Ted University
Department of Computer
Engineering
Project Specifications Report
Group members: Berke Gündüz, Yılmaz Yamaç Urkan, Mert Çağlar Sanal
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gökçe Nur Yılmaz
Jury Members:
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 DESCRIPTION
1.2 CONSTRAINTS
1.2.1 Economic Constraints
1.2.2 Ethical Constraints
1.2.3 Implementation Constraints
1.2.4 Sustainability Constraints
1.3 PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES
1.3.1 Data Protection In Management And Use
1.3.2 Professional Obligation and Integrity
1.3.3 Utilization of Resources in a Fair Manner Have
Practicality in Implementing the Concepts
2. Requirements
2.1 Functional Requirements
2.1.1 Sensors connected to IOT
2.1.2 Notification System
2.1.3 Dashboard Interface
2.1.4 Mapping Functionalities
2.1.5 Data Analytics
2.2 Non-Functional Requirements
2.2.1 Performance
2.2.2 Reliability
2.2.3 Usability
2.2.4 Security
2.2.5 Maintainability
2.2.6 Environmental Sustainability
3. References
1.INTRODUCTION
The CleanStreet project is an improvement in how urban waste management is
handled. This has detailed strategies and methodologies that make use of smart
technology and designs. Part of the processes of the project involves fitting trash
cans with intelligent sensors that are designed to monitor the trash can fill levels. The
system also allows sending alerts to the waste collection team when bins are almost
filled up, thereby enabling strategizing collection routes to reduce wasteful journeys.
The objectives of this approach are to manage hygiene problems within cities,
minimize the negative effect of collection services on the environment, and improve
waste collection service delivery.
The problem of waste management has become an increasing concern in many
cities globally, more so in densely populated areas. Waste-filled bins constitute health
risks as well as compromise the beauty of a city and its comfort. CleanStreet takes a
more aggressive approach by allowing for real-time monitoring and encouraging
information-based decision making which lowers efficiency and environmental
problems at the same time. The project is in line with sustainability objectives by
decreasing emissions from collection vehicles, as optimized collection routes cut
down on the use of fuel as well as carbon emissions.
This project specification report details the main requirements, constraints, and
ethical issues regarding the project, thereby creating a thorough blueprint of the
CleanStreet project. It also entails the professional and ethical responsibilities
associated with the project in question, such as ethics associated with the protection
of individual users against abusive data practices. Driven by the Internet of Things
(IoT) and CleanStreet user mobile application, the startup seeks to improve waste
management in contemporary cities for cleaner and greener urban setups.
1.1 Description
The vision of the CleanStreet project is to develop an all-in-one smart waste
management solution powered by the trendiest Internet of Things (IoT) technology.
For this purpose, sensors will be used to monitor the waste in urban areas in real-
time. All these modern sensors are embedded into waste containers measure the
quantity of trash in each container and send current fill levels to a system application
in real time.
The mapping interface is a more advanced and interesting component of this
system. A map of the area with trash bins fitted with sensors would be made
available to the waste collection teams showing the respective bin and its fill level.
With this map-oriented technique, the collection teams will be able to take the order
of the routing collections filled with nearer-to-full wet waste bins first thereby
optimizing the collection process. When filling levels of the waste bins are about to
reach their limits, effectively, the waste management agency is constantly aware of
this automated alert system, capable of sending out messages instantly. Hence, a
quick reaction is possible as such an alert system enables the waste collection
service to make changes to its operational schedule in line with how services are
required, instead of having strict collection times.
Owing to this mapping capability, improvement in collection schedules by
municipalities will result in the minimization of overflow incidents, thus improving
urban sanitation and public health. Overflowing refuse containers spill over to the
streets which are off–putting but also brings about pests and other safety concerns
thereby efficient waste collection is imperative for such cleanliness within the
community.
Additionally, the CleanStreet solution is truly innovative from the viewpoint of
the development structure. Since the preventive attitude to avoid unnecessary
collection trips leads to an overall reduction in operations of waste collection trucks,
the system takes a step ahead in the goals of urban management which is combating
excess greenhouse gas emissions. This optimization also helps in minimizing the use
of fuel costs for the city and its waste management services.
In addition, the project aims to enhance the educational component and the
involvement of the local communities. Thanks to a simple interface and a mobile
application, local residents will be informed about the waste collection stills,
and alerts on the full bins, as well as be able to report issues such as damaged bins
or an area encumbered with rubbish. Such type of information makes people feel
responsible for helping to keep their environment clean and motivates them to take
part.
As for the expected outcomes, the project CleanStreet is expected to
significantly cut down the operational costs incurred by local authorities, increase the
productivity of waste collection services, and improve the living standards of the
people by ensuring clean streets and minimizing littering. Advanced techniques and
active involvement of communities are important components of the project as it
desires not only the enhancement of waste management systems but also a change
in the mindset of the urban populace towards sustainable and responsible living.
