1 (a) State the factors which completely describe a vector quantity.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) An aeroplane is flying towards the east in still air at 92 m / s. A wind starts to blow at
24 m / s towards the north.

Draw a vector diagram to find the resultant velocity of the aeroplane. Use a scale of
1.0 cm = 10 m / s.

resultant speed = ......................................................

angle between resultant and easterly direction = ......................................................

[5]

[Total: 6]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 (a) A stationary body is acted upon by a number of forces. State the two conditions which
must apply for the body to remain at rest.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a device used for compressing crushed material.

380 mm 120 mm

lever arm
plunger
20 N

cylinder

cross-sectional crushed material

F
area A

Fig. 3.1

The lever arm rotates about the hinge H at its right-hand end. A force of 20 N acts
downwards on the left-hand end of the lever arm. The force F of the crushed material on
the plunger acts upwards. Ignore the weight of the lever arm.

(i) Use the clockwise and anticlockwise moments about H to calculate the upward
force F which the crushed material exerts on the plunger. The distances are shown
on Fig. 3.1.

force F = ................................................. [3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) The cross-sectional area A of the plunger in contact with the crushed material is
0.0036 m2. Calculate the pressure exerted on the crushed material by the plunger.

=pressure ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Fig. 2.1 is a head-on view of an airliner flying at constant speed in a circular horizontal path.
The centre of the circle is to the left of the diagram.

Fig. 2.1

(a) On Fig. 2.1, draw the resultant force acting on the airliner. Explain your answer.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) The weight of the airliner is 1.20 × 106 N and there is an aerodynamic lift force of
1.39 × 106 N acting at 30° to the left of the vertical.

By drawing a scale vector diagram, or otherwise, show that the resultant of these two
forces is in the same direction as the resultant force you drew in (a).

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) The speed is constant as the airliner flies in this circular path.

State and explain what is happening to the velocity.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 Fig. 3.1 shows an aeroplane of mass 3.4 × 105 kg accelerating uniformly from rest along a
runway.

Fig. 3.1

After 26 s it reaches a speed of 65 m / s.

(a) Calculate

(i) the acceleration of the aeroplane,

acceleration = ................................................. [2]

(ii) the resultant force on the aeroplane.

force = ................................................. [2]

(b) Just after taking off, the aeroplane continues to accelerate as it gains height.

(i) State two forms of energy that increase during this time.

1. ..............................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State one form of energy that decreases during this time.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (iii) State why the total energy of the aeroplane decreases during this time.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) When the aeroplane reaches its maximum height, it starts to follow a curved path at a
constant speed.

State the direction of the resultant force on the aeroplane.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 (a) Complete the following statement:

The moment of a force about a point is ....................................................................................

multiplied by ..........................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a uniform iron bar B of weight 30 N and length 1.40 m. The bar is being used to
lift one edge of a concrete slab S. A stone, placed 0.20 m from one end of B, acts as a pivot.
A force of 40 N pushing down at the other end of B is just enough to lift the slab and hold it as
shown.

1.40 m

0.20 m force 40 N
concrete slab iron bar B
S
stone

Fig. 3.1

(i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow to show the weight of bar B acting from its centre of mass. [1]

(ii) State the distance d of the centre of mass of bar B from the pivot.

d = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) Calculate the total clockwise moment, about the pivot, of the forces acting on bar B.

total clockwise moment = ...........................................................[3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (iv) Calculate the downward force which the slab S exerts on the end of bar B.

force = ...........................................................[2]

(v) Suggest a change to the arrangement in Fig. 3.1 that would reduce the force required to
lift the slab.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 9]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 (a) State the two conditions required for the equilibrium of a body acted upon by a number of
forces.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a diagram of an arm with the hand holding a weight of 120 N.

2 cm

15 cm
20 N
120 N
33 cm

Fig. 3.1

The 20 N force is the weight of the forearm, acting at its centre of mass. F is the force in the
muscle of the upper arm. P is the point in the elbow about which the arm pivots. The distances
of the forces from point P are shown.

(i) By taking moments about point P, calculate the force F.

force F = ........................................................... [3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(ii) A force acts on the forearm at point P. Calculate this force and state its direction.

