1.
Classify each of the following
Continuous
Ratio
Interval
Nominal
Qualitative
Ordinal
Discrete
Quantitative
first as qualitative or quantitative
(discrete or continuous) and
specify the measurement
scale that is employed when
taking measurements on each:
A. Gender of babies born in a X X X
hospital during a year (Example)
B. The net wages of workers; X X X
C. The satisfaction level of X X X
customers (Strongly satisfied = 5,
satisfied = 4, Neutral = 3, not
satisfied and Strongly not
satisfied = 1)?
D. Athletic medals: Gold, Silver X X
and Bronze
E. Socioeconomic status of a X X
family when classified as
low,middle and upper classes.
F. Temperature measured in X X X
degree faranite
G. Residence (Urban, Rural) X X
H. Amount of tax payment in birr X X X
I. Educational status (High school X X
completed, certificate, diploma,
First degree, second degree and
above)
2. a,
Frequency of M= 9
Frequency of S= 21
Frequency of D= 21
Frequency of W = 21
Find the percentages of values in each class by using; % f/n*100 Where f=
frequency of the n class, n=total number of value
Class (1) Tally (2) Frequency (3) Percent (4)
M 9 15
//// ////
S 21 33
//// //// //// //// /
D 21 33
//// //// //// //// /
W 12 19
//// //// //
B.
Class Frequency Percent Degree
M 9 15 51
S 21 33 120
D 21 33 120
W 12 19 69
b.
Martial status in Percent
Married
Widowed 15%
19%
Single
33%
Divorced
33%
Married Single Divorced Widowed
3. STEP 1. Unit of measurement; U= 1year
STEP 2. Max = 90, Min = 21 so that R = 90-21= 69
STEP 3. Fix the number of classes desired (k)
Use Sturge’s Formula: k =1+3.332log10 N where N is the total frequency. And round
this value of k up to get an integer number. N=60
K =1+3.332log10 (60)
=7
STEP 4.
69/9=9.857= 10
STEP 5. Starting point = 21 = lower limit of the first class.
21 31 41 51 61 71 81
STEP 6. Upper limit of the first class = 31-1 = 30.
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Class limits Class limits
21-30 61-70
31-40 71-80
41-50 81-90
51-60
STEP 7. By subtracting 0.5 units of measurement from the lower class limits and by
adding 0.5 units of measurement to the upper class limits, we can get lower and
upper class boundaries as follows.
Class boundaries Class boundaries
20.5-30.5 60.5-70.5
30.5-40.5 70.5-80.5
40.5-50.5 80.5-90.5
50.5-60.5
STEPS 8, 9 and 10
Class limits Class Tally frequency Cumulative Cumulative
boundaries frequency(les frequency(more
s than type) than type)
21-30 20.5-30.5 //// //// / 12 12 60
/
31-40 30.5-40.5 //// //// / 11 23 48
41-50 40.5-50.5 //// //// / 12 35 37
/
51-60 50.5-60.5 //// //// / 23 58 25
/// //// //
/
61-70 60.5-70.5 / 1 59 2
71-80 70.5-80.5 0 59 1
81-90 80.5-90.5 / 1 60 1
Class Class Tally frequency Class Cumulative Cumulative
limits boundaries Mark frequency(les frequency(more
s than type) than type)
21-30 20.5-30.5 //// //// / 12 25.5 12 60
/
31-40 30.5-40.5 //// //// / 11 35.5 23 48
41-50 40.5-50.5 //// //// / 12 45.5 35 37
/
51-60 50.5-60.5 //// //// / 23 55.5 58 25
/// //// //
/
61-70 60.5-70.5 / 1 65.5 59 2
71-80 70.5-80.5 0 75.5 59 1
81-90 80.5-90.5 / 1 85.5 60 1
.
21
16
11
1
0
25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5
C,
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5
5.Class mark (M): the midpoint of a class interval.
Class Frequency Class mark Cumulative
Limit Frequency
less than type
1–5 7 3 7
6 – 10 9 8 16
11 – 15 14 13 30
16 – 20 12 18 42
21 – 25 8 23 50
A. Mean
675/65 = 10.385
B. Median
First find the less than cumulative frequency
Identify the median class.
N/2 =50/2= 25 30isthe first cumulative frequency to be greater than or equal to 25
11 – 15 is the median class
Lmed=10.5 W=5 n= 50 C= 16 Fmed=14
= 10.5+5/14 (25-16) = 13.71
C . 11-15 = is the modal class,sin ceit is a class with the highest frequency
Lmo= 11 W=5 1 =Fmo - F=14-9 2= 14-12=2
= 11+(5/5+2)5
Mode =18.4
Year Sales (in $1000s) Gross Profit (in $1000s) Net Profit (in
$1000s)
2021 150 70 20
2022 180 85 30
2023 160 80 27
2024 220 110 50
250
multiple bar graph Sales
200 Gross profit
Net profit
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4
400 component bar graph
Sales
350 Gross
profit
300 Net profit
220
250
200 180
160
150
150
100 110
85 80
50 70
30 27 50
0 20
1 2 3 4