CleanStreet aims at revolutionizing waste management in cities to be modern,
and clean and deliver better living conditions for all citizens.
1.2 Constraints
The CleanStreet project is subject to a host of constraints that will affect its
design, implementation, and performance as a whole. These constraints comprise:
1.2.1 Economic Constraints
Effective utilization of the CleanStreet system will demand the allocation of
funds geared towards the acquisition and installation of Internet of Things (IoT)
sensors in trash cans and the application development.
There will also be recurrent costs which will include data management, system
upgrades, waste management team support, and customer services.
The project may seek financial assistance from specific activities e.g.
municipal budgets, grants, or public-private work in order to facilitate early-
stage investments.
1.2.2 Ethical Constraints
The project will follow the above-mentioned ethical principles as set by the
concerned agencies and or organizations to ensure the responsible handling
and protection of data and privacy.
End-users will be involved or suitable or appropriate participatory or in the
research project while collecting data on the positioning and fill levels of the
waste bins. This information will be used to adjust the collection rounds to
minimize operation costs.
Participants will also be made aware of the ongoing data collection and its
objective
Any data collected in the course of the study will not be available to a third
party without prior approval from the subject and efforts to depersonalize the
subject's data will be implemented whenever feasible.
1.2.3 Implementation Constraints
The CleanStreet application will be designed as a web application that can be
accessed easily from either a desktop or a mobile device enabling the waste
management teams to work without limitations.
The queried services provided by OpenStreetMap API will be utilized
To manage the versions and to enable collaboration over the software
development process, GitHub will be employed
The project will look forward to using cloud services for storage and
processing of data for efficient scaling and reliability.
The IoT sensors will be engineered to cope with environmental stress factors
so that they can be used for an extended period of time.
1.2.4 Sustainability Constraints
When undertaking this project, priority will be given to sustainable practices,
by putting emphasis on reducing unnecessary collection trips of waste so as to
reduce the carbon emissions as a result of waste management activities.
The sensors and application will be designed to be energy efficient, making
use of low-power technology as much as possible.
The general approach taken will also promote the habit of recycling and
appropriate waste disposal amongst users so as to instill sustainability in the
society within urban flux.
The application will utilize the OpenStreetMap API in order to render its
service.
1.3 Professional and Ethical Issues
The CleanStreet initiative, although beneficial in promoting urban cleanliness and
environmental concern, comes with social and moral dilemmas that have to be
addressed properly. Here are the major concerns
1.3.1 Data Protection In Management And Use
Collecting and Safeguarding Citizen Data: The CleanStreet project's internet-
based sensors will be in charge of keeping an eye on the rubbish location, waste
level threshold, and other environmental aspects that need to be taken into
consideration. Even though this information appears harmless, there is a chance that
it could be misunderstood or obtained by unauthorized individuals. Therefore,
CleanStreet should implement efficient data privacy measures to prevent misuse and
guarantee that only those in positions of authority have access to and utilize this
data.
IoT-enabled systems, such as sensors, are vulnerable to hacking and consequent
infiltration due to denial of service attacks. Strong encryption mechanisms should
therefore be implemented, together with regular system maintenance and upgrades,
to guarantee that CleanStreet does not suffer as a result of any such DDoS attacks.
Such circumstances, such as data loss or hacking, may cause people to lose trust in
the systems and impede waste management procedures.
1.3.2 Professional Obligation and Integrity
Gathering and Protecting Citizen Data: The internet-based sensors of the
CleanStreet project will be responsible for monitoring the location of trash, the waste
level threshold, and other environmental factors that must be taken into account.
Although this information seems innocuous, there is a possibility that it could be
misinterpreted or acquired by unauthorized parties. To avoid abuse and ensure that
only people in positions of authority can access and use this data, CleanStreet
should put effective data privacy protections in place.
IoT-enabled systems, like sensors, are susceptible to denial-of-service assaults,
which can lead to hacking and subsequent infiltration. Therefore, to ensure that
CleanStreet is not harmed by any such DDoS attacks, strong encryption methods
should be put in place along with routine system maintenance and upgrades. Events
like data loss or hacking can undermine waste management processes and make
people lose faith in the systems.
1.3.3 Utilization of Resources in a Fair Manner Have Practicality in
Implementing the Concepts
Here, the word "luminous"—which means to brighten or tend to brighten—is
used to describe the efficacy of sustainable waste management. It will highlight areas
that are overcrowded and devoid of landfills or incinerators.
2. Requirements
2.1 Functional Requirements
2.1.1 Sensors connected to IOT
Integrate the smart sensors in every garbage bin, which will effectively monitor
the fill levels, usage behaviour and other metrics associated with the bins as well as
overflowing cases.
