Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija , Phillippines
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED
Optimizing PET Bottle Shredder Design: Towards Efficient Recycling
of Plastic Waste"
Presented to Engr. Mark John Dela Cruz
of the Department Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering of
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology -Sumacab Campus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
ME 424D (MACHINE DESIGN 2)
Presented By
Ramos, Jessica
Cabatan, John Edgar
Cubero, Ginuel Luis
Dordas, Beltran Jr. W.
Layen, Joash
De Guzman, Kobe
Gamit, Carlo
Perez, Justine Mark
Rada, Aldrian
May 2024
INTRODUCTION
Plastic waste, particularly in the form of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottles, has
become a pressing environmental concern worldwide. With millions of tons of plastic waste
generated annually, effective recycling solutions are imperative to mitigate the detrimental
impact on ecosystems and human health. Among these solutions, PET bottle shredders emerge as
pivotal tools in the recycling process, facilitating the breakdown of plastic waste into manageable
fragments for further processing. This study aims to delve into the optimization of PET bottle
shredder design, seeking to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of plastic waste recycling. Plastic
waste, particularly in the form of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottles, has become a
pressing environmental concern worldwide. With millions of tons of plastic waste generated
annually, effective recycling solutions are imperative to mitigate the detrimental impact on
ecosystems and human health. Among these solutions, PET bottle shredders emerge as pivotal
tools in the recycling process, facilitating the breakdown of plastic waste into manageable
fragments for further processing. This study aims to delve into the optimization of PET bottle
shredder design, seeking to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of plastic waste recycling.
DESCRIPTION
A plastic shredder efficiently reduces plastic waste into smaller pieces through a hopper,
feeding it into a chamber with rotating blades. A motor powers the blades, while a drive system
ensures smooth operation. Safety features, housed in the frame, prevent accidents.Shredded
plastic exits through a discharge port for recycling or disposal. Plastic shredders contribute to
sustainability efforts with waste management and recycling applications.
MECHANISM
The primary mechanism of a plastic shredder involves several interconnected
components working together seamlessly to reduce plastic waste into smaller, more manageable
pieces efficiently. At the outset, plastic waste is introduced into the shredder through a hopper,
which directs the material into the shredding chamber. Within this chamber lies the heart of the
shredder: rotating blades or cutters mounted on a shaft. As the motor powers the shaft's rotation,
the blades slice through the plastic waste, gradually breaking it into smaller fragments. Beneath
the shredding chamber, a grate or screen with strategically sized openings regulates the size of
the shredded plastic pieces, allowing smaller particles to pass through while retaining larger ones
for further shredding. The motor and drive system provides the necessary power to drive the
rotating shaft and blades, transmitting power from the motor to the shredding mechanism via
belts, pulleys, or gears. The shredder's frame provides structural support and houses the various
components, including safety features such as guards and covers to prevent access to moving
parts during operation. Once shredded, the plastic pieces exit the shredder through a discharge
port or chute, where they can be collected for subsequent processing, recycling, or disposal.
Overall, this cohesive arrangement of components enables the plastic shredder to fulfill its vital
role in waste management, recycling, and resource recovery efforts.
OBJECTIVES
Recyclability: Develop a shredder that efficiently reduces plastic waste into smaller,
uniform pieces, optimizing cutting mechanisms and chamber design to maximize
throughput while minimizing energy consumption.
Safety: Incorporate safety features to prevent accidents and injuries, including blade
guards, emergency stop mechanisms, and interlocks to ensure safe operation and
maintenance.
Durability: Select materials and components that withstand the abrasive nature of plastic
shredding, ensuring longevity and reliability under continuous operation.
Environmental Impact: Minimize the environmental impact of the shredding process by
optimizing energy efficiency, reducing emissions, and ensuring proper disposal or
recycling of shredded material and byproducts.
DESIGN COMPUTATION AND STRUCTURE
S.braking plastic =80 Mpa based on PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) classification of subject.