=force ...............................................................

direction = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 (a) (i) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) State one example of a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the top of a flagpole.

100 N 60°

Fig. 3.1

The flagpole is held vertical by two ropes. The first of these ropes has a tension in it of 100 N
and is at an angle of 60° to the flagpole. The other rope has a tension T, as shown.

The resultant force is down the pole and of magnitude 200 N.

In the space below, using a scale of 1 cm = 20 N, draw a scale drawing to find the value of the
tension T. Clearly label 100 N, 200 N and T on your drawing.

tension T = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Two students make the statements about acceleration that are given below.

Student A: For a given mass the acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant
force applied to the object.

Student B: For a given force the acceleration of an object is proportional to the mass of
the object.

(a) One statement is correct and one is incorrect.

Re-write the incorrect statement, making changes so that it is now correct.

For a given ..................... the acceleration of an object is ...............................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the equation which links acceleration a, resultant force F and mass m.

[1]

(c) Describe what happens to the motion of a moving object when

(i) there is no resultant force acting on it,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) a resultant force is applied to it in the opposite direction to the motion,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) a resultant force is applied to it in a perpendicular direction to the motion.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 Four students, A, B, C and D, each have a spring. They measure the lengths of their springs
when the springs are stretched by different loads.

Their results are shown in Fig. 2.1.

student A student B student C student D

load / N spring length / cm spring length / cm spring length / cm spring length / cm

0.5 6.7 9.2 9.1 10.0

1.0 7.7 10.0 9.9 11.1

1.5 8.7 10.8 10.7 12.2

2.0 9.7 11.6 11.5 13.3

2.5 10.7 12.6 12.3 14.4

3.0 11.7 13.8 13.1 15.5

3.5 12.7 15.2 13.9 16.6

4.0 13.7 16.8 14.7 17.7

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) State which student had loaded the spring beyond the limit of proportionality.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain how you obtained your answer to (a)(i).

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) For the spring used by student A, calculate

(i) the extra extension caused by each additional 0.5 N,

extra extension = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the unloaded length of the spring.

unloaded length = ................................................ [1]

(c) Student A obtains a second spring that is identical to his first spring. He hangs the two
springs side by side, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

identical
springs

load

Fig. 2.2

Use the table to calculate the length of each of the springs when a load of 2.5 N is hung
as shown in Fig. 2.2. Show your working.

=length ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 An object of weight W is suspended by two ropes from a beam, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

86.6 N
30°
50.0 N 60°

Fig. 1.1

The tensions in the ropes are 50.0 N and 86.6 N, as shown.

(a) In the space below, draw a scale diagram to find the resultant of the two tensions.

Use a scale of 1.0 cm = 10 N.

Clearly label the resultant. [3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) From your diagram, find the value of the resultant.

resultant = ......................................................... [1]

(c) State the direction in which the resultant is acting.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) State the value of W. W = ......................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

6 A car travels around a circular track at constant speed.

(a) Why is it incorrect to describe the circular motion as having constant velocity?

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A force is required to maintain the circular motion.

(i) Explain why a force is required.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) In which direction does this force act?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest what provides this force.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
7 (a) A uniform metre rule is pivoted at its centre, which is also the position of its centre of mass.

Three loads, 2.0 N, F and 3.0 N are positioned on the rule at the 20 cm, 30 cm and 90 cm
marks respectively, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

0 cm 20 cm 30 cm 50 cm 90 cm 100 cm

pivot
2.0 N F 3.0 N

Fig. 3.1

(i) Calculate the moment of the 3.0 N load about the pivot.

moment = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the moment of the 2.0 N load about the pivot.

moment = ......................................................... [1]

(iii) The force F maintains the metre rule in equilibrium on the pivot.

Calculate the value of F.

F = ......................................................... [3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) The weight of the metre rule is 1.2 N and can be considered to act at the 50 cm mark.

All the weights in (a) are removed. The pivot is positioned under the 30 cm mark and the 2.0 N
load is placed on the rule as shown in Fig. 3.2.

30 cm 50 cm

pivot
2.0 N 1.2 N

Fig. 3.2

The position of the 2.0 N load is adjusted until the metre rule is again in equilibrium.

