Roll No:_________________, Lab Group No.
:__________, Name_________________
EXPERIMENT No.: 7
Measurement of capacitance and dissipation factor using
Schering bridge
Aim: To measure the Capacitance and Dissipation factor of the given capacitor using Schering bridge.
List the apparatus used with their ranges/specifications:
S.No. Name of the Apparatus Range Type Quantity
Circuit Diagram:
R1,R2:Decade resistance boxes;
C2: Known Capacitor (0.001uF)
Cs: Standard Capacitor (0.01uF)
Cx, rxs: Unknown parameters of
Capacitor Under Test (C.U.T).
PROCEDURE:
(a) Study the circuit diagram along with the connections made physically.
(b) Set the signal generator to sine-wave and 1kHz frequency, keeping the amplitude output
at zero level and all decade knobs in zero position.
(c) Set the unknown capacitance to Cx to the desired value.
(d) Set decade resistance R1 to certain value (Say 1kΩ).
(e) Set the output voltage of the signal generator to around 3 V.
(f) Vary R2 to obtain minimum potential difference between B and D using the digital
voltmeter of high resolution or by minimum sound in the speaker.
(g) Note down the values of R2.
(h) Compute capacitance and Dissipation factor (D=tanδ) of the capacitor for 3 different sets
of R1.
(i) Repeat the procedure to two other unknown capacitance Cx.
Note: Students may even note the readings of voltmeter during each step of adjustments under
(f) for better understanding.
TABULATION:
Sl. No. R1 R2 C2 Cx =Cs*(R2/R1) Rxs=R1*(C2/Cs) D=ωCxRxs
(Ω) (Ω) (µF) (µF) (Ω)
1
RESULT/ SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
CONCLUSION(S):
Roll No:_________________, Lab Group No.:__________, Name_________________
EXPERIMENT No.: 8
Measurement of conductor resistance using 4-wire method
AIM: To measure the conductor resistance of the copper wire in accordance with IS 10810(Part
5) as mentioned in IS 694 (Conductor resistance test; by 4 wire method) and compare the results
with those of the standards.
List the apparatus used with their ranges/specifications:
S.No. Name of the Apparatus Range Type Quantity
CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS:
PROCEDURE:
(a) Choose appropriate length of the cable (≥ 5 m) with cross sectional area of 1.5mm 2,
2.5mm2and 4 mm2.
(b) Pass a known constant current through the series combination of standard resistance and
sample under test.
(c) Measure the current.
(d) Measure the voltage drop across the potential terminals (P1, P2) of the sample cable using
DMM.
(e) Calculate the conductor resistance and compare with the values given in the appropriate
IS standard.
Note: Students can estimate the error in the measured conductor resistance reading using the
accuracies of the quantities involved.
TABULATION:
Sl. No. VRstd I= VRstd/Rstd Vsample Rsample= Rsample/km Rsample/km IS 8130
Vsample/I Specified
(V) (A) (V) (Ω/km) (Ω/km) value
(Ω)
@ @ (for
ambient 20° C ** comparison)
Sample of 1.0 mm2
(set 1A)
(set 2A)
(set 2.5A)
Sample of 2.5 mm2
(set 1A)
(set 2A)
3
(set 2.5A)
Sample of 4 mm2
(set 1A)
(set 2A)
(set 2.5A)
** The temperature correction factor corresponding to the ambient temperature can be noted
from the standard IS: 10810(Part 5)
RESULT/ SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:
CONCLUSION(S):
Roll No:_________________, Lab Group No.:__________, Name_________________
EXPERIMENT No.: 9
Measurement of unknown Self-Inductance using Anderson’s Bridge
Aim: To measure unknown self-inductance using Anderson’s Bridge.
Apparatus Required:
1. ANDERSON’s BRIDGE TRAINER.
2. One Low Resistance headphone
3. One Digital oscilloscope
Theory:
Anderson 's Bridge is the modification of the Maxwell's inductance-capacitance bridge. In
Anderson 's bridge a standard variable capacitor is used for the measurement of self-inductance.
A main advantage of this method is that it can be used for the wide range of self-inductance
measurement.
FORMULAE USED: L=CR(Q+2r)
Circuit Diagram:
Fig. 1 Experimental Setup
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the connection diagram shown in figure above.
2. Keep r, S in minimum position.
3. Note down the ratio resistances P Q and r.
4. Set the unknown self inductance to Lx to the desired value
5. Set the value of variable capacitance C according to our requirement.
6. Now slowly vary resistance S to some extent (above 10K ohm is suggested) so that the
sound is less in the headphone.
7. Now vary resistance r to some extent.
8. Repeat the steps 6 and 7 such that the minimum amplitude or zero amplitude is obtained.
9. Find the value of resistance using the multimeter and note down the reading in the table
given and calculate the value of unknown self-inductance.
10.Connect the bridge output to the input of an audio power amplifier to hear whether there
is any noise at all, which will indicate that the circuit is balanced. You can hear the
maximum noise by altering the potentiometer S.
11.Connect head phone/Oscilloscope for detection of noise.
Observation table:
Sl. No. C (µF) r ( KΩ) Inductance
(mH)
1
2
3
4
Results/Sample calculations:
Conclusions:
