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Power System Protection Lecture Notes

Power system protection involves detecting and isolating electrical faults to safeguard equipment and personnel while ensuring reliability. Key protective devices include fuses, which are one-time-use, circuit breakers that automatically interrupt current flow, and relays that signal circuit breakers to trip. Proper coordination among these devices is crucial for minimizing outages and protecting systems.

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13 views3 pages

Power System Protection Lecture Notes

Power system protection involves detecting and isolating electrical faults to safeguard equipment and personnel while ensuring reliability. Key protective devices include fuses, which are one-time-use, circuit breakers that automatically interrupt current flow, and relays that signal circuit breakers to trip. Proper coordination among these devices is crucial for minimizing outages and protecting systems.

Uploaded by

Vigneshwaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT-1

25.04.2025 Power System Protection- S.


VIGNESHWARAN Fuse, Circuit breakers, and Relays

EE23B1042
1. What is Power System Protection?

Power system protection is the practice of detecting, isolating, and clearing electrical faults in a power system

to prevent damage to equipment, ensure personnel safety, and maintain system reliability.

Objectives:

- Protect human life and property

- Minimize damage to equipment

- Ensure continuity of power supply

- Isolate only the faulty part of the system

- Restore service quickly after fault clearance

2. Fuses

Definition: A fuse is a one-time-use protective device that melts and breaks the circuit when the current

exceeds a certain level.

Construction: Thin metal wire or strip enclosed in a casing with a low melting point.

Working Principle: Excess current generates heat -> Fuse element melts -> Circuit breaks

Types: Cartridge, Rewirable, HRC (High Rupturing Capacity)

Pros: Simple, inexpensive, fast operation

Cons: Needs replacement, not for high

voltage
ASSIGNMENT-1
25.04.2025 Power System Protection- S.
VIGNESHWARAN Fuse, Circuit breakers, and Relays

EE23B1042
3. Circuit Breakers

Definition: A circuit breaker is an automatic switch that interrupts the current flow to protect a circuit from

overload or short-circuit conditions.

Working: Detects fault -> Opens contacts -> Circuit interrupted

Types: Air, Oil, SF6, Vacuum, Miniature Circuit Breakers

Advantages: Resettable, suitable for high voltages, interrupts heavy faults

4. Relays

Definition: A relay is a sensing device that detects abnormal conditions and signals the circuit breaker to trip.

Function: Monitors current/voltage/frequency -> Sends trip signal to breaker

Types: Electromagnetic, Thermal, Static, Digital, Differential, Distance

Role: Ensures selective tripping, works with circuit breakers

5. Coordination of Protection Devices

Proper coordination between fuses, relays, and circuit breakers is essential to:

- Minimize unnecessary outages

- Maintain stability

- Protect equipment and personnel


ASSIGNMENT-1
25.04.2025 Power System Protection- S.
VIGNESHWARAN Fuse, Circuit breakers, and Relays

EE23B1042
Summary

DEVICE FUNCTION RESETTABLE APPLICATION


LEVEL

FUSE Breaks circuit by No Low Voltage, Simple


Melting.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS Auto Opens circuit on Yes Medium/High Voltage


fault

RELAYS Senses fault and send trip Yes Works with Breakers
signals

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