Determine the position of the 2.0 N load.

2.0 N load is at the .......................................... cm mark [3]

[Total: 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 (a) A loose uniform wooden floorboard weighs 160 N and rests symmetrically on four supports P,
Q, R and S.

The supports are 0.50 m apart, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

floorboard

P Q R S
support
0.20 m 0.50 m 0.25 m

160 N

Fig. 2.1

Calculate the force exerted on the floorboard by each of the supports, and state the direction
of these forces. One value is already given for you.

force exerted by P = ...............................................................

40 N
force exerted by Q = ...............................................................

force exerted by R = ...............................................................

force exerted by S = ...............................................................

direction = ......................................................... [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) A workman of weight W stands on the end of the floorboard described in (a).

This just causes the floorboard to tip up, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

The supports are each 0.060 m thick.

P Q R S

0.060 m 160 N
W

Fig. 2.2

(i) Calculate the weight W of the workman.

weight W = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) Calculate the force that each of the supports now exerts on the floorboard.

force exerted by P = ...............................................................

force exerted by Q = ...............................................................

force exerted by R = ...............................................................

force exerted by S = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 (a) In an accident, a truck goes off the road and into a ditch. Two breakdown vehicles A and
B are used to pull the truck out of the ditch, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

road

45°
A

B breakdown
vehicles

ditch

Fig. 4.1

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 At one point in the rescue operation, breakdown vehicle A is exerting a force of 4000 N
and breakdown vehicle B is exerting a force of 2000 N.

(i) Using a scale of 1 cm = 500 N, make a scale drawing to show the resultant force on
the truck.

[4]

(ii) Use your diagram to find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the
truck.

magnitude of resultant force = ......................................................

direction of resultant force = ............................... to direction of road [2]

(b) (i) State why the resultant force is an example of a vector quantity.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Give an example of a vector quantity that is not a force.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 A student investigated the stretching of a spring by hanging various weights from it and
measuring the corresponding extensions. The results are shown below.

weight / N 0 1

extension / mm 0 21 40 51 82 103

(a) On Fig. 3.1, plot the points from these results. Do not draw a line through the points yet.
[2]

120

100

extension / mm

80

60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3
weight / N

Fig. 3.1

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) The student appears to have made an error in recording one of the results.

Which result is this?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Ignoring the incorrect result, draw the best straight line through the remaining points.
[1]

(d) State and explain whether this spring is obeying Hooke’s Law.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(e) Describe how the graph might be shaped if the student continued to add several more
weights to the spring.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) The student estimates that if he hangs a 45 N load on the spring, the extension will be
920 mm.

Explain why this estimate may be unrealistic.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 (a) A force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate.

In which direction is the acceleration?

................................................. [1]

(b) Any object moving in a circle has a force acting on it towards the centre of the circle.

What does this force do to the object?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) A woman of mass 60 kg is standing in a lift at a shopping centre.

(i) The lift is at rest.

1. State the value of the weight of the woman.

................................................. [1]

2. State the value of the force exerted on the woman by the floor of the lift.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Calculate the force required to accelerate a mass of 60 kg at 2.5 m / s2.

force = ................................................ [2]

(iii) The lift accelerates upwards at 2.5 m / s2.

Calculate the force exerted on the woman by the floor when the lift is accelerating.

force = ................................................ [1]

(iv) The lift reaches a steady upward speed.

State the value of the force exerted on the woman by the floor at this steady
speed.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 Fig. 4.1 illustrates an object on a string being whirled anticlockwise in a vertical circle.

A string

ground

Fig. 4.1

The lowest point of the circle is a small distance above the ground. The diagram shows the
object at the top A of the circle, and at B, when it is at the same height as the centre of the
circle.

(a) On Fig. 4.1, mark clearly

(i) the force of the string on the object

1. at A,

2. at B. [2]

(ii) the path the object would take until it hit the ground, if the string broke

1. at A,

2. at B. [3]

(b) The mass of the object is 0.05 kg. At A, the tension in the string is 3.6 N.

