPoint Presentation, YouTube videos
Process RBT Level: L1, L2, L3
Module-2
Signal Averaging: Basics of signal averaging, Signal averaging as a digital filter, a typical averager,
Software for signal averaging, Limitations of signal averaging.
(Text-2: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5).
Adaptive Filters: Principal noise canceller model, 60-Hz adaptive cancelling using a sine wave model,
Applications: Maternal ECG in fetal ECG, Cardiogenic artifact, detection of ventricular fibrillation and
tachycardia. (Text-2: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.3.3).
Teaching-Learning Chalk and talk method, PowerPoint Presentation, YouTube videos

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Process RBT Level: L1, L2, L3

Module-3
Data Reduction Techniques: Introduction, Turning point algorithm, AZTEC algorithm, Fano algorithm,
Huffman coding: Static coding, Modified coding, Adaptive coding, Residual differencing, Runlength
coding.
(Text-2: 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4.1, 10.4.2, 10.4.3, 10.4.4, 10.4.5).
Time and Frequency domain techniques: The Fourier transform for a discrete nonperiodic and
periodic signals, the Fast Fourier transform, Correlation in time domain and in frequency domain,
Convolution in time domain and in frequency domain, Power spectrum estimation: Parseval's theorem
(Text-2: 11.1.1, 11.1.2, 11.1.3, 11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.2.3, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.3.3, 11.4.1)
Teaching-Learning Chalk and talk method, PowerPoint Presentation, YouTube videos
Process RBT Level: L1, L2, L3
Module-4
ECG QRS detection: Power spectrum of the ECG, Bandpass filtering techniques, Differentiation
techniques, Template matching techniques: Template cross correlation, template subtraction, automata
based template matching, a QRS detection algorithm.
ECG Analysis Systems: Interpretation of the 12 lead ECG, ST segment analyzer, Portable arrhythmia
monitor: Holter recording, software and hardware design, arrhythmia analysis (Text -2)
Teaching-Learning Chalk and talk method, PowerPoint Presentation, YouTube videos
Process RBT Level: L1, L2, L3
Module-5
Neurological signal processing: The brain and its potentials, origin of brain waves, the EEG signal and
its characteristics, EEG analysis, Linear prediction theory, The Autoregressive method, Recursive
estimation of AR parameters, Spectral error measure.
(Text-3: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8)
Event detection and waveform analysis: EEG rhythms, waves and transients, Detection of EEG
rhythms, Template matching for EEG spike and wave detection, the matched filter
(Text-1: 4.2.4, 4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.6)
Teaching-Learning Chalk and talk method, Power point presentation
Process RBT Level: L1, L2, L3
Course outcome (Course Skill Set)
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Describe the origin, properties and suitable models of important biological signals such as ECG
and EEG.
2. Know the basic signal processing techniques in analysing biological signals.
3. Acquire mathematical and computational skills relevant to the field of biomedical signal
processing.
4. Describe the basics of ECG signal compression algorithms.
5. Know the complexity of various biological phenomena.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%.
The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50). A student
shall be deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each
subject/ course if the student secures not less than 35% (18 Marks out of 50) in the semester-end
examination (SEE), and a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous
Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together.
Continuous Internal Evaluation:
Three Unit Tests each of 20 Marks (duration 01 hour)
1. First test at the end of 5th week of the semester
2. Second test at the end of the 10th week of the semester

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3. Third test at the end of the 15th week of the semester

Two assignments each of 10 Marks
4. First assignment at the end of 4th week of the semester
5. Second assignment at the end of 9th week of the semester
Group discussion/Seminar/quiz any one of three suitably planned to attain the COs and POs for 20
Marks (duration 01 hours)
6. At the end of the 13th week of the semester
The sum of three tests, two assignments, and quiz/seminar/group discussion will be out of 100 marks
and will be scaled down to 50 marks
(to have less stressed CIE, the portion of the syllabus should not be common /repeated for any of the
methods of the CIE. Each method of CIE should have a different syllabus portion of the course).
CIE methods /question paper is designed to attain the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy as per
the outcome defined for the course.
Semester End Examination:
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question
papers for the subject (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a
maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.. Marks scored
out of 100 shall be reduced proportionally to 50 marks

Suggested Learning Resources:

Books:
1. Biomedical Signal Analysis-Rangaraj M Rangayyan, John Wiley & Sons 2002
2. Biomedical Digital Signal Processing- Willis J Tompkins, PHI2001.
3. Biomedical Signal Processing Principles and Techniques-D C Reddy, McGraw-Hill publications, 2005.

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