For the cutting force required
Given:
Thickness = 5mm
Height = 9mm
Ablade=1 mm x 9 mm
2
Ablade=9 mm
F
σ=
A
Fc=σ x A blade
N 2
Fc=80 2
x 9 mm
mm
Fc=720 N
Torque exerting on the blade
Tb=Fc x perpendicular distance
Tb=720 N x 20 mm
Tb=14400 N −mm
Torque of the shaft
Ts=Tb (no . of row blades)
Ts=14400 N −mm(10)
1m
Ts=144000 N −mm( )
1000 mm
Ts=144 N −m
Power Transmitted of shaft
Solve for Tshaft
Given:
No. of row Blades = 10
N=100 rpm
P=2 πTN
rev 1 min
P=2 π ( 144 N−m ) (100 )( )
min 60 sec
1 KW
P=1507.965 W ( )
1000 W
1 HP
P=1.507 KW ( )
0.746 KW
P=2 HP
BELT AND PULLEY
Transmission 1
1inch
Driving Pulley=60 mm x
25.4 mm
Driving Pulley=2.3622 inch
1 inch
Driven Pulley=220 mm x
25.4 mm
Driving Pulley=9 inch
1inch
Center Distance=200 mm x
25.4 mm
Center Distance=7.874 inch
Solution:
Required=Length of Belt
2
π ( D 2+ D1 )
L= ( D 1+ D2 )+2 C +( )
2 4C
π
L= ( 60 mm+220 mm )+ 2 ( 200 mm ) +¿
2
1inch
L=871.82 mm
25.4 mm
L=34 .324 inches
Base on table 17.3 Standard Market ¿(Page . 458 ¿)
Required Length=36.3 ( Belt No . A 35 )
Angle of Contact
Given:
1inch
Central Distance = 200 mm ( ¿
25.4 mm
Central Distance = 7. 84 inch
−1 D 2−D 1
∝=sin ( )
2C
−1
∝=sin ¿
°
∝=22.41
Transmission 2
1inch
Driving Pulley=60 mm x
25.4 mm
Driving Pulley=2.3622 inch
1 inch
Driven Pulley=220 mm x
25.4 mm
Driving Pulley=9 inch
1inch
Center Distance=240 mm x
25.4 mm
Center Distance=9.5 inch
Solution:
Required=Length of Belt
2
π ( D 2+ D1 )
L= ( D 1+ D2 )+2 C +( )
2 4C
π
L= ( 60 mm+220 mm )+ 2 ( 240 mm ) +¿
2
1 inch
L=946.49 mm
25.4 mm
L=37 .36 inches
Base on table 17.3 Standard Market ¿(Page . 458 ¿)
Required Length=39.3 ( Belt No . A 38 )
Angle of Contact
Given:
1inch
Central Distance = 240 mm ( ¿
25.4 mm
Central Distance = 9.44 inch
−1 D 2−D 1
∝=sin ( )
2C
−1
∝=sin ¿
°
∝=18. 53
RATED HP
( )
3 0.09 2
10 C e Vm Vm
Rated Hp=[a − − 6
] 3
Vm Kd D 1 10 10
Based on Book
Fpm=600 fpm
From Table 17.3
a=2.684
c=5.326
e=0.0136
So,
Rated Hp=¿
=0.7488 hp/ per belt
From table 17.4
Solving for kd,
D2 ¿
=9∈ ¿
D1 3∈¿=3∈¿ ¿
Use 2.949 and over..
K=1.14
So;
P=(rated hp/ inch of width)(Cm)(Cp)(Cf)(b)
Cm=0.4
Cp=0.5
Cf=0.83
2hp=(0.7488)(0.4)(0.5)(0.83)(b)
b=16.09 in
Design hp 2.8 hp
No of belts = = =2.27=2
Adjusted rated hp 1. 232 hp
Design Hp = Transmitted hp (Nsf)
= ( 2 hp) (1.6 – 0.2)
= 2.8 hp
Adjusted Hp = Rated Hp(kӨ)(k l ¿
= (2hp)(0.70)(0.88)
= 1.232 hp
From table 17.5
D 2−D1 9∈−3∈ ¿ ¿
kӨ= = 9.44∈¿=0.636=0.70 ¿
C
From table 17.6
K l=0.88
Material of both Roller & Shaft: 4bolts Flange Food Grade Bearing
Density of material: 1400 kg / m3
Lshaft = 250 mm = 9.843 in
Dshaft = 3.4 in
Typical weight of the roller : M roller =30kg
For volume of the shaft:
V shaft =(9.843in)(
1m
()
π
39.37∈¿ ¿ 4
¿ ¿ m3
For weight of the shaft:
w shaft =(1400 kg/m 3)( 1.464 x 10−3 m3)
w shaft = 2.0496kg x 9.81 m/ s2 = 20.107 N
For Weight of the Roller:
w roller =30 kg x 9.81m/ s2
w roller =294.3 N
For the total weight being supported by the bearing:
w total=20.107N + 294.3 N
w total= 314.407 N
For the bearing pressure:
F
Pbearing =
LD
11
Length: 1 in = 42.8625 mm
16
Diameter: 5.1 in = 129.54 mm
314.407 N Kpa
=56 625. 34
Pbearing = 42.8625 129.54 bearing
( )( )
1000 1000
PSI
Pbearing = 8212.81
bearing
KEYS AND KEYWAYS
Given:
Ss= 80 Mpa
Ts= 144 N-m
16 T
Ss= 3
πD
16 (144 N −m)
80 Mpa=
π ( D)3
D=20.93 mm
2T
L=
WDS
2(144000 N −m)
L=
(8 mm)(20.93)(90 mm)
L=19.11 mm