(i) Calculate the weight of the object.

weight = ................................................ [1]

(ii) Calculate the total force on the object at A.

total force = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 Fig. 1.1 shows apparatus used to find a relationship between the force applied to a trolley
and the acceleration caused by the force.

ticker- ticker-tape
trolley tape timer roll of tape
string

hanging mass runway

Fig. 1.1

For each mass, hung as shown, the acceleration of the trolley is determined from the tape.
Some of the results are given in the table below.

acceleration of the trolley

weight of the hanging mass / N
m/s2
0.20 0.25

0.40 0.50

0.70

0.80 1.0

(a) (i) Explain why the trolley accelerates.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Suggest why the runway has a slight slope as shown.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Calculate the mass of the trolley, assuming that the accelerating force is equal to the
weight of the hanging mass.

mass = ................................................ [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) Calculate the value missing from the table. Show your working.

value = ................................................ [2]

(d) In one experiment, the hanging mass has a weight of 0.4 N and the trolley starts from
rest.

Use data from the table to calculate

(i) the speed of the trolley after 1.2 s,

speed = ................................................ [2]

(ii) the distance travelled by the trolley in 1.2 s.

distance = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 11]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Fig. 2.1 shows a circular metal disc of mass 200 g, freely pivoted at its centre.

pivot

Fig. 2.1

Masses of 100 g, 200 g, 300 g, 400 g, 500 g and 600 g are available, but only one of each
value. These may be hung with string from any of the holes. There are three small holes on
each side of the centre, one at 4.0 cm from the pivot, one at 8.0 cm from the pivot and one at
12.0 cm from the pivot.

The apparatus is to be used to show that there is no net moment of force acting on a body
when it is in equilibrium.

(a) On Fig. 2.1, draw in two different value masses hanging from appropriate holes. The
values of the masses should be chosen so that there is no net moment. Alongside the
masses chosen, write down their values. [2]

(b) Explain how you would test that your chosen masses give no net moment to the disc.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) Calculate the moments about the pivot due to the two masses chosen.

moment due to first mass = .....................................................

moment due to second mass = ......................................................

[2]

(d) Calculate the force on the pivot when the two masses chosen are hanging from the
disc.

force = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 Fig. 1.1 shows a model car moving clockwise around a horizontal circular track.

direction of
movement
P
model circular
car track

Fig. 1.1

(a) A force acts on the car to keep it moving in a circle.

(i) Draw an arrow on Fig. 1.1 to show the direction of this force. [1]

(ii) The speed of the car increases. State what happens to the magnitude of this force.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) (i) The car travels too quickly and leaves the track at P. On Fig. 1.1, draw an arrow to
show the direction of travel after it has left the track. [1]

(ii) In terms of the forces acting on the car, suggest why it left the track at P.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(c) The car, starting from rest, completes one lap of the track in 10 s. Its motion is shown
graphically in Fig. 1.2.

30

25

speed / 20
cm / s
15

10

0
0 1 4 5 6 7 8 9
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(i) Describe the motion between 3.0 s and 10.0 s after the car has started.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Use Fig. 1.2 to calculate the circumference of the track.

circumference = ................................................ [2]

(iii) Calculate the increase in speed per second during the time 0 to 3.0 s.

increase in speed per second = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 Fig. 2.1 shows a steam safety valve. When the pressure gets too high, the steam lifts the
weight W and allows steam to escape.

0.2 m

pivot
W

force of
steam

Fig. 2.1

(a) Explain, in terms of moments of forces, how the valve works.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) The moment of weight W about the pivot is 12 N m. The perpendicular distance of the
line of action of the force of the steam on the valve from the pivot is 0.2 m.

The area of the piston is 0.0003 m2.

Calculate

(i) the minimum steam force needed for the steam to escape,

force = ................................................ [2]

(ii) the minimum steam pressure for the steam to escape.

pressure = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 (a) A spring of original length 3.0 cm is extended to a total length of 5.0 cm by a force of
8.0 N.

