1

Computer Networks Lab

(Project Report)

Submitted To: Hina Alam

Submitted By:

Arshman Shahbaz (F2019376001)

Shaleeza Alamgeer (F2019376008)

Nimra Muzammal (F2019376049)

Muhammad Ozair Attiq (F2019376036)

Sheeza Waheed (F2019376032)

 2

Abstract

This project is to design a suitable network system for companies within a city. The aim was

to design a network that is cost-efficient and provides reliable, manageable communication.

To improve network design, the technology we used was creating multiple LANs using

normal devices and connecting them with routers serial connections. The network can also

become better by using routing and other protocols. So, we have used such protocols and

fewer devices to reduce the cost. We used Cisco-Packet Tracer to design our network.
 3

Contents

Abstract 1

Contents 2

Introduction 4

Requirement Analysis 4

Network Design and Structure 4

Network Topology 4

Network Specifications 5

Network Scenario 5

Company X 5

Company Y 6

Company Z 6

Complete Network Design 7

Configuration of Subnets 7

Company X 7

Calculations 7

Ranges 7

Company Y 8

Calculations 8

Ranges 8

Company Z 8

Calculations 8

Ranges 8

Routers Serial Communication 8

Calculations 8
 4

Ranges 9

Configuration of LANs 9

Configuration of PCs 9

Company X 9

Company Y 9

Company Z 10

Configuration of Gateways 10

Company X 10

Company Y 10

Company Z 11

Configuration of Routers 11

Company X 13

RIP of Company X 13

Company Y 13

RIP of Company Y 14

Company Z 14

RIP of Company Z 15

Ping Results 16

Conclusion 17
 5

Introduction

In the modern world, communication and exchange of information is essential. To stay

connected we have several forms of communication and connection. such a connection is

formed between several companies in our project to depict how a cost efficient network can

be designed to get a company started and connected to other companies in its vicinity or even

at a distant location.

The designed network handles and exchanges traffic between three companies namely;

Company X, Company Y and Company Z. The aforementioned companies have been

assigned the IPs 44.186.96.0/19 (CMP X), 50.152.0.0/15 (CMP Y and 210.98.169.64/26

(CMP Z).

Given the Design requirement of our companies, we needed to subnet our given network

addresses for successful, sensibly utilized and uninterrupted communication. To make inter

LAN communication successful we required Serial Communication between the routers. For

this purpose, routers, serial communication 199.210.121.160/28 was also sub-netted. The

details of the work are described below.

Requirement Analysis

 Our main requirement is to design a network that holds up for three different

companies and supports inter-company communication.

 Since we bear the expenses of network design, we have to design a network that is

cost-efficient.
 6

Network Design and Structure

Our project is required to make three companies with the following details:

 CMP X with five rooms and one PC in each room

 CMP Y with three rooms and three PCs in each room

 CMP Z with two rooms and four PCs in each room

CMP X utilizes five switches configured over two routers. This is because CMP X has five

rooms and one router can only support up to four connections.

CMP Y utilizes three switches configured over one router

CMP X utilizes two switches configured over one router

For the best demonstration of this network structure. We decided to use one switch per room.

We further decided to connect routers in such a way that each router would have four

connections. Two routers have two serial connections each and two routers have only one

serial connection each. This makes for a network that is inexpensive, provides easier

management and ensures network flexibility.

Network Topology

The topology which we will be using in this project is a hybrid topology in which the client

devices are connected to their respective switches which is a star topology and these switches

are further connected to the routers in a star topology again and finally the routers are

connected in a bus topology.

