Enrollment No: _______________
GANDHINAGAR UNIVERSITY
B.Tech. – Semester 4 ODD Term 2024-25
Subject Code: 10010401 Date: 09/12/2024
Subject Name: Fluid Mechanics
Time:10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Don’t write or tick mark on question paper.
Marks
Q.1 (a) 1. A The ratio of the specific weight of the liquid to the specific 08
weight of a standard fluid is known as
(a) specific volume (b) specific gravity
(c) weight density (d) viscosity.
2. A real practical fluid possesses which of the following?
(a) Viscosity (b) Surface tension
(c) Compressibility (d) density
3. The co-efficient of discharge ( ) of venturimeter lies within the
limits:
(a) 0.95 to 0.99 (b) 0.8 to 0.85
(c) 0.7 to 0.8 (d) 0.6 to 0.7
4. In dimensional analysis the Buckingham's π-theorem is widely
used and expresses the resulting equation in terms of
(a) the repeating variables
(b) geometric, kinematic and dynamic variables
(c) (n - m) dimensionless parameters
(d) n dimensionless parameters
5. The sonic velocity is largest in which of the following?
(a) Water (b) Steel
(c) Kerosene (d) Air
6. ……….. studied the laminar flow through a circular tube
experimentally
(a) Prandtl (b) Pascal
(b) Hagen and Poiseuille (d) None of the above
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7. The point of application of the total pressure on the surface is
(a) centroid of the surface (b) centre of pressure
(c) either of the above (d) none of the above
8. If a body does not return to its original position from the slightly
displaced angular position and heels farther away, when given a
small angular displacement; such an equilibrium is called______.
(a) stable equilibrium
(b) unstable equilibrium
(c) neutral equilibrium
(d) any of the above
(b) Define the following. Density, Weight density, Specific volume and 06
Specific gravity of a fluid.
Q.2 (a) What is the difference between U-tube differential manometers and inverted 03
U-tube differential manometer?
(b) A simple U-tube manometer containing mercury is connected to a pipe in which 05
a fluid of sp. gr. 0.8 and having vacuum pressure is flowing. The other end of
the manometer is open to atmosphere. Find the vacuum pressure in pipe, if the
difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 40 cm and the height of fluid in
the left from the center of pipe is 15 cm below.
(c) State and prove the Pascal's law. 06
OR
(c) Calculate the specific weight, density, and specific gravity of one liter of a liquid 06
which weights 7 N.
Q.3 (a) Define Surface Tension, Capillarity, Bulk Modulus 03
(b) Define the following terms: 05
i. Total pressure
ii. Centre of pressure
iii. Force of buoyancy
iv. Metacenter
(c) A rectangular plane surface is 2 m wide and 3 m deep. It lies in vertical plane in 06
water. Determine the total pressure and position of center of pressure on the
plane surface when its upper edge is horizontal and (a) coincides with water
surface, (b) 2.5 m below the free water surface
OR
Q.3 (a) Prove that velocity of sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by C= √(k/ρ) 03
Where k= Bulk modulus of fluid and ρ = Density of fluid.
(b) Explain the construction and working of a Venturimeter and also derive 05
an expression for the discharge through it.
(c) An open tank contains water up to a depth of 2 m and above it an oil of 06
sp. gr. 0.9 for a depth of 1 m. Find the pressure intensity (i) at the
interface of the two liquids, and (ii) at the bottom of the tank.
Q.4 (a) Explain the term, 'dimensionally homogeneous equation'. 03
(b) What do you mean by repeating variables? How are the repeating variables 05
selected for dimensional analysis?
(c) Explain Zone of action, Zone of silence, Mach angle, Mach number and Mach- 06
cone with the help of diagram.
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OR
Q.4 (a) State assumptions for Bernoulli’s equation. 03
(b) Explain the Reynolds experiment with neat sketch. 05
(c) A crude oil of kinematic viscosity 0.4 stoke is flowing through a pipe of 06
diameter 300 mm at the rate of 300 liters per sec. Find the head lost due to
friction for a length of 50 m of the pipe.
Q.5 Answer any two.
(a) Derive the Hagen – Poiseuille equation for laminar flow in the circular pipe. 07
(b) Derive Euler’s equation of motion. 07
(c) The pressure difference Δp in a pipe of diameter D and length l due to turbulent 07
flow depends on the velocity V, viscosity µ, density ρ and roughness k. Using
Buckingham's π-theorem, obtain an expression for Δp.
(d) Explain the condition of stability for a submerged body. 07
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