Assuming the limit of proportionality of the spring has not been reached, calculate the
force needed to extend it to a total length of 6.0 cm.

force = ................................................ [3]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the arrangement for an experiment on moments.

spring
pivot
F

metre rule

Fig. 3.1

The spring exerts a force F on the metre rule.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, mark another quantity which must be measured to find the moment of
the force F. [1]

(ii) State how the moment of the force F is calculated.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 A student sets up the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1 in order to find the resultant of the two
tensions T1 and T2 acting at P. When the tensions T1, T2 and T3 are balanced, the angles
between T1 and the vertical and T2 and the vertical are as marked on Fig. 2.1.

pulley

vertical
pulley T1 = 6.0 N T2 = 8.0 N board
44°
69°

T3

Fig. 2.1

In the space below, draw a scale diagram of the forces T1 and T2. Use the diagram to find the
resultant of the two forces.

State

(a) the scale used, scale = ........................................

(b) the value of the resultant, value = ........................................

(c) the direction of the resultant. direction = ........................................

[Total : 6]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 In an experiment, forces are applied to a spring as shown in Fig. 2.1a. The results of this
experiment are shown in Fig. 2.1b.

16
R
Q

12
ruler force/N
spring
8.0 P

4.0

weights

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0
extension/mm

Fig. 2.1a Fig. 2.1b

(a) What is the name given to the point marked Q on Fig. 2.1b?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) For the part OP of the graph, the spring obeys Hooke’s Law.
State what this means.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) The spring is stretched until the force and extension are shown by the point R on the
graph. Compare how the spring stretches, as shown by the part of the graph OQ, with
that shown by QR.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) The part OP of the graph shows the spring stretching according to the expression

F = kx.

Use values from the graph to calculate the value of k.

k =..................................[2]

[ Total : 5 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 A mass of 3.0 kg accelerates at 2.0 m/s2 in a straight line.

(a) State why the velocity and the acceleration are both described as vector quantities.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate the force required to accelerate the mass.

force = ………………. [2]

(c) The mass hits a wall.

The average force exerted on the wall during the impact is 120 N.
The area of the mass in contact with the wall at impact is 0.050 m2.
Calculate the average pressure that the mass exerts on the wall during the impact.

pressure = ………………. [2]

[ Total : 5 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 Fig. 2.1 shows apparatus for investigating moments of forces.

spring
balance horizontally balanced
metre rule

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

horizontal pivot
6.0 N
weight

Fig. 2.1

The uniform metre rule shown in Fig. 2.1 is in equilibrium.

(a) Write down two conditions for the metre rule to be in equilibrium.

condition 1 ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

condition 2 ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Show that the value of the reading on the spring balance is 8.0 N. [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) The weight of the uniform metre rule is 1.5 N.

Calculate the force exerted by the pivot on the metre rule.

magnitude of force = …………………………………

direction of force ………………………………… [2]

[ Total : 6 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
6 A large spring is repeatedly stretched by an athlete to increase the strength of his arms.
Fig. 3.1 is a table showing the force required to stretch the spring.

extension of spring / m 0.096 0.192 0.288 0.384

force exerted to produce extension / N 250 500 750 1000

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) State Hooke’s law.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Use the results in Fig. 3.1 to show that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.

[1]

(b) Another athlete using a different spring exerts an average force of 400 N to enable her
to extend the spring by 0.210 m.

(i) Calculate the work done by this athlete in extending the spring once.

work done = …………………

(ii) She is able to extend the spring by this amount and to release it 24 times in 60 s.
Calculate the power used by this athlete while doing this exercise.

power = …………………
[4]

[ Total : 6 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
7 Fig. 1.1 shows apparatus that may be used to compare the strengths of two springs of the
same size, but made from different materials.

spring

scale

masses

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Explain how the masses produce a force to stretch the spring.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why this force, like all forces, is a vector quantity.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the graphs obtained when the two springs are stretched.

20
force/N spring
in 1
ing
15
sp iing
n 2
spring
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40
extension/mm

Fig. 1.2

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (i) State which spring is more difficult to extend. Quote values from the graphs to
support your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) On the graph of spring 2, mark a point P at the limit of proportionality. Explain your
choice of point P.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Use the graphs to find the difference in the extensions of the two springs when a
force of 15 N is applied to each one.

difference in extensions = ..................................

[6]

[Total : 8]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
8 Fig. 3.1 shows the arm of a crane when it is lifting a heavy box.