We used Ethernet which is the most widespread wired local area network protocol in this

project. The connection between different LANs is realized through serial connections.
 7

Network Specifications

We used Copper straight-through wire to connect the PCs with the switches and the switches

to the routers. We used Serial DCE and Serial DTE wires to connect the routers and RIPv2

protocol for their configuration. This is because we made use of subnetting for dividing our

network and RIPv2 is a classless, distance vector routing protocol. As it is a classless routing

protocol, it includes the subnet mask with the network addresses in its routing updates. As

with other classless routing protocols, RIPv2 supports CIDR supernets. All the terminals and

the interfaces (ports) are administratively shut down by default until they are configured. This

prevents unnecessary errors and potential damage to the equipment.

Network Scenario

The network has been designed in the following way:

Company X

Figure 1 CMP X
 8

Company Y

Figure 2 CMP Y

Company Z

Figure 3 CMP Z
 9

Complete Network Design

Figure 4 Complete Network Design

Configuration of Subnets

The sub-netting of each network is as follows:

Company X

Given: 144.186.96.0/19

We need five networks. Which means we will have to borrow three host bits

144.186.96.0/22.

New Subnet Mask -> 255.255.11111100.0 → 255.255.252.0

Calculations

1) 144.186.96.0 -> 144.186.011 000 00

2) 144.186.100.0 -> 144.186.011 001 00

3) 144.186.104.0 -> 144.186.011 010 00

4) 144.186.108.0 -> 144.186.011 011 00

5) 144.186.112.0 -> 144.186.011 100 00

Ranges

Subnet Network Address Valid Host Broadcast Address

 10

1. 144.186.96.0 144.186.96.1 - 144.186.99.254 144.186.99.255

2. 144.186.100.0 144.186.100.1 - 144.186.103.254 144.186.103.255

3. 144.186.104.0 144.186.104.1 - 144.186.107.254 144.186.107.255

4. 144.186.108.0 144.186.108.1 - 144.186.111.254 144.186.111.255

5. 144.186.112.0 144.186.112.1 - 144.186.115.254 144.186.115.255

Company Y

Given: 50.152.0.0/15

We need 3 networks. Which means we will have to borrow two host bits 50.152.0.0/17.

New Subnet Mask -> 255.10011000.0.0 → 255.255.128.0

Calculations

1) 50.152.0.0 -> 50.10011000.00000000.0

2) 50.152.128.0 -> 50.10011000.10000000.0

3) 50.153.0.0 -> 50.10011001.00000000.0

Ranges

Subnet Network Address Valid Host Broadcast Address

1. 50.152.0.0 50.152.0.1 - 50.152.127.254 50.152.127.255

2. 50.152.128.0 50.152.128.1 - 50.152.255.254 50.152.255.255

3. 50.153.0.0 50.153.0.1 - 50.153.0.128 50.153.0.129

Company Z

Given: 210.98.169.64/26

We need 2 networks. Which means we will have to borrow one host bit 210.98.169.64/27

New Subnet Mask -> 255.255.255.11100000 → 255.255.255.224

Calculations

1) 210.98.169.64 -> 210.98.169.01000000

2) 210.98.169.96 -> 210.98.169.01100000

 11

Ranges

Subnet Network Address Valid Host Broadcast Address

1. 210.98.169.64 210.98.169.65 - 210.98.169.94 210.98.169.95

2. 210.98.169.96 210.98.169.97 - 210.98.169.126 210.98.169.127

Routers Serial Communication

Given: 199.210.121.160/28.

We need 4 networks. Which means we will have to borrow two host bits 199.210.121.160/30.

New Subnet Mask -> 255.255.255.11111100 → 255.255.255.252

Calculations

1) 199.210.121.160 -> 199.210.121.11000000

2) 199.210.121.164 -> 199.210.121.11000100

3) 199.210.121.168 -> 199.210.121.11001000

4) 199.210.121.172 -> 199.210.121.11001100

Ranges

Subnet Network Address Valid Host Broadcast Address

1. 199.210.121.160 199.210.121.161 - 199.210.121.162 199.210.121.163

2. 199.210.121.164 199.210.121.165 - 199.210.121.166 199.210.121.167

3. 199.210.121.168 199.210.121.169 - 199.210.121.170 199.210.121.171

4. 199.210.121.172 199.210.121.173 - 199.210.121.174 199.210.121.175

 12

Configuration of LANs

Configuration of PCs

All the PCs in the networks were assigned static IP addresses.

