Operational — Amplipin , Yh epeamp a emule feroind deca, hh Gnbssnatty “a quill: complex . drsor Wiptoliel Chedibi ae being Had in o number of eleclionie applatins Sarr as in fits ke — Qudio-¢ radio commn, medical eledioricn, OX liumentaleén contol of. The Tea) Op- amp the Schema, Symbol 9 Ot op- amp & Ve leek. Ydasd Op —amp capa Tes inverting te - + + HM none Alp 3} 0 |ord nen — woattig Ap = ome ag past % % B ete ee we sigial apps! pn eOy lat Yi. ye oubpulNalldge Ctrayeniin vets) a | Voc hee Wd = hor (Vo) |tr » Ws ep-anp “a tad to be ida 4 UE hos Ie flavin | Anata cherishes % Ofer doop Bally gun, Aor = «0 % Vnput Impedania Re se * Output: Iempodarea Ro = 0 % Randuiaie Polinee 2 t Yo=0 whn Vics =0. . Zero offset ee Paes ioe 2 9 ¥ chaacterintia do ni CMRR 2 > dvigt with Termperatine . St can be bean thab> (Ay “dead op a duns no cumort at bolh the put; Binarals Ch) Uy = te =O» Became Q npinils pal, Unpedan any gral kevuea con dive “ik 4+ Wie & to Soadihg an preceding clever stage wb Sha gas. ig © / The Vellage — bet woon lh ‘overtig + en ~brveiting tuminals > digeental put vellajg VA = CVi-V2) & erenfially eco fer fale output Vellafe Ub (iii) Jha cuput Vella Ze Vo te frdtpondent fq tre Cauent diaion rem Iie @utput” as Ro = 0: Sha output dhs can duie, an inguisle fog OU daar $ the Aworting Arnphiis, ihe a i base fpadback Connachas used. Gq ardor fo understand the cparakisa ute Rteutlz, we make $s realise saimplipne ateerptions cea easkiss also. r . se ho Caer ltawr ‘4 $ ae a We pak Samein ci + _ > mg : ‘ Va betwen na > “ovate x ote ipa rind %, emertially 10+ | ne snvatiig “P ' (fon -Yo Vo ‘he eubpuat Vellsje Vo “te ected fo te Toellhy cpu) Siuial cto Iz Re — Ry reucork where RE I | foduek, — retutgr LSoput mipal VEC Ae at de) x app ed 5 Wrz Yovestidg apa Sana dKtough Ri + non invatling Cnpul per eC cr cot a Gia 0 Vo = MD s Sas Vp = 0 [ © la = % | ln = Vict oOo | Ry } Syo= Ve -vo © Ry BY tninioun gin’)a, a Vho i oy els ; in => { repatnie Sign idiealix a” Phase shit a 180 Jy | PML +. ; | NR ERE ae scplated by immpedanas Xi +m » hin alle, tn Ac, wud be, Aer = —_%t ze This exp yer a Velo gain will be used % op-anp Opples buch ‘wtiqiales ri diporontiale. ete i Non - (nvoy honpl : | Che the aes) utp Yollage, VA a Wipes imal Q ep- amp % xo, Win Va = Ye. ; db My = wt. wae Vi = Me. Zee \lo — Vb _ oOuy Rye R > Rep > 4 (iminium gain) Voltage Follower : | Qn the non~ Snveiting apis» y Ro + Rie Fwe get Wie rrediged Cou a, 1 | 7 vt a [chen Vo= (: ee eqn, Output Yolldge fs equal de tnpab Volye, bole wn (G> Wolldje 7 output vollays —fellauan ye Cuouit te Called as Nolhge Magrifude + phoae We Gpuk Vollape . Hone filet . _ te Ue | Ne ually pa sot 15 apa “empedarr Us vey hgh cheats So Wa dock (a Mo sda) +) ) | ’ Ditgerenti His: ifferential Amplutivs lyase cyyemn@ Febwean bie A Saat that cmplyds Mo “hyoun amply | a digjotana 6 dyotlial | signols %® e bi Sk % vey useyul % usbumant : Ub Ye dyuuntal Vellaze Nd = 0 ates Re _(bneatiig anp) —© ft vi Ri Noy = Nos = (1+ | C Ri i nr . Branch Voltage = ral Va = Va+ Re i = 1 Nes Ro R Rat Ry 4. Rs ty Noe i) ( Oo. Ri Ra tRy 4» Noe \by + Vor 7 7 Yt 4+ nay) Ye. \° " Rie Re= Ro = R ThE | | | Midna