1220 N
950 N

40° 30°

box

Fig. 3.1

(a) By the use of a scale diagram (not calculation) of the forces acting at P, find the weight
of the box. [5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(b) Another box of weight 1500 N is raised vertically by 3.0 m.

(i) Calculate the work done on the box.

work done = ..................................

(ii) The crane takes 2.5 s to raise this box 3.0 m. Calculate the power output of the
crane.

power = ..................................
[4]

[ Total : 9 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 Fig. 2.1 shows a mobile bird sculpture that has been created by an artist.

tail

bird sculpture

pivot

M hole in sculpture E
for pivot

12 cm 30 cm

Fig. 2.1

M is the centre of mass of the bird sculpture, including its tail (but not including the
counter-weight that will be added later). The mass of the bird and tail is 1.5 kg.

The bird sculpture is placed on a pivot.

The artist adds the counter-weight at the end E of the tail so that the bird remains stationary
in the position shown.

(a) Calculate the mass of the counter-weight.

mass = ................................................. [2]

(b) The centre of mass of the sculpture with counter-weight is at the pivot.

Calculate the upward force acting at the pivot.

force = ................................................. [1]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) The sculpture is rotated clockwise to the position shown in Fig. 2.2. It is held still, then
carefully released.

pivot

counter-weight

Fig. 2.2

(i) State whether the sculpture will stay in that position, rotate further clockwise or
rotate back anticlockwise.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain your answer to (i).

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 6]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 2 Fig. 1.1 shows the graph of speed v against time t for a train as it travels from one station to
the next.

20

v
m/s

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t /s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Use Fig. 1.1 to calculate

(i) the distance between the two stations,

distance = ................................................. [4]

(ii) the acceleration of the train in the first 10 s.

=acceleration ................................................. [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) The mass of the train is 1.1 × 105 kg.

Calculate the resultant force acting on the train in the first 10 s.

resultant force = ................................................. [2]

(c) The force generated by the engine of the train is called the driving force.

Write down, in words, an equation relating the driving force to any other forces acting on
the train during the period t = 10 s to t = 130 s.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 A bucket is full of oil. The total mass of the bucket of oil is 5.4 kg and the gravitational field
strength is 10 N / kg.

(a) Calculate the total weight of the bucket of oil.

weight = ................................................. [1]

(b) The bucket of oil is hung from a spring of unstretched length 20 cm. The limit of
proportionality of the spring is not exceeded and its length increases to 35 cm.

(i) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) The oil is poured into a measuring tank. The empty bucket stretches the spring to a
length of 25 cm.

Calculate

1. the force that stretches the spring to a length of 25 cm,

force = ................................................. [3]

2. the mass of the oil in the measuring tank.

mass = ................................................. [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (iii) The volume of the oil in the measuring tank is 0.0045 m3. Calculate the density of
the oil.

density = ................................................. [2]

(c) Explain, in terms of their molecules, why the density of the oil is greater than that of air.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 (a) A truck of mass 12 kg is rolling down a very slight incline as shown in Fig. 1.1.

12 kg

Fig. 1.1

The truck travels at constant speed.

Explain why, although the truck is on an incline, it nevertheless does not accelerate.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The slope of the incline is increased. As a result of this, the truck now accelerates.

(i) Explain why there is now acceleration.

.................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write down an equation linking the resultant force on the truck and the acceleration
of the truck.

[1]

(iii) The truck’s acceleration is 2.0 m/s2.

Calculate the resultant force on the truck.

resultant force = ................................................ [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) The friction force up the slope in (b)(iii) was 14.0 N.

By suitable lubrication, the friction force is now almost totally removed.

(i) Calculate the new acceleration of the truck.

acceleration = ................................................ [3]

(ii) The lubricated truck travels down the incline, starting from rest at the top of the
incline. It takes 2.5 s to reach the bottom of the incline.

Calculate its speed as it reaches the bottom of the incline.

speed = ................................................ [2]

(d) The incline is reduced to the original value and the lubricated truck is placed on it.

Describe the motion of the truck when it is released.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 Fig. 3.1 shows a simple see-saw. One child A sits near to end X and another child B sits
near to end Y. The feet of the children do not touch the ground when the see-saw is
balanced.

