Conjunctions
1. Definisi
Conjunctions are words or groups of words used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or
sentences. Conjunctions play an important role in making sentences more effective and
structured.
2. Fungsi Conjunction
1. Menggabungkan kata-kata:
o Apples and oranges are healthy.
2. Menggabungkan frasa:
o She enjoys hiking and swimming.
3. Menghubungkan klausa:
o I will go out if it stops raining.
2. Jenis-Jenis Conjunction
a. Coordinating Conjunctions
Conjunction ini digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua elemen yang setara dalam
kalimat (kata, frasa, atau klausa).
Tip: Gunakan akronim FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So).
Contoh: FANBOYS
• For (karena)
• And (dan)
• Nor (juga tidak)
• But (tetapi)
• Or (atau)
• Yet (namun)
• So (jadi)
Contoh Kalimat:
Conjunction Makna Contoh Kalimat
For Karena He couldn’t join us, for he was busy with work.
And Dan I enjoy reading and writing.
Conjunction Makna Contoh Kalimat
Nor Juga tidak She doesn’t like tea, nor does she enjoy coffee.
But Tetapi I wanted to buy the dress, but it was too expensive.
Or Atau Would you like coffee or tea?
Yet Namun It was raining heavily, yet they continued the game.
So Jadi She studied hard, so she passed the exam.
b. Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunction ini menghubungkan klausa utama (independent clause) dengan klausa
pendukung (dependent clause).
Contoh:
• After (setelah)
• Although (meskipun)
• Because (karena)
• Before (sebelum)
• If (jika)
• While (sementara)
• Since (sejak, karena)
• Though (meskipun)
• Unless
• While
Conjunction Makna Contoh Kalimat
After Setelah I will call you after I finish my homework.
Although Meskipun Although it was late, she continued working.
Because Karena He didn’t attend the meeting because he was sick.
Before Sebelum She left the room before I could talk to her.
If Jika If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
Since Karena/Selama Since she moved here, we’ve become good friends.
Though Meskipun She went out, though she was feeling tired.
Unless Kecuali jika You won’t pass the test unless you study hard.
While Sementara I was reading a book while she was watching TV.
c. Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunction ini digunakan dalam pasangan (pairs) untuk menghubungkan elemen yang
setara.
Conjunction Makna Contoh Kalimat
Either...or Salah satu You can either come with us or stay at home.
Neither the teacher nor the students knew
Neither...nor Tidak...dan tidak
about the announcement.
Both my brother and my sister are coming to
Both...and Baik...dan
the party.
Not only...but Tidak hanya...tetapi She is not only talented but also
also juga hardworking.
I’m not sure whether we should go to the
Whether...or Apakah...atau
beach or stay at home.
d. Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunction ini digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa independen dan sering
diikuti oleh tanda koma.
Conjunction Makna Contoh Kalimat
She wanted to join us. However, she had an urgent
However Namun
meeting.
Oleh karena The roads were closed. Therefore, we had to take a
Therefore
itu different route.
He is an excellent musician. Moreover, he is also a
Moreover Selain itu
talented writer.
Namun
Nevertheless It was raining. Nevertheless, we decided to go hiking.
demikian
She was preparing dinner. Meanwhile, the children
Meanwhile Sementara itu
were playing outside.
He didn’t study well. Consequently, he failed the
Consequently Akibatnya
exam.
3. Examples in Paragraph
Coordinating Conjunctions:
• I love reading novels, and I enjoy watching movies, but I don’t like horror
stories.
Subordinating Conjunctions:
• Because it was raining, we stayed inside the house. Although the weather
improved later, we decided not to go out.
Correlative Conjunctions:
• Not only does she excel in academics, but also she participates actively in
sports.
LKPD
A. Multiple Choice
Choose the most appropriate answer!
1. She wanted to buy the dress, ______ it was too expensive.
a. and b. because c. but d. or
2. I will stay home ______ it starts to snow.
a. because b. and c. if d. but
3. You can ______ stay here or go to the library.
a. neither b. either c. both d. not only
4. He was tired, ______ he kept working late into the night.
a. so b. but c. or d. for
5. ______ it was raining, we decided to cancel the picnic.
a. Although b. Since c. Because d. However
B. True or False
Determine whether the following statements are true or false!
1. Neither...nor is used to express a choice between two things.
2. Because is an example of a subordinating conjunction that shows a cause.
3. Coordinating conjunctions are only used to connect two clauses.
4. Not only...but also is often used to add positive information.
5. Conjunction although shows a cause-effect relationship.
C. Short Answer
Answer the following questions briefly!
1. Mention three examples of subordinating conjunctions that show time!
2. What is the function of correlative conjunctions?
3. Give an example of a sentence using either...or.
4. Explain the difference between and and but in a sentence.
5. Write one example of a sentence using the conjunction because.
D. Essay
Answer the following questions with a more in-depth explanation!
1. Explain with examples how coordinating conjunctions differ from subordinating
conjunctions.
2. Write a short paragraph (5-7 sentences) about your daily activities, using at least
5 different conjunctions.
3. What are the impacts of using inappropriate conjunctions in a sentence or
paragraph? Explain with examples.
4. Create a short dialogue between two people who use the conjunctions and, but,
and because correctly.