malted: vafd+t\- ML st “Re n° ®@ Vbfite ++ G Re -i = No a ® |Ne. yo Ro Ry Vo = Re, 27-VI fe $ O] -e Buh a ckt Veey Useful in dlaleeting New Simalh difgernes | signals » punta ThE gen RalR) can be thowen be Veuy Jaye 4 = Sp Ro > (ook, , tha a Amal Appetenca. WV “n curnp Lipit ]00 times , Diteronco - moda + Common- mode Gains : I dian @, f} We be Min Wo. That ‘yt stgnad Common lo ott inp gol Ger called = produa No output Vollags . Uris ts Mites an ‘deal op-amp , howeue!, @ peckial opm amp esti one sal sexoue to cormmn roa Congnud fT a Je output — VoUsHe coponds nek only Hf ye aL SE Acad y WE mR Wi YH pee gel |ln r| he. : : . pe Comma - roa gina Vou pitch 2, ‘4 | New = Vande | “a Jon dtp erontiod covplizion , drdiugh, We cued is |anromabixe + buk becaun the misnmtch , Ih goin.at bis autput dic repock to partie Kamina “s Mighty dypor | magiutads, ‘to “Bat Q Me ragebve Seon 8 exon wil Tha | ase. wan applied “te pelk upubs ” Wie ug, Subp nat Keto. | Yo = Aidit A2 Us | whe Av, Ao i Mie amp: pactat -. Common - Mode Reeduin Rafio \/ Sho Yelatve. senshi Qa ep- amp ‘fo a dighoronce. rs erga ‘to a cevomen= erode ral calcd en - mode Rigectivee xattio COMRR) + que: Ue segue @ @ mt P jee digowilial amphi. MRR = P= to.\ Acm . and %% usually exprowed tn dadibels (AB) « Y a etae Inverts, ‘ ris Dey reg toy i ; A tipieat suring amplipinn ude Uae: anpuk Veliages Vy, Vad Vg, aie sipul vesstors R\,Re, Rs ond a joadback resnder Rp - Rt Rk, Reonp = RMR Rs Ry | @ Vaz Vpzo, | tid De Vice , W=Ve_ yk | Ri Ro Rs Ty = Sb —Vo Re | VW + N24 33 2 -¥o 2 So (ek ase BID Geant) aviOd e Rr Ry RoR Rg Ry op Ri= Ro= Ra = Ry 2 fk., at ttt a se ae Non - \nirting Suring Pomplipia A suromo, tho yi a Ren- snvwilad new — an umptig compli. het, Ut vig a Ne (-) wpa Bovina be See ee in ss ao be Vhe nodal eqn at node ‘a’ “se gion by, urn “4 We \y-Va 4 Waa + Vs- te =o. —O Ry Ro Rt Ra to =f - TF Vo- Bb ae Vol > Ty =f Ry ~® Ve = va-( 14 8) : aE Ri Ro Ri Ro Rs trom © => (a 4 Me Ve) = Whaat] Yo= ue 4 M3 , Ry Ro Ra RR RS ~& rar - fr) (es Ro \lo = aL 4+ (fab Ry Ro = Re | R, = R= Ry = R he i nes [Wee Wr | R3| Vi & And 2.10 V Convertay ee Velkage to Cunent Cemerlés, (Transconductants Anplj.ia) Tn many appliéations, ene tay have fo Comes 0. vallije inal to a VeVi) y Vor 2) Meg EL | R aR S : | | H . . a | | eo - 2, = LR. | Nix Vo - 2N1 L Al ‘ | NV, 2 Vi+¥0 -1R ou . os dre ie op -amp 5 uid th non - inverting mode, ike gin @ We choir i MRR = 2. de output B, Woe OV = Vio -t LAR ci Viz eR7 a ou us Yt 2 RK Ne We {np tmpedonta go fon - VOU hugh , thin Chis hoe Mo advanloge love trig cornphypiie diawsing veuy Vo erment —ysorn tho Canna . A Velo to cunsant, convened led pt too volley, de 4 de Votlmsldy, , LED 4 ones Binds Swtor 4 wu Coane At on iodine Vhote culpul Cuyonl enoigy 64 Sights. Uhe con be Conve vauage, — conve nadtant mean . to cusant {lous Ko G t Binw \he 4pealbock te may be Clink = Corn vi - op amp . enwigy Sncidons on Wie Tet Roe Vellaye — Convert, (TransreSistans Aphis ) »calk, Pholodieds and pholovetloue col give til 16 VOUOgs by ho co) inpul sjorcrena “ sracughe Re + Common 4 pextatan fy thus Une Subp qoiwhd but shat hic Lowest: rapa wi spon per frig