X Y

pivot

Fig. 3.1

(a) Child A has a mass of 18.0 kg and child B has a mass of 20.0 kg.

Without calculation, indicate where the children could sit so that the see-saw balances
horizontally. You may draw on Fig. 3.1 if you wish.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State the relationship between the moment caused by child A and that caused by
child B.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Child A is 2.50 m from the pivot. Calculate the distance of child B from the pivot.

distance = .................................... [2]

[Total :5 ]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
1 A large plastic ball is dropped from the top of a tall building.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the falling ball until it hits the ground.

20

15
speed
m / s 10

0
0 1
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) From the graph estimate,

(i) the time during which the ball is travelling with terminal velocity,

time = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the time during which the ball is accelerating,

time = ................................................ [1]

(iii) the distance fallen while the ball is travelling with terminal velocity,

distance = ................................................ [2]

(iv) the height of the building.

height = ................................................ [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the ball, why

(i) the acceleration of the ball decreases,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [3]

(ii) the ball reaches terminal velocity.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 11]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 A solid plastic sphere falls towards the Earth.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph of the fall up to the point where the sphere hits the Earth’s
surface.

140
R S T
120
speed
m/s
100

80

60
Q
40

20
P
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Describe in detail the motion of the sphere shown by the graph.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (b) On Fig. 1.2, draw arrows to show the directions of the forces acting on the sphere when
it is at the position shown by point S on the graph. Label your arrows with the names of
the forces. [2]

Fig. 1.2

(c) Explain why the sphere is moving with constant speed at S.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Use the graph to calculate the approximate distance that the sphere falls

(i) between R and T,

distance = ………………. [2]

(ii) between P and Q.

distance = ………………. [2]

[ Total : 11 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Fig. 2.1 shows a simple pendulum that swings backwards and forwards between P and Q.

support

string

P Q
R pendulum bob

Fig. 2.1

(a) The time taken for the pendulum to swing from P to Q is approximately 0.5 s.

Describe how you would determine this time as accurately as possible.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) (i) State the two vertical forces acting on the pendulum bob when it is at position R.

1.. .......................................................................................................................... ...

2.. ........................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) The pendulum bob moves along the arc of a circle. State the direction of the
resultant of the two forces in (i).

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The mass of the bob is 0.2 kg. During the swing it moves so that P is 0.05 m higher
than R.

Calculate the increase in potential energy of the pendulum bob between R and P.

potential energy = ………………. [2]

[ Total : 6]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 (a) State what is meant by the terms

(i) weight, ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) density. ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A student is given a spring balance that has a scale in newtons. The student is told that
the acceleration of free-fall is 10 m/s2.

(i) Describe how the student could find the mass of an irregular solid object.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Describe how the student could go on to find the density of the object.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) Fig. 1.1 shows three forces acting on an object of mass 0.5 kg. All three forces act
through the centre of mass of the object.

centre of mass

9.0 N 3.0 N
4.0 N

Fig. 1.1

Calculate

(i) the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the object,

magnitude = ……………… direction .............................................................. [2]

(ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of the object.

acceleration =…………………… [2]

[ Total : 10 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a bus during tests.

At time t = 0, the driver starts to brake.

speed 20
m/s
P
15
test
test
10
Q
5
test 1
R
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time t / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) For test 1,

(i) determine how long the bus takes to stop,

..................................................................................................................................
(ii) state which part of the graph shows the greatest deceleration,

..................................................................................................................................
(iii) use the graph to determine how far the bus travels in the first 2 seconds.

distance = ..........................................
[4]

(b) For test 2, a device was fitted to the bus. The device changed the deceleration.
(i) State two ways in which the deceleration during test 2 is different from that during
test 1.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (ii) Calculate the value of the deceleration in test 2.

deceleration = ....................................
[4]

(c) Fig. 1.2 shows a sketch graph of the magnitude of the acceleration for the bus when it
is travelling around a circular track at constant speed.

magnitude
of acceleration

0
0 time

Fig. 1.2

(i) Use the graph to show that there is a force of constant magnitude acting on the
bus.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the direction of this force.

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total : 11]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com