Notes

Assignments
4.14, 4.25, 4.31, 4.33, 4.35

Tutorial problems
 Basic Problems wish Answers 4.10, 4.16
 Basic Problems 4.26, 4.30

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 2

Mid-term examination

 Time: Nov. 17 (Sunday) 7:00-9:00 pm

 Venue: TBA
 Coverage: Chapters 1-4
 Cheat sheets: Not allowed (a formula table will
be provided alongside the exam paper)
 Exam language: English
 Final examination: 40% for Chapters 1-4

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 Chapter 4
The Continuous-Time Fourier
Transform

(cont.)

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

Review 9

So, on the derivation of FT ...

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

Review 10

The CT Fourier Transform Pair

Fourier Transform

Inverse Fourier Transform

F
 11

CT Fourier Transform Pair

CT Fourier Series Pair

Harmonically related

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 12
With CTFT, now the frequency response of an
LTI system makes complete sense

Impulse response F Frequency response

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

Review 13

CT Fourier Transforms of Periodic Signals

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

Review 14

Fourier Transform for Periodic Signals –

Unified Framework

T ①
FS

②
Review 15

CTFT Properties (cont.)

6) Duality

1, | t |< T1 2sin ωT1

X 1 ( jω) =
x1 (t ) =  ω
0, | t |> T1

1, | ω |< W
sin Wt X 2 ( jω) =
x2 (t ) = 0, | ω |> W
πt
Review 16

inverse
relationship
between signal
“width” in
time/frequency
domains
 17
x ( t ) ←
→ X ( jω )
CTFT Properties (cont.)
- Time reversal

- Conjugate Symmetry

& odd
 18
Table 4.2
Basic Fourier Transform Pairs

1
e− at u (t ) ←→
a + jω
1
te− at u (t ) ←→
(a + jω ) 2
 19

4.3 function
Example 4.3 Impulse
Problem 4.15 20

 Let x(t) be a signal with Fourier transform X ( jω ) .

Suppose we are given the following facts:
x(t) is real
x(t)=0 for t ≤ 0
1 ∞
∫ Re{ X ( jω )}e jωt dω =| t | e −|t|
2π −∞

Determine a closed-form expression for x(t).

x(t ) + x(−t )
Since x(t) is real, Re{ X ( jω )} ←→ Ev{x(t )} =
2
Also, we have Re{ X ( jω )} ←→ | t | e −|t|

x(t ) + x(−t )
= | t | e −|t|
Ev{x(t )}
=
2
From 2), we have x(-t)=0 for t ≥ 0, and= x(t ) 2 | t | e −|t| , t ≥ 0
So, x(t ) = 2te −t u (t )

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

Problem 4.24 (a) (a) 21

 Determine which, if any, of

the real signals in (a)-(f)
(b)
have Fourier transforms
that satisfy each of the
following condition: (c)
Re{ X ( jω )} = 0
(d)
Im{ X ( jω )} = 0
There exists a real a such
jaω
that e X ( jω ) is real
∞
(e)
∫−∞
∞
X ( jω )dω = 0

∫−∞
ω X ( jω )dω = 0 (f)
X ( jω ) is periodic
Fourier Transform Signals and Systems
 CTFT Properties 28

8) Convolution Property

→ X ( jω )
x ( t ) ←

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 29

The Frequency Response Revisited

1 ∞ 1 ∞
y (t ) =
2π ∫−∞ ∫
jωt
= Y ( jω ) e d ω 2π H ( jω0 )δ (ω − ω0 )e jωt dω
2π −∞

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 30
Frequency Response Examples
Example 4.16
 31
Example 4.18

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

32
 33
Example 4.20
34
 35

Example 4.19

部分分式展开

a=1 a=2
 36
CTFT Properties
9) Multiplication Property
 37
Examples of the Multiplication Property:
Modulation Property
Frequency shift

e jω0t
x (t ) ←

F
→ X ( j (ω − ω0 ))

Example 4.21
 (cont.)

p(t)

s(t)

r(t)

ironbark.xtelco.com.au
Fourier Transform Signals and Systems
 39

(cont.)
ω1 : bandwidth

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 40

Frequency-Selective Filtering with

Variable Center Frequency
allows selection of any frequency band by tuning the
center frequency ωc

① ② ③

Fourier Transform Signals and Systems

 41

③
 42
Table 4.1
Properties of the
Fourier Transform
43
Problem 4.34 44

 A causal and stable LTI system S has the frequency response

jω + 4
H ( jω ) =
6 − ω 2 + 5 jω
Determine a differential equation relating the input x(t) and output y(t) of S
Determine the impulse response h(t) of S
=
What is the output of S when the input is x(t ) e−4t u (t ) − te−4t u (t )
②
① Y ( jω ) jω + 4 jω + 4 A B 2 1
= H= ( jω ) H ( jω ) = = − = −
X ( jω ) 6 − ω 2 + 5 jω (2 + jω )(3 + jω ) 2 + jω 3 + jω 2 + jω 3 + jω
1
 e− at u (t ) ←→ (t ) 2e −2t u (t ) − e −3t u (t )
∴ h=
Y ( jω ) ⋅ (6 − ω 2 + 5 j=
ω ) X ( jω ) ⋅ ( jω + 4) a + jω
1
③  te− at u (t ) ←→
d 2 y (t ) dy (t ) dx(t ) (a + jω ) 2
+5 + 6 y (t ) = + 4 x(t ) 1 1
dt 2
dt dt ∴ X ( jω ) = −
4 + jω (4 + jω )2
1 A B
∴Y ( jω ) = H ( jω ) ⋅ X ( jω ) = = −
Fourier Transform Signals and Systems (4 + jω )(2 + jω ) 4 + jω 2 + jω