tnot, -poopedianal to an inden cuyonk SSiiough hiss. dostas using 6 CMON & and Svieby Ihe Ormounk 4 ight oA pholn dayiea can be Re viatual, ground , glows Droough Valkoge Vo = - Use + quant “wl” “thd Fag cnmont Tp 4 | Lae the vesuty Rp KomeTimay hurd lia tapadlz, C4 to vedo hig 4requancy aloe. +h powsibuily 4 cnellidlion, . Diyerentiates Ca q simpli op-amp chet at contain Capacitor 1s UG ciYuartinhing omplipis , ogous SE -porpims dhe mathematical epotatian q ditg (> Ik oubpuk wewwefo4m ‘a Win detvabiie g ‘input woagfain, ; oo Ry Ci dL t . le ty rt dCvi- Ve) = Ve- vo ae Re ec, dvi = Ve de Rp Vo RE au hu, tig autpuk vabege- Uo k 0 comtont CRC) fas te tails 4 hs pak velbape Vi and We chunk 4 itguankioti « iwe ’ a. es he Menus sgn indica, @ 180 phate Ahi Ge gutpuls eOaweypin Vo wil respect to pute pegnak . Nos) = — RG evils) put se yes Ja) = {ye} ofp Ree) c MW wR Cy ja\ = 2TE REC = ih. whet fa am Re Cy 2 2) Ue 0 ae, ind ME. get romans te g-fa ) Vale) oes i a a mi gq +80 de] decade . Thus | ; ‘ become * unitable + break wig oncellalian Seg ae docrocres wtin fncwase fn fe Inés by makehg perma. 92 MBL $F noise.» Prockical Difperontialer = s oo. : ace ier Ue pooblam 86 insbabilily This Co a. et | 1 o —Aww_] \ | vio wt Vb Yo No ny Reomp I= t, + ta Vv, -Vb vty. 4 (Vp-¥) xs Ve-Vo, Se dt i alNae Vb =? » - fe 8] z x Re 1 r yee Mo +e cs deg ue Ris te a Ry wa wy gee vy, Oe 2 - [4 de + Vo Jeo | dt Re}. N : To ve = -[s cy Vols) Lue] qwrt wio[geu]> we [08 [es Ry Melo, = PRES vils) (14 §oRic) (rage Ree) 2 -phue , (14 Je Ric)? Vols) 5-81 vneey (reywries y %& >? R=? Re Cy wr Rr Recp = RIC Cragtchiy fer)Nels) = we & Rp Cys VEG) , ‘ Volt) = =Rpci Ave de Nols) a3 yo Ree wid Cage RC) )” | vol) = $ lta vils) (ryan ® a } -! gf | oT BTR: wer eR c ° . | woutd have inewaned continugwnly, even jeyound tb cauntng whut Ihe gain at dph by awauding wie hgh, yhe Vato fb snc we fte4 TIPOnse jot We al 5 4 ao de] decade latabilily speoblem at hgh yuoguey | ques 8 sectucool apugnigecant ly » Ute 404 nose + stabilily speoblems Noe wadid ame» das So “Fe [coh Jo tke ily gest. pw G he opamp spen + oop coOngey + A good dugheronbiation may P° devigaed ae | vw pllsuring sph: te choo =f equal to (he hagluse $y the tmput nigral firsume a prackica value. | © ere) 4 iniy Cateulale — Rr eee’ fpe eta» Now Glbic Ri at C4 he Thay RCs = REEL Reomp ® K “4 onnenre mp > Ri |iBe : NBR { “pai ei ci wiles re ti a | & ogje an opamp Aiyewatiate, “Wot will dygeanhali an gat sya! Imax #100 We draw tA cutpat Waren fer a gow wwe q 1V peak at WORT appli de the diggerentiale ty Repeat bh yea fquare dave eput ) a oe myc je fina (OME | geet fa nee | tee Cr &! BE | | q = _i — te = Ip. KR - | 2m 100 KO-) 10 ~ Rez > Ne | ears ohm aaa: R= ———.,,* SUK | a (10%) (107 Sne Re Ce = Rici 5 -F cps 124 x1o~ X10 - one pts 8 16-4 * 10 we Ves 1 snatr(ie) bo Vo = Rr avi ak | aerenees a . 56 | = = (15-4 x10 ) (onxid ) dfaiar 8) | a ise ee) Co-tpy) Com) (ict) C08 PMU E =o - 9999 tal an(iot)t | = 7 cosfa (roe)Jipuk gon UP “doa quae int sangre Pe absut +13V » say WV ro cite + MF : appietinaly 1 a fet ohite fp ts com cubpur 1d be HAD Howeuel » When wie slope § oper pave » The outpu, paige sis U op- mp pout: °No) = each . sy sj) 2 cl vg). Vol jw) ORCS fo, ng magilide Me gala’ ot ApH Sinwxction “8, \a\ = Noh) ) le a Go rics wR CE Wie gain oy Le “ey Vie {equancy ake which , joao + “eqn by fo = _— aD Rice sth: Practical tee “ a ED ue (one) » 4 Vo | | Vg 2 Nb=O ] Te ge ay | wb ly= be bg | | e » dye=Ne | views 2 woe +f ss) | Ri Re vig - [weep de Ry Re dt + Rep. duo - Rw LMM /Wolo) - Ri. Wls) —@ MUS) = SACS ae Rie eRicy | Vo(s) ae R »> ® Vs) = | sacs vwis)} cs Vols) + Vals? On 07 NUS) + 3% Ry Ry wig) = = MD ee & (1+ swe Ct ) Re . Wl) = a) se I _ to) C4 ORE CE v4 pre Bs ‘atl Trem ey Vo re wWReCs ia) « |ts bk gy & dee eg at ttt yoy 8 I lowen ha ; ange ctor, GM Spat fe [& dower than fa tha” chen ack Stbe ° ole. Wart ona mu a bimpke inverting poe no snligtation sans AL ‘wpa v4 expal le jfa BorJ> Accuney HAWG he practical hum auto “a hat 4 Wee inpuk fay tk to times fg, Than Iq" Accunacy Jean seal. ¥! Conder, Dre tawny | inlegalsy, Jor tie comperont vals , |Ry=1OKD + Re = foowa . CE = IONE, dalirmue Wie lower fttcy, inal inlagittdon and surly INE NEPOWSE we opus ldo Ade wave vin Slip wpe tli Squaw wave [38 Co: Ry = 100 KS | as | Ri = loKSe | Cr = (onf . { ct _ ee = SU Wz $a ot Re Cre 2TK joo Hh* jonF « la sow 49} acemacy . VE fpr WE arr “ | eno. Beers a, 124 wuz» Acc Can be achived beyond A” . DD Sdw Woe inp: ween x >| . \ planet) | =e (dls = ——.3” \ Nott) = cy \ eS ogg OnE ae - 10 Sein (ai sooot dk = =10" C costo sooet) | ® on 5000 | = 0.318 ©08( st Soeot) . " - astp, Tae, ingat a9 sap wap YE =v | 40 OLE £0.3 mS, Win tie Sakpurr vellnje ab E~ O-sme ia 0.3m b= 0-3ms, } . be = [vat 2 ri te Rats \o KL x IONE ° 20 nS —lot Yo.s KIO = — By. Square Waue Input The oubpaty Wawfain oh on tg Bmax, 1 peak squo wane, ost MS Voz —J) a 5 RIG |). ae = —10 X0.1K10 % yy. Vey r) ve ae oF -”— s | inti log Pnpha yut | gad Aatiby Amphyee . | ating an vee apps Q leg 4 ard Log | . i ulations troy segiuse fo auch : 1 | Radieg —comnp' a ae he con be Poysumad corkinugusly 200 Jog - amps - Inz, he fundamental log. amp cu > | dog Pin pI ees—rt! Ig fs 157°, Jer? 3s] x Ge [= $ ih aides we HE Taking rubiial Ig on P Ve fen () hae ate [on te] | | | se : is, veo in (as) «At (38), who Veep = Ri Ss . to ht i ; plage ‘a dhs propedtional vues «The MO hae Aulkough YE ya . Logauithin if pe Jogi PY ee va deg (0), ona, 8 Jeg ok 7 o-43h3 In ¥ toANTILOG AMPLIFIER "The circuit is shown in Fig. 4.19. ‘The input V, for the antilog-amp is fed into” the temperature compensaling voltage divider R, and Rye and then 10 the base se fed back to the inverting input of 4, H of Q,. The output through the resistor Ry be written é V, of the antilog-amp 1S fe i 1 voltage of transistors Q\ and Q) can ‘The base to emiltel (4.45) and 4 46) Since the base of Q, is tied to ground, we get ee a | Vo ) q Ril, Vor B-E~ The base voltage V, of Q, is But the emitter voltage of Q, is Vg, that is, ~” , Va= Voor or, _ kT . q i AT Veetoe, (451) Changing natural log, i-¢. In t0 10810 using Bg. (438) we Be eect) GP )\R+ Rr Veet v, _K'V,=10810( —— KY, on 7)V, Ven =10-*% (4.53) or, V, = Voce (10-¥¥i) where K’ =0.4343 (_4_ Rre ) (4.54) kT }\ Ry+Rrc Hence an ineranca nf inne bo. . : Freee bee dana