Company X

Name IP address Subnet Gateway

PC-PT PC0 144.186.96.1 255.255.252.0 144.186.96.2

PC-PT PC1 144.186.100.1 255.255.252.0 144.186.100.2

PC-PT PC2 144.186.104.1 255.255.252.0 144.186.104.2

PC-PT PC3 144.186.112.1 255.255.252.0 144.186.112.2

PC-PT PC5 144.186.108.1 255.255.252.0 144.186.108.2

Company Y

Name IP address Subnet Gateway

PC-PT PC8 50.152.0.1 255.255.128.0 50.152.0.4

PC-PT PC4 50.152.0.2 255.255.128.0 50.152.0.4

PC-PT PC6 50.152.0.3 255.255.128.0 50.152.0.4

PC-PT PC9 50.152.128.1 255.255.252.0 50.152.128.4

PC-PT PC7 50.152.128.2 255.255.252.0 50.152.128.4

PC-PT PC10 50.152.128.3 255.255.252.0 50.152.128.4

 13

PC-PT PC11 50.153.0.1 255.255.128.0 50.153.0.4

PC-PT PC12 50.153.0.2 255.255.128.0 50.153.0.4

PC-PT PC13 50.153.0.3 255.255.128.0 50.153.0.4

Company Z

Name IP address Subnet Gateway

PC-PT PC14 210.98.169.65 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.69

PC-PT PC15 210.98.169.66 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.69

PC-PT PC16 210.98.169.67 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.69

PC-PT PC17 210.98.169.68 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.69

PC-PT PC18 210.98.169.97 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.101

PC-PT PC19 210.98.169.98 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.101

PC-PT PC20 210.98.169.99 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.101

PC-PT PC21 210.98.169.100 255.255.255.224 210.98.169.101

Configuration of Gateways

Company X

Name Gateway Address

Switch0 144.186.96.2

Switch1 144.186.100.2

Switch2 144.186.104.2
 14

Switch3 144.186.112.2

Switch4 144.186.108.2

Company Y

Name Gateway Address

Switch10 50.152.0.4

Switch5 50.152.128.4

Switch6 50.153.0.4

Company Z

Name Gateway Address

Switch8 210.98.169.69

Switch9 210.98.169.101
 15

Configuration of Routers

Routers were set up using the CLI interface.

 16

The other routers were set up similarly.

Company X

Name Serial IP Subnet Network IP

Router20 199.210.121.161 255.255.255.252 199.210.121.0

Router21 199.210.121.162 255.255.255.252 199.210.121.0

 17

RIP of Company X

Company Y

Name Serial IP Subnet Network IP

Router2 199.210.121.165 255.255.255.252 199.210.121.0

RIP of Company Y
 18

Company Z

Name Seriel IP Subnet Network IP

Router20 199.210.121.161 255.255.255.252 199.210.121.0

Router21 199.210.121.162 255.255.255.252 199.210.121.0

RIP of Company Z
 19

Ping Results

The first message was unsuccessful because the PC0 had not discovered the others within its

network. It was successful afterwards.

The third message failed again because the broadcast IP had not gone beyond the network

onto the second router. It worked on the second attempt.

 20

Ping between companies was successful as well.

Conclusion

This project has proven that a standard network system can be designed with less cost.

Although we have used the minimalist of devices we were able to connect 3 LAN’s and made

communication between them possible. We overcame the obstacle to assigning IP addresses

to newly added networks within a LAN by assigning a unique IP to all the PC’s and

gateways. We also depicted the working of RIP version 2 protocol. At the end, our aim was

achieved by designing a network that ticked all the conditions and requirements.