Create an effective infrastructural connection between the devices and the
main control unit in order to communicate the fill level and locations in real time.
System fill level sensors measure and record every operational day, including
average rates of fill at sequential parts of the operational day which will later be
processed in analytics.
Most of these sensors can be equipped with built in self diagnosis modules
that allow personnel to receive instant alerts to any operational status deviations,
hence enhancing reliability of the entire system.
2.1.2 Notification System
The application will send alerts to the users once the waste bins have filled up
to a given percentage (for example 80%) hence enabling quick action by the waste
management officers.
Make it possible to change notifications in order of the importance of the risk,
such as their need for addressing various locations with different priorities.
Enable different means of notifications to be embraced such as through mobile
application, SMS, or emails in order to reach field teams and senior managers as
well.
2.1.3 Dashboard Interface
The dashboard aims to have an uncomplicated design such that it will be easy
to indicate the fill status for each bin visually (for instance using colors).
There will be a screen provided with a map showing where the bins are
located, the levels of fill for these bins and other services such as collection points
and the maintenance of these bins.
In addition to this, it will also explain users filling certain areas over certain
time periods and historical information on fill up and collection frequencies will be
presented as well.
The system will incorporate various user roles (for example admin, staff
dealing with waste collection, etc.) and will enable access to the features according to
the duties of each role.
2.1.4 Mapping Functionalities
Integrate a GPS mapping system to display the actual geographical location
for all the bins provided in the system and availing the waste collection teams an
accurate position of the bins.
Create a system that would suggest the most optimum routes for the waste
collection basing on how full the bins are, the traffic or distance between bins and
minimize fuel and time and based on rights and available geographical regions.
Enable teams to adjust or change the routes assigned to them irrespective of
the geographical positions of the bins because of bad weather, emergencies, road
works or special waste management requirements.
2.1.5 Data Analytics
The system will capture and analyze data on fill levels over time in order to
establish trends in the generation of waste and assist in planning effective collection
regimes.
There will be an analysis of fill-level trends on the network in relation to actual
waste levels recorded by IoT devices.Waste levels will determine the optimal
strategies for collection and the optimal resources to be deployed at different times in
the day.
In addition to this, there will be an option to create predefined configurable
reports on the monitoring of key performance indicators.
2.2 Non-Functional Requirements
2.2.1 Performance
Real-time Data Processing: Any data from the IoT sensors has to be
processed and reported back to the user in real time. It implies a low latency in
reporting and notifications on the fill levels.
Scalability: The system design should be of the architecture which would not
only allow the existing level of instruments but additional trash bins and sensors to
cover wider area without impaired functionality.
Response Time: Timely notifications and updates would be sent to the users
in a given period of time as expected (e.g.: 5 seconds after the designated fill level is
reached).
2.2.2 Reliability
System Availability: The system should be designed for a very high availability
due to the nature of the monitoring, targeted at 99.9% to allow for continuous
monitoring and notifications.
Fault Tolerance: The system must withstand failures , as Alexa will still collect
data from the IoT sensors database even when there are temporary disconnections
or outages.
Data Integrity: Systems should be implemented to avoid errors in the data sent
from the sensors to the main center.
2.2.3 Usability
The interface has to be easy to use. The main pages of both dashboard and
mobile applications should be self-explanatory and containing as less information as
possible so that all important features are reachable in no time.
Compliance to accessibility standards is also a requirement for the system in
order to make it usable to any individual even those with disabilities.
2.2.4 Security
Identity Verification: The solution should have a mechanism of authentication
of users, which will ensure that access to the dashboard and data will only be given
to appropriate individuals.
Anomaly Monitoring: The system should be able to provide sufficient tools
such as alarm for every occurrence that can be considered questionable towards
activities of the system managers.
2.2.5 Maintainability
Component-based Software Engineering: The system design should be
component-based so that parts can be deployed, updated or maintained with
minimum disruption to the other.
User Training: All system chapters, interfaces, and application programming
interfaces will undergo preparation of materials for the purpose of trainings of future
users of the systems, as well as in facilitating maintenance of the systems.
2.2.6 Environmental Sustainability
Reduction of Carbon Footprint: The system must play an active role in
supporting the reduction of songa system carbon footprint by managing waste
collection vehicle by organizing the collection paths and schedules to avoid wastage
of fuel.
Energy Optimization: IoT sensors should be designed in a way that they use
minimal energy, bearing in mind the availability of green energy so as to reduce the
effects on the environment.
Environmental Awareness: The system will embrace an option for waste
management where the construction of roads and infrastructure will not compromise
pollution.
3.REFERENCES
[1] Software Engineering Code of Ethics, IEEE Computer Society, 1999.
https://www.computer.org/education/what-is-a-software-engineer/software-
engineering-code-of-ethics. Accessed: 2024-10-25.
