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Artificial Intelligence
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Artificial Intelligence
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the
branch of computer science.
man-made
l Intelligent machines that can behave
Artificia
Intelligen like a human, think like humans, and
ce
thinking power or
“the ability to learn able to make decisions.
and solve Intelligence is the ability to acquire
problems.”
and apply knowledge.
Knowledge is the information
acquired through experience.
Artificial Intelligence means "a man-made thinking power.“
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Artificial Intelligence
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Artificial Intelligence has human-based skills such as:
learning
Reasoning
solving problems
With artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a
machine to do some work, despite that you can create a
machine with programmed algorithms that can work with
own intelligence.
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Artificial Intelligence
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Intelligence is composed of:-
Reasoning
Learning
Problem Solving
Perception
Linguistic Intelligence
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Artificial Intelligence
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can perceive its environment through sensors
Agent acts upon that environment through effectors.
An AI system is be able to set goals and achieve them.
composed of:
the surroundings of the agent
Environment
Gives inputs to and receives outputs from
the agents
Machine perception is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras, microphones, sensors, etc.) to deduce
aspects of the world. e.g., Computer Vision.
proving mathematical theorems
High-profile examples of AI include
playing games (such as Chess or Go)
autonomous vehicles (such as drones and self-
search engines (such as Google Search)
driving cars),
online assistants (such as Siri)
medical diagnosis,
image recognition in photographs
creating art (such as poetry),
spam filtering, prediction of judicial decisions, and
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targeting online advertisements.
Need for Artificial Intelligence
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1. To create expert systems of can learn, demonstrate, explain,
and advise their users.
2. Helping machines find solutions to complex problems like
humans do and applying them as algorithms in a computer-
friendly manner.,
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Creating some system that can exhibit
intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself,
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demonstrate, explain, and advise its user. 05 01 Replicate human
intelligence
Goals of Artificial
Intelligence
02 Solve Knowledge-
intensive tasks
Building a machine that can perform
04
tasks that require human intelligence
Playing chess
Plan some surgical operation
03 An intelligent connection
of perception and action
Driving a car in traffic
Proving a theorem
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What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
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Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
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Useful for risky areas
High Accuracy with fewer
errors situations such as defusing a
bomb, or exploring the ocean
Make decisions as per pre-
floor, where to employ a human
experience or information.
can be risky.
High-Speed Digital Assistant
very high speed and fast providing digital assistants to
decision-making users
E.g. show the products as per
customer requirements.
High reliability Useful as a public utility
perform the same action self-driving cars
multiple times with high google translate
accuracy.
spelling checkers
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Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
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Increase dependence on machines
1 High Cost
Requires lots of
maintenance to meet
4 Leads to losing
mental capabilities
current world
requirements.
2 Can't think out of the box
Do the work for which they
are trained, or programmed.
5 No Original Creativity
Cannot be creative
and imaginative.
3
No feelings and emotions
Cannot make any kind of emotional
attachment with humans
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READING ASSIGNMENT
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Levels of AI Rule-Based Systems
The most common uses of AI today.
Knowledge is encoded in the form of facts, goals,
12 and rules.
Applies human-made rules to store, sort, and
01
manipulate data.
Uses if … then approach.
Context Awareness and
Retention
The specific domain they are being
applied in.
They are trained on the knowledge and
02
experience of the best humans.
Knowledge base can be updated as new
situations and queries arise. Domain-Specific Expertise
03
E.g. chatbots and “rob advisors”. beyond the capability of humans.
build up expertise in a specific context taking in
Reasoning Machines massive volumes of information which they can
ability to attribute mental states to use for decision making. E.g. cancer diagnosis
themselves and others and Google Deepmind’s AlphaGo.
sense of beliefs, intentions,
knowledge, and how their own logic 04
works.
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still under
08:04 development
AM Artificial Intelligence
Levels of AI Self Aware Systems / Artificial
General Intelligence (AGI)
have human-like intelligence
13 the most commonly portrayed AI in media
no such use is in evidence today.
05 believe it could be realized already from 2024.
Artificial Superintelligence
(ASI)
can outsmart even the most intelligent
humans in every domain.
solving problems we have failed to so far
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such as world hunger and dangerous
environmental change. Singularity and Transcendence
Views vary as to when and can be realized Human augmentation (the application of science
by 2029. and technologies to temporarily or permanently
improve human performance)
07 could connect our brains to a future successor
of the current internet
creating a “hive mind” that shares ideas
solve problems collectively
give others access to our dreams as observers
or participants.
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Types of AI
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Based on Capabilities( Type 1) Based on Functionality( Type 2)
Narrow General Strong Limited Theory Self-
Reactive
AI AI AI Memory of Mind Awareness
Machines
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Based on capabilities
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Narrow or Weak AI General AI Strong (Super) AI
perform a dedicated task with in- performs any intellectual task with can perform any task better than a
telligence. efficiency like a human. human with cognitive properties.
The most common and currently Currently, there is no such system General wisdom, problem-solving,
available AI. exists. and creativity.
cannot perform beyond its field or It may arrive within the next 20 Some key characteristics of strong
it will take lots of effort and time to AI capability include the ability to:
limitations.
it is only trained for one specific develop such systems. think
task. Hence it is also termed as reason
weak AI. solve puzzles
E.g. Apple Siri, Google translate, make judgments
playing chess, purchasing sugges- plan
tions on e-commerce sites, self- learn
driving cars, speech recognition, communicate on its own.
and image recognition.
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Based on Functionality
store past experiences or some data for a
16 short period.
the most basic types of AI.
E.g. Self-driving
do not store memories or past
These cars can store:
experiences for future actions. the recent speed of nearby cars,
only focus on current scenarios and react
the distance of other cars,
to them as per the possible best action. speed limits, and other information
E.g. IBM’s Deep Blue system, Google’s
to navigate the road.
AlphaGo
Reactive
Machines Limited Memory
Theory of Mind AI should understand
human emotions
Theory of Mind
people Self-Awareness
Beliefs the future of Artificial Intelligence.
be able to interact socially like humans. super intelligent
still not developed will have their:
consciousness
Sentiments
self-awareness.
smarter than the human mind.
does not exist in reality still
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How humans think
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Observe and input the
1 information or data in the brain.
Interpret and evaluate the input
2 that is received from the
surrounding environment.
Make decisions as a reaction towards what
3 you received as input and interpreted and
evaluated.
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Mapping human thinking to artificial intelligence components
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Human AI
acquire information perceives information
through human senses through sensing
01 E.g. sight, hearing, E.g. voice recognition, 01
smell, taste, and touch visual imaging recognition
Represented by the
interpreting and
02 evaluating the input
interpretation layer.
reasoning and thinking
02
data.
about the gathered input
taking action or The interacting layer
making decisions. performs the necessary tasks.
03 E.g. Robotic movement 03
control
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Influencers of artificial intelligence
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Big data Cloud computing and APIs
01 Structured 03 the delivery of on-demand
data versus
unstructured data services.
requires innovative forms of These services might be:
information processing to draw: data analysis,
insights social media,
automate processes, and video storage,
help decision-making. e-commerce, and AI
capabilities.
APIs enable software components
to communicate with each other
Computer processing easily.
The emergence of data
02 speed and new chip 04 science
architectures extract knowledge or insights from
Enable Access and work with data in various forms.
massive sets of data. uses machine learning and AI to
contribute to the rapid evolution process big data.
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Applications of AI
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AI in Finance and E-commerce
AI in agriculture
AI is helping shoppers discover
Agriculture is applying AI in agriculture
associated products with recommended size,
robotics, solid and crop monitoring, color, or even brand.
and predictive analysis.
AI in Healthcare AI in Gaming
make a better and faster play strategic games like chess,
diagnosis than humans. where the machine needs to think
of a large number of possible
places.
AI in education AI in Data Security
can be work as a personal virtual tutor make your data more safe and secure.
for students, which will be accessible E.g. AEG bot, AI2 Platform, are used to
easily at any time and any place. determine software bugs and cyber-
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Applications of AI
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AI in Social Media AI in Robotics
organize and manage massive amounts of data. Intelligent robots that can perform tasks
Analyze lots of data to identify the latest with their own experiences without pre-
trends, hashtags, and requirements of programmed.
different users.
AI in Travel &Transport AI in Entertainment
make travel arrangements to With the help of ML/AI algorithms,
suggest the hotels, flights, and these services show the
best routes to the customers. recommendations for programs or
shows.
AI in the Automotive Industry
Develop self-driven cars that can make
your journey more